7 research outputs found

    Efecto de Cucurbita ficifolia sobre el estr茅s oxidativo, inflamaci贸n y activaci贸n de PKB en adipocitos 3T3-L1

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    Cucurbita ficifolia Bouch茅 es una planta que se cultiva en M茅xico por sus frutos comestibles, a los cuales se les ha atribuido potencial terap茅utico en el control de la diabetes. Un extracto acuoso de este fruto se ha reportado como hipoglucemiante, antioxidante y antiinflamatorio in vivo. Este extracto contiene Dquiroinositol (DQI) como el componente principal, pero a煤n no es clara su participaci贸n en los efectos biol贸gicos mencionados. En el presente trabajo se investig贸 el efecto del extracto acuoso (estandarizado con base en su contenido de DQI) y del DQI sint茅tico sobre par谩metros de estr茅s oxidativo e inflamaci贸n, dos anormalidades presentes en obesidad y diabetes tipo 2 (DT2), as铆 como en la activaci贸n de la prote铆na cinasa B (PKB), en adipocitos 3T3-L1. Los tratamientos con el extracto de Cucurbita ficifolia y el DQI sint茅tico, disminuyeron la relaci贸n GSH/GSSG y H2O2, y aumentaron la actividad de la glutati贸n peroxidasa. Adem谩s, DQI disminuy贸 la expresi贸n del RNAm y la prote铆na de TNF-伪, IL-6 y resistina, mientras Cucurbita ficifolia disminuy贸 resistina e increment贸 IL-6. Y ambos tratamientos no modificaron los niveles de adiponectina. Por otra parte, el DQI activ贸 PKB en ausencia de insulina como evidencia de su efecto insulinomim茅tico, contrario a lo observado con el extracto acuoso de Cucurbita ficifolia. Por lo tanto, el efecto antioxidante y antiinflamatorio del extracto de Cucurbita ficifolia puede deberse, en parte, a su contenido de DQI. Debido a que increment贸 la actividad de la glutati贸n peroxidasa, la cual participa en la regulaci贸n del estado redox (GSH/GSSG) con disminuci贸n del H2O2, evitando la activaci贸n de la v铆a inflamatoria. Ambos tratamientos pueden reducir los da帽os causados por el estr茅s oxidativo en obesidad y DT2. El efecto antiiinflamatorio del DQI, conjuntamente con su efecto insulinomim茅tico, podr铆an coadyuvar al tratamiento de estas dos patolog铆as

    Efecto de un extracto hipoglucemiante de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouch茅 sobre los niveles de citocinas proinflamatorias en ratones obesos

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    La obesidad y el sobrepeso se definen como una acumulaci贸n anormal o excesiva de grasa nociva para la salud. De acuerdo con la Organizaci贸n Mundial de la Salud, en el 2005 hab铆a en el mundo aproximadamente 1600 millones de adultos con sobrepeso y 400 millones de adultos obesos y se calcula que en el 2015 habr谩 aproximadamente 2300 millones de adultos con sobrepeso y m谩s de 700 millones con obesidad. Diversos estudios han relacionado a la obesidad como factor importante para el desarrollo de diabetes tipo 2 (DT2). En la obesidad y en la DT2 se presenta una respuesta inflamatoria cr贸nica de bajo grado. El exceso de tejido adiposo blanco tiene una funci贸n importante en este proceso, al incrementar la producci贸n anormal de citocinas, como el factor de necrosis tumoral tipo alfa (TNF-伪), interleucina 6 (IL-6), resistina, adiponectina, entre otras., las cuales se han relacionado con la resistencia a la insulina. La importancia de la inflamaci贸n en el desarrollo de estas patolog铆as ha llevado a proponer nuevas alternativas farmacol贸gicas, dirigidas al tratamiento de este proceso. En M茅xico, una planta que se utiliza emp铆ricamente en el control de la DT2 es Cucurbita ficifolia (C. ficifolia). Se ha demostrado que el extracto acuoso del fruto de C. ficifolia disminuye los niveles s茅ricos de TNF-伪 e incrementa interfer贸n gama (IFN-纬) e interleucina 10 (IL-10) en ratones diab茅ticos. Sin embargo, a煤n se desconocen otros efectos que podr铆a tener el extracto de C. ficifolia sobre la inflamaci贸n. Debido a la importancia del tejido adiposo blanco en la regulaci贸n de la producci贸n de citocinas, la presente investigaci贸n plante贸 evaluar el efecto de un extracto hipoglucemiante de C. ficifolia sobre las concentraciones s茅ricas y la expresi贸n g茅nica en tejido adiposo de citocinas inflamatorias en ratones obesos. La finalidad del estudio es sentar las bases para proponer el extracto, como una alternativa terap茅utica capaz de detener el estado inflamatorio y la resistencia a la insulina presente en la obesidad, previniendo as铆 el desarrollo de la DT2 y sus complicaciones vasculares. Se utiliz贸 un modelo murino de obesidad inducido por la administraci贸n neonatal de glutamato monos贸dico, el cual presenta un estado inflamatorio cr贸nico caracter铆stico y resistencia a la insulina. Ratones obesos con cuatro meses de edad recibieron el extracto de C. ficifolia (200 mg/kg, v铆a intrag谩strica) por 30 d铆as. Al finalizar el tratamiento se cuantificaron los niveles s茅ricos y la expresi贸n del RNAm en tejido adiposo de TNF-伪, IL-6, resistina, IL-10 y adiponectina. Los resultados mostraron que la administraci贸n de C. ficifolia disminuye significativamente los niveles s茅ricos de TNFR2 e IL-6, as铆 como la expresi贸n del RNAm de las citocinas proinflamatorias resistina, TNF-伪 e IL-6 (P<0.05). La administraci贸n de C. ficifolia no increment贸 los niveles de las citocinas antiinflamatorias IL-10 y adiponectina. Aunque fue evidente una reducci贸n estad铆sticamente significativa del RNAm de adiponectina (P<0.05). Adem谩s, C. ficifolia redujo la resistencia a la insulina en los ratones obesos (P<0.05). Estos resultados permiten concluir que el extracto hipoglucemiante de C. ficifolia tiene efecto antiinflamatorio en los ratones obesos lo cual se asocia con una disminuci贸n de la resistencia a la insulina.The overweight and the obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair the health. According to the World Health Organization, in 2005 approximately 1.6 billion of adults had overweight, whereas 400 million of adults were obese. Overweight and obesity are considered risk factors for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. The obesity and diabetes are associated with a low grade-chronic inflammatory response, due to an abnormal production of cytokines. White adipose tissue plays an important role in this inflammatory process. In obesity, the excess of adipose tissue causes an inflammatory condition by abnormal production of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor type alpha (TNF-伪), interleukin 6 (IL-6), resistin and adiponectin, which have been associated with the generation of insulin resistance. The importance of inflammation in the generation of these pathologies has propitiated the search of new therapies for treatment of this illness. In Mexico, Cucurbita ficifolia is a plant used empirically in type 2 diabetes mellitus control. The aqueous extract from C. ficifolia fruit decreased serum levels of TNF-伪 and increased the levels of interferon gamma (IFN-纬) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in diabetic mice. However, the effects of C. ficifolia on the inflammation in obesity have not yet been studied. Because the importance of white adipose tissue in the regulation of cytokine production, in the present research it was proposed to evaluate the effect of daily administration of a hypoglycemic extract from C. ficifolia fruit on the serum levels and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in obese mice. An obesity model induced by neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate was used, which presents a characteristic inflammatory state and insulin resistance. Obese mice with 4 months of age received C. ficifolia extract (200mg/kg) for 30 days by gastric gavage. At the end of the treatment serum levels and mRNA expression in adipose tissue for TNF-伪, IL-6, resistin, IL-10 and adiponectin were quantified. The results indicated that administration of C. ficifolia significantly decreased serum levels of TNFR2 and IL-6, as well as the mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines resistin, TNF-伪 and IL-6 (P <0.05). The administration of C. ficifolia did not increase the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and adiponectin. Although a significant reduction (P <0.05) of adiponectin mRNA expression was observed. Also C. ficifolia reduced insulin resistance in obese mice (P <0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that the hypoglycemic extract of C. ficifolia has anti-inflammatory effect in obese mice, resulting in amelioration of the insulin resistance

    ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MISTLETOE (Cladocolea loniceroides) IN STZ-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

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    Background: Inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, such as 伪-amylase and 伪-glucosidase, is a key element in the regulation of diabetes mellitus (DM). The purpose of this work was to study the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, and the antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Cladocolea (C. loniceroides) in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetic mice. Materials and Methods: The inhibitory activities of C. loniceroides aqueous extract on 伪-amylase and 伪-glucosidase were investigated in vitro. Glucose tolerance test was performed in normoglycemic (NG) mice which were fed with starch or sucrose. The effect of mistletoe aqueous extract (ME) was measured in (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. On day 35 of the treatment, the effect of decreasing oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione redox state, GPx and GR specific activities, cytokines and aminotransferases analysis) was assessed. Results: ME showed a competitive mode of inhibition for the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (CHE). The maximum antihyperglycemic activity in mice was observed for the unripe fruit aqueous extract (UFAE) for -amylase and stem aqueous extract (SAE); for -glucosidase due to the glycemic response reduction by 23% or 35%, respectively. UFAE decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) 1.76 times; GSH/GSSG ratio was mantained (3.08 卤 0.66); GPx activity was reduced (24%); IL-6 was reduced (18%) and the concentration of TNF- (37%) was leveled with respect to the (STZ)-induced diabetic mice; ALT and AST (liver transaminases) levels were nearly the same compared with those found in the NG mice. Conclusion: UFAE of C. loniceroides exhibited the highest antidiabetic activity in (STZ)-induced diabetic mice

    Reactive Oxygen Species from NADPH Oxidase and Mitochondria Participate in the Proliferation of Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells from a Model of Metabolic Syndrome

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    In metabolic diseases, the increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents one of the pathogenic mechanisms for vascular disease probably by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation that contributes to the development of arterial remodeling and stenosis, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, this work was undertaken to evaluate the participation of ROS from NADPH oxidase and mitochondria in the proliferation of SMCs from the aorta in a model of metabolic syndrome induced by sucrose feeding in rats. After 24 weeks, sucrose-fed (SF) rats develop hypertension, intra-abdominal obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia. In addition SMCs from SF rats had a higher growth rate and produce more ROS than control cells. The treatment of SMCs with DPI and apocynin to inhibit NADPH oxidase and with tempol to scavenge superoxide anion significantly blocked the proliferation of both SF and control cells suggesting the participation of NADPH oxidase as a source of superoxide anion. MitoTEMPO, which targets mitochondria within the cell, also significantly inhibited the proliferation of SMCs having a greater effect on cells from SF than from the control aorta. The higher rate of cell growth from the SF aorta is supported by the increased content of cyclophilin A and CD147, proteins involved in the mechanism of cell proliferation. In addition, caldesmon, 伪-actin, and phosphorylated myosin light chain, contractile phenotype proteins, were found significantly lower in SF cells in no confluent state and increased in confluent state but without difference between both cell types. Our results suggest that ROS from NADPH oxidase and mitochondria significantly participate in the difference found in the rate of cell growth between SF and control cells
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