If Mothers Had Their Say: Research Informed Intervention Design for Empowering Mothers to Establish Smoke-free Homes

Fourth Student Poster Presentation. Presenter: Sheila Barnhart - "If Mothers Had Their Say: Research Informed Intervention Design for Empowering Mothers to Establish Smoke-free Homes".The Ohio State University College of Social WorkThe College of Social Work Doctoral Student Organizatio

The Impact of Microaggressions and Microaffirmations on Safety, Acceptance, and Inclusion for LGBTQ+ Middle School Students: A School Counselor’s Perspective

Despite societal and cultural trends toward acceptance, the LGBTQ+ community continues to endure stressors related to their minority status, often in the form of microaggressions. As the average age of “coming out” is much younger than in years past, a greater number of adolescents are now subject to these same stressors. Accordingly, this qualitative phenomenological study sought to examine the experiences of school counselors who support LGBTQ+ students at the middle school level to determine their perceptions related to safety, acceptance, and inclusion for this vulnerable population. Additionally, the impact of microaggressions and microaffirmations on LGBTQ+ students was explored. This research was shaped by three fundamental research questions: 1) From the perspective of school counselors, what factors related to school climate are most impactful in creating a safe, accepting, and inclusive school community for LGBTQ+ middle school students, 2) what incidents of microaggression have been experienced by LGBTQ+ youth in middle school, as perceived by school counselors, and 3) what incidents of microaffirmation have been experienced by LGBTQ+ youth in middle school, as perceived by school counselors? The sample was comprised of 15 school counselors representing 12 states in the United States. Data was collected through a demographic survey and semi-structured individual interviews conducted via the Zoom virtual conference platform. From these interviews, seven foundational themes emerged, including emerging trends, safety, acceptance, inclusion, microaggressions, microaffirmations, and overcoming obstacles. As LGBTQ+ research historically focuses on individuals of high school age or older, the findings of this study addressed a gap in the literature by considering factors specific to a younger adolescent cohort. Furthermore, insight gained from this research may be used to improve school climate and, consequently, the mental health and well-being of this marginalized population

A Pedagogical Approach to Technique in Chopin\u27s Preludes Op. 28

The current project is a reference guide for using Chopin\u27s Preludes in the applied studio to teach technique, and consists of three main components: determining the technical challenges of each prelude; categorizing each prelude by level of technical difficulty; compiling practice suggestions for successful navigation of each technique. The following technical challenges are represented throughout the set: voicing, passagework, cross-rhythms and tuplet rhythms, stretches, leaps, fingering, double notes, octaves, repeated notes, pedaling, hand coordination, hand independence. Each of these challenges is manifested in a multiple ways. While a variety of techniques are required to perform any given work, in the Preludes often one or two technical skills are most prominently on display, making for a suitable technical study. This project indicates the main technical challenges presented by each prelude, as well as those which are more subtly employed. With the classification provided in this document it is possible to choose a prelude to focus on and reinforce a particular skill.;The grading scale, based on level of technical difficulty, consists of four categories: easy, intermediate, advanced, and very advanced. This system used is based on, though not identical to, that found in Eleanor Bailie\u27s Chopin, A Graded Practical Guide (London: Kahn & Averill, 1998). The grading scale is not intended to compare the Preludes with other repertoire; it categorizes the preludes in relation to others in the set only. Many of the techniques listed above are represented, to greater and lesser degrees of prominence, in three of the four grading categories, making it possible to find an appropriate prelude for both a specific technique and difficulty level.;The compilation of practice suggestions includes those that have been presented by other scholars, as well as tips gleaned from performance experience of the set by the author. In addition, Chopin\u27s approach to the piano and technique is explored and compared to our modern conception of technique. Incorporating writings by Chopin, interviews of his students, and other contemporary accounts with current ideas on technique creates a unique amalgamation of suggestions and considerations for students and teachers alike

Cost-effectiveness of community-based screening and treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in Mali.

IntroductionModerate acute malnutrition (MAM) causes substantial child morbidity and mortality, accounting for 4.4% of deaths and 6.0% of disability-adjusted life years (DALY) lost among children under 5 each year. There is growing consensus on the need to provide appropriate treatment of MAM, both to reduce associated morbidity and mortality and to halt its progression to severe acute malnutrition. We estimated health outcomes, costs and cost-effectiveness of four dietary supplements for MAM treatment in children 6-35 months of age in Mali.MethodsWe conducted a cluster-randomised MAM treatment trial to describe nutritional outcomes of four dietary supplements for the management of MAM: ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSF; PlumpySup); a specially formulated corn-soy blend (CSB) containing dehulled soybean flour, maize flour, dried skimmed milk, soy oil and a micronutrient pre-mix (CSB++; Super Cereal Plus); Misola, a locally produced, micronutrient-fortified, cereal-legume blend (MI); and locally milled flour (LMF), a mixture of millet, beans, oil and sugar, with a separate micronutrient powder. We used a decision tree model to estimate long-term outcomes and calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) comparing the health and economic outcomes of each strategy.ResultsCompared to no MAM treatment, MAM treatment with RUSF, CSB++, MI and LMF reduced the risk of death by 15.4%, 12.7%, 11.9% and 10.3%, respectively. The ICER was US$9821 per death averted (2015 USD) and US$347 per DALY averted for RUSF compared with no MAM treatment.ConclusionMAM treatment with RUSF is cost-effective across a wide range of willingness-to-pay thresholds.Trial registrationNCT01015950

Preventive Benefits of U.S. Childcare Subsidies in Supervisory Child Neglect

Using data from age 3 of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, the current study explores the complex relationships between U.S. child care subsidies and neglect. Specifically, the study examines two research questions: (1) Are U.S. child care subsidies associated with selfreported neglect among low-income mothers? (2) What individual types of self-reported neglect are significantly reduced by receipt of child care subsidy? Using negative binomial regression examining the relationships among mothers who were income-eligible for child care subsidy, we found that child care subsidy was associated with lower levels of supervisory neglect, indicating an important role of subsidy in the lives of low-income families

Associations of First Trimester Co-Use of Tobacco and Cannabis with Prenatal Immune Response and Psychosocial Well-Being

PURPOSE: This study aims to describe the association of first trimester co-use of tobacco and cannabis with maternal immune response and psychosocial well-being, relative to tobacco use only. METHODS: A preliminary midpoint analysis included 138 pregnant women with biologically verified tobacco use, 38 of whom (28%) also tested positive for recent cannabis use. Maternal perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depressive symptoms (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), and serum immune markers (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, CRP, MMP8), were collected, although cytokine data were only available for 122 women. RESULTS: Participant average age was 29.1 years, approximately half had a high school education or less, and half were unemployed. Compared to tobacco only users, co-users were more likely to be non-White, younger and more economically disadvantaged. In the adjusted linear regression models, TNF-α levels were significantly lower among co-users relative to tobacco only users, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index and tobacco use group (tobacco cigarettes, electronic nicotine delivery devices [ENDS] or both). TNF-α was the only immune marker found to be significant in this analysis. Measured stress levels (M = 5.9, SD = 3.3; potential range 0-16) and depression scores (M = 7.8, SD = 5.8; potential range 0-30) were low across all participants and did not differ as a function of co-use. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results suggest women co-using during the first trimester exhibit decreased pro-inflammatory immune responsivity on one out of eight markers. Further research is needed to determine the impact of this immune modulation on fetal health outcomes and the unique contribution of cannabis

Reported Barriers to Hepatitis C Treatment among Pregnant and Early-Parenting Mothers Undergoing Substance Use Disorder Treatment in One U.S. State

Nationwide, the prevalence of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has risen in recent years. At least 90% of infected persons must be treated to achieve global elimination targets. The current study aimed to explore barriers to, and facilitators of, direct-acting antiviral (DAA) HCV treatment uptake amongst pregnant and early-parenting women undergoing comprehensive substance use treatment. Twenty participants with documented HCV antibody positivity were recruited from two substance use treatment centers in central Kentucky. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore knowledge about HCV, previous experiences, and intentions to seek care. Themes were extracted using an inductive analytical approach. Most participants were aware of the dangers posed by HCV infection. However, there was a high degree of misinformation about transmission mechanisms and treatment eligibility requirements. Low priority for HCV treatment also surfaced as a barrier to treatment uptake. Participants reported being unable to seek care due to time and resource limitations in the presence of a highly demanding treatment process. Findings from the current study suggest that more work is needed to eliminate residual barriers that limit access to HCV treatment among pregnant and early-parenting women in treatment for substance use disorder

Smoking among U.S. hispanic/latino adults: The hispanic community health study/study of latinos

Prior national surveys capture smoking behaviors of the aggregate US Hispanic/Latino population, possibly obscuring subgroup variation