Goniometry of elbow carrying angle: a comparative clinical study on sexual dimorphism in young males and females

Background: Carrying angle of the elbow joint is an angle formed between the axis of arm and axis of forearm in an extended elbow joint supinated at the radio-ulnar joints. It is an obtuse angle which facilitates free swinging of arm by deviating it from the pelvis during walking or carrying an object. Carrying angle increases with age and is reportedly greater in females. Morphometry of this angle may be helpful in identification of elbow disorders along with surgical reconstruction and evaluation of traumatic elbow. The aim of this study was to clinically observe sexual dimorphism of carrying angle among young males and females with normal anatomy and bony configuration of elbows between 21 to 25 years of age the in the outdoor clinic of the Department of Orthopaedics.Methods: Four hundred individuals of equal sex ratio underwent bilateral goniometry. The measurement of carrying angle was performed using goniometer.Results: Carrying angle was observed to be greater in females. There was no correlation between carrying angle and height of individual or length of forearm.Conclusions: Carrying angle is greater in females may be because exhibits high sexual dimorphism. It may also considered be as a secondary sexual characteristic. Utility of goniometry of carrying angle is observed during orthopaedic reconstruction of elbow disorders after treatment of distal fractures of humerus and evaluation of traumatic injuries at the elbow joint.

Incidence, diagnosis and management of adult cases presenting with symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Five lumbar vertebrae bridge between the thoracic and the sacral. The first four are typical in nature and the fifth is of a standalone atypical variety. Normal inward curvatures are observed in both cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column. These lordotic curvatures usually help in shock absorption and support the weight of the head. Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below it. This condition usually develops in the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is due to the lumbar spine being exposed to directional pressures while carrying and distributing most of the body weight during activity and at rest. Such a combination of weight bearing and multidirectional movement may cause forward slippage of any random lumbar vertebra over the vertebra beneath it. The aim of this study was to observe retrospectively adult male and female cases presenting with spondylolisthesis in the outdoor clinic of the Department of Orthopaedics in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Adult cases of either sex presenting with low back pain were clinically and radiologically investigated. Data regarding age, sex and occupation were recorded.Results: The incidence of symptomatic spondylolisthesis was reported to be 211 out of 5117 cases that presented with low back pain. We observed that majority of cases were in the age group of 23 to57 years with higher preponderance among males. A small fraction of presenting cases were advised for laminectomy.Conclusions: Incidence of symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis was high. Sex ratio among presenting cases was observed to be higher in males. Cases were clinically examined and diagnosed radiologically. Most cases were managed conservatively

Study on baseline characteristics and lipid profile abnormalities among type 2 diabetic patients attending urban diabetic care hospital, Bangladesh

Background: Altered levels of serum glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile are prevalent in patients having type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). Aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between serum HbA1c and lipid profile in T2DM to predict diabetic dyslipidemia.Methods: A structured questionnaire was filled up by each study subject to collect data according to study protocol including age, gender, BMI, BP, residential status, socio-economic status, educational status, physical activity, dietary habit, smoking and duration of diabetes. We collected blood samples from 270 type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients aged 30-65 years after overnight fasting (10-12 hours). Then blood samples collected from T2DM patients were used to measure serum levels of HbA1c, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were estimated by standard laboratory methods.Results: In this study, increased levels of fasting blood glucose (8.61 mmo/l), HbA1c (7.86%), TC (226.15 mg/dl), TG (193.34 mg/dl) and LDL (147.37 mg/dl), and decreased levels of HDL (40.36 mg/dl) were observed in T2DM patients. Moreover, the strong positive correlation of HbA1c levels with FBG, TC, TG, and LDL levels were found in this study. Besides, a very strong and significant negative correlation (R2=0.1822) between the serum levels of HbA1c and HDL were noted in this study.Conclusions: This study revealed a strong correlation between dyslipidemia and serum levels of HbA1c in T2DM patients

Isolation, characterization, pharmacological evaluation and in silico modeling of bioactive secondary metabolites from Ziziphus oxyphylla a member of Rhamnaceae family

Purpose: To investigate the pharmacological properties of the medicinally active metabolites of Ziziphus oxyphylla. Methods: Compound I-IV were isolated form the root of Ziziphus oxyphylla (compound I = Stigmasterol, II = Betulinic acid, III = 1,2,3 benzene triol and IV = 5-Pentadecanoic acid). Various spectroscopic techniques were used to identify and characterize the isolated compounds. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays were employed to determine the antioxidant potentials of these compounds. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition potential of the isolated compounds were also evaluated. Results: Amongst the isolated compounds, compound IV was the most potent antioxidant against DPPH and ABTS free radicals, exhibiting half-maximal concentration (IC50) values of 64 and 65 μg/mL, respectively. All the compounds exhibited good inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. However, stigmasterol was more potent than the other isolated compounds, showing IC50 of 85.10 ± 1.45 and 84.81 ± 1.17, respectively, against AChE and BChE. Conclusion: Although, all isolated compounds inhibited the selected free radicals (DPPH and ABTS) and cholinesterases, stigmasterol and 5-penatadecanoic acid were more potent than other two compounds. Thus the former can potentially be used to treat oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases. Keywords: Ziziphus oxyphylla, Stigmasterol, 5-Pentadecanoic acid, Antioxidant, Acetyl Cholinesterase, Butyryl cholinesteras

Ideological Dimensions of Muslim Nationalism and Democracy

oai:ojs2.www.ijsshe.com:article/14The term “Nationalism” can be redefined within the scope of Post-colonial discourse and often looked to be different in meaning for the readers. It requires a deep and intensive observation of the historical facts which contributed a great deal tracing origin and gauging development of the notion of ‘nationalism’ in South Asia. Nationalism in its simplest means is the similarity in culture, politics, religion, economic endeavours and social norms of the inhabitants of a particular region. The democratic era commenced in Europe with its marvellous philosophy. European enlightenment and emancipation passed through many phases. As far as Muslim Nationalism is concerned, especially in colonial setting, it is evolution of centuries old phenomenon based on Two-Nation Theory which in itself is not the product of one day. Research paper in hand throws light on the very evolution of the ideological dimensions of Muslim Nationalism resulting into the form of democracy which has ultimately been evolved in today’s socio-political framework

HGVA: the Human Genome Variation Archive.

High-profile genomic variation projects like the 1000 Genomes project or the Exome Aggregation Consortium, are generating a wealth of human genomic variation knowledge which can be used as an essential reference for identifying disease-causing genotypes. However, accessing these data, contrasting the various studies and integrating those data in downstream analyses remains cumbersome. The Human Genome Variation Archive (HGVA) tackles these challenges and facilitates access to genomic data for key reference projects in a clean, fast and integrated fashion. HGVA provides an efficient and intuitive web-interface for easy data mining, a comprehensive RESTful API and client libraries in Python, Java and JavaScript for fast programmatic access to its knowledge base. HGVA calculates population frequencies for these projects and enriches their data with variant annotation provided by CellBase, a rich and fast annotation solution. HGVA serves as a proof-of-concept of the genome analysis developments being carried out by the University of Cambridge together with UK's 100 000 genomes project and the National Institute for Health Research BioResource Rare-Diseases, in particular, deploying open-source for Computational Biology (OpenCB) software platform for storing and analyzing massive genomic datasets

Incidence, diagnosis and management of adult cases presenting with symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Five lumbar vertebrae bridge between the thoracic and the sacral. The first four are typical in nature and the fifth is of a standalone atypical variety. Normal inward curvatures are observed in both cervical and lumbar regions of the vertebral column. These lordotic curvatures usually help in shock absorption and support the weight of the head. Spondylolisthesis occurs when one vertebra slips forward over the vertebra below it. This condition usually develops in the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is due to the lumbar spine being exposed to directional pressures while carrying and distributing most of the body weight during activity and at rest. Such a combination of weight bearing and multidirectional movement may cause forward slippage of any random lumbar vertebra over the vertebra beneath it. The aim of this study was to observe retrospectively adult male and female cases presenting with spondylolisthesis in the outdoor clinic of the Department of Orthopaedics in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Adult cases of either sex presenting with low back pain were clinically and radiologically investigated. Data regarding age, sex and occupation were recorded.Results: The incidence of symptomatic spondylolisthesis was reported to be 211 out of 5117 cases that presented with low back pain. We observed that majority of cases were in the age group of 23 to57 years with higher preponderance among males. A small fraction of presenting cases were advised for laminectomy.Conclusions: Incidence of symptomatic lumbar spondylolisthesis was high. Sex ratio among presenting cases was observed to be higher in males. Cases were clinically examined and diagnosed radiologically. Most cases were managed conservatively