Mouse-Liver Glutathione Reductase: Inactivation by NADPH sf Two Allelic Variants

Mouse-liver glutathione reductase has been purified to homogeneity from strain SWR/J by ammonium sulfate precipitation (40-80 %) and two additional steps of affinity chromatography in ATPR-Sepharose and 2', 5'-ADP-Sepharose from which it was specifically eluted by using NADP+ gradients. After 2032-fold purification the pure enzyme has a specific activity of 146 Uimg. The SWRiJ protein is slightly more basic than the other allelic variant from strain DBA/2J, with PI 7.0 and 6.5 respectively. Both pure proteins are immunologically identical, either by immunodiffusion or by quantitative imrnunoprecipitation. They can however be distinguished by their rate of inactivation in the presence of NADPH, their reduced cofactor. The SWR/J protein is much more resistant to that inactivation ( t x = 14 min) than the DBA/2J enzyme (t % = 5 min).La elizlma glutation reductasa de higado de raton ha sido purificada hasta homogeneidad a partir de la estirpe SWR/J mediante su precipitadbn fraccionada con sulfato am6nico (40-80 %) y dos pasos adicionales de cromatograiia de afinidad en geles de ATPR-Sefarosa y 2',5'-ADP-Sefarosa de 10s que fue eluida especificamente mediante sendos gradientes de NADP+. Tras una purificaci6n de 2.032 veces la enzima pura muestra una actividad especifica de 146 p/mg. La proteina de la estirpe SWR/J es ligeramente mas bhsica que la procedente de la otra variante alelica DBA/2J, con PI 7,O y 6,5, respectivamente. Ambm proteinas puras son inmunologicamente identicas, sea en inmunodifusi6n o en inmunoprecipitaci6n cuantitativa. Se distinguen, sin embargo, por su diferente velocidad de inactivacibn co

Amplification and cloning of cDNAS of cytochrome P4501A1 and metallothionein genes from Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 and Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) by Race-PCR

The biotransformation of xenobiotics found in marine ecosystems is catalysed by inducible systems, a property that makes them useful as early-warning biomarkers of environmental pollution. We have focused our study on cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP 1A1) as a phase I response against organic aromatic xenobiotics, and metallothionein (MT), which reflects pollution by transition metals. The high homology existing between the sequences of both genes, already cloned in different fish species, enabled us to design degenerate oligos to amplify by RT-PCR specific sequences of CYP 1A1 and MT genes in two teleost fish species of the Spanish South Atlantic littoral, the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758, and the grey mullet, Liza aurata (Risso 1810). To this end, the expression of both genes was previously induced by intraperitoneal injection with Aroclor 1254 (CYP 1A1) and CdCl2 (MT). The specific sequences for both genes amplified by RT-PCR with degenerate oligos were subsequently used to design new, specific oligos to obtain by Race-PCR (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) the complete cDNAs coding for both genes in both fish species, which were subsequently cloned and sequenced. The coding sequences and the corresponding proteins were compared with those already obtained in other fish species. We are currently developing homologous probes for mRNA quantification using molecular biology techniques in both fish species, to be employed as molecular biomarkers of pollution in the Spanish South Atlantic littoral.La biotransformación de xenobióticos presentes en ecosistemas marinos está catalizada por varios sistemas inducibles, lo que permite su uso como biomarcadores de alerta temprana de contaminación ambiental. Este estudio se ha centrado en el citocromo P4501A1 (CYP 1A1), como respuesta de fase I contra xenobióticos orgánicos aromáticos, y la metalotioneína (MT), que refleja la contaminación por metales de transición. La alta homología existente entre las secuencias de ambos genes previamente clonados en diferentes especies de peces permitió diseñar oligos degenerados para amplificar por RT-PCR secuencias específicas de los genes CYP 1A1 y MT en dos especies de peces teleósteos del litoral suratlántico español, la dorada Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 y la lisa Liza aurata (Risso, 1810). Para ello, la expresión de ambos genes se indujo por inyección intraperitoneal con Aroclor 1254 (CYP 1A1) y CdCl2 (MT). Las secuencias específicas de ambos genes, amplificadas por RT-PCR con tales oligos, se usaron posteriormente para diseñar nuevos oligos específicos; éstos se usaron para amplificar por Race-PCR (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) los cDNAs completos que codifican tales genes en ambas especies de peces, que fueron posteriormente clonados y secuenciados. Las secuencias codificantes y las proteínas correspondientes se han comparado con las obtenidas en otras especies de peces. Actualmente se desarrollan sondas homólogas para cuantificar por métodos de biología molecular los mRNAs específicos en ambos peces, para su uso como biomarcadores moleculares de contaminación en el litoral suratlántico español.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Amplification and cloning of cDNAS of cytochrome P4501A1 and metallothionein genes from Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 and Liza aurata (Risso, 1810) by Race-PCR

The biotransformation of xenobiotics found in marine ecosystems is catalysed by inducible systems, a property that makes them useful as early-warning biomarkers of environmental pollution. We have focused our study on cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP 1A1) as a phase I response against organic aromatic xenobiotics, and metallothionein (MT), which reflects pollution by transition metals. The high homology existing between the sequences of both genes, already cloned in different fish species, enabled us to design degenerate oligos to amplify by RT-PCR specific sequences of CYP 1A1 and MT genes in two teleost fish species of the Spanish South Atlantic littoral, the gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758, and the grey mullet, Liza aurata (Risso 1810). To this end, the expression of both genes was previously induced by intraperitoneal injection with Aroclor 1254 (CYP 1A1) and CdCl2 (MT). The specific sequences for both genes amplified by RT-PCR with degenerate oligos were subsequently used to design new, specific oligos to obtain by Race-PCR (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) the complete cDNAs coding for both genes in both fish species, which were subsequently cloned and sequenced. The coding sequences and the corresponding proteins were compared with those already obtained in other fish species. We are currently developing homologous probes for mRNA quantification using molecular biology techniques in both fish species, to be employed as molecular biomarkers of pollution in the Spanish South Atlantic littoralLa biotransformación de xenobióticos presentes en ecosistemas marinos está catalizada por varios sistemas inducibles, lo que permite su uso como biomarcadores de alerta temprana de contaminación ambiental. Este estudio se ha centrado en el citocromo P4501A1 (CYP 1A1), como respuesta de fase I contra xenobióticos orgánicos aromáticos, y la metalotioneína (MT), que refleja la contaminación por metales de transición. La alta homología existente entre las secuencias de ambos genes previamente clonados en diferentes especies de peces permitió diseñar oligos degenerados para amplificar por RT-PCR secuencias específicas de los genes CYP 1A1 y MT en dos especies de peces teleósteos del litoral suratlántico español, la dorada Sparus aurata Linnaeus, 1758 y la lisa Liza aurata (Risso, 1810). Para ello, la expresión de ambos genes se indujo por inyección intraperitoneal con Aroclor 1254 (CYP 1A1) y CdCl2 (MT). Las secuencias específicas de ambos genes, amplificadas por RT-PCR con tales oligos, se usaron posteriormente para diseñar nuevos oligos específicos; éstos se usaron para amplificar por Race-PCR (Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends) los cDNAs completos que codifican tales genes en ambas especies de peces, que fueron posteriormente clonados y secuenciados. Las secuencias codificantes y las proteínas correspondientes se han comparado con las obtenidas en otras especies de peces. Actualmente se desarrollan sondas homólogas para cuantificar por métodos de biología molecular los mRNAs específicos en ambos peces, para su uso como biomarcadores moleculares de contaminación en el litoral suratlántico españo

Communicating with families in educational settings: taxonomy of texts produced in primary education schools of Andalusia

El número de alumnos de origen extranjeros en las aulas de las escuelas primarias seguirá aumentando en los próximos años. No obstante, no siempre se concretan los medios para su acogida y para propiciar la involucración de las familias. Dos medios imprescindibles para esto son la traducción e interpretación. Esta situación, junto con otros factores, propicia que la investigación en la traducción e interpretación en el ámbito educativo sea cada vez más más necesaria. El presente estudio es un paso previo para la caracterización de este ámbito. El objetivo general es el diseño de una taxonomía de los textos generados para la comunicación entre las familias y los centros escolares de primaria de Andalucía. Se logrará mediante un estudio cualitativo: se analizará un corpus de textos y se clasificarán según varios parámetros. La hipótesis de este estudio es que esta taxonomía puede contribuir a mejorar la labor de los traductores-intérpretes del ámbito educativo. Tras contextualizar el estudio en la investigación ya llevada a cabo este ámbito, se exploran las distintas teorías de género y tipologías textuales para sentar las bases de la taxonomía y así proceder al análisis y clasificación del corpus. En total, se han ofrecido dos propuestas de taxonomías. En el proceso, se han experimentado varios límites inherentes a la naturaleza de los textos y del proceso de clasificación en sí. Por último, como conclusión, los estudios subrayan la importancia de las taxonomías para el desarrollo de la competencia de género, pero se debe seguir investigando para caracterizar este ámbitoThe number of foreign students in primary school classrooms will continue to increase in the coming years. However, the means for welcoming them and fostering their families’ involvement are not always well defined. Two essential means for this are translation and interpretation. This situation, together with other factors, makes research into translation and interpretation in the educational field increasingly necessary. The present study is a preliminary step towards the characterization of this field. The general objective is to design a taxonomy of the texts generated for the communication between families and primary schools in Andalusia. This will be achieved by means of a qualitative study: a corpus of texts will be analyzed and classified according to several parameters. The hypothesis of this study is that this taxonomy can contribute to improve the work of translators and interpreters in the educational field. After contextualizing our study in the research already carried out in this field, the different theories of genre and textual typologies are explored in order to lay the foundations of our taxonomy and thus proceed to the analysis and classification of the corpus. In total, two taxonomy proposals have been suggested. In the process, several limits have been experienced, although these are inherent to the nature of both the texts and the classification process itself. Finally, in conclusion, the studies underline the importance of taxonomies for the development of genre competence, but further research is needed to characterize this area.Máster Universitario en Comunicación Intercultural, Interpretación y Traducción en los Servicios Públicos. Especialidad en NGL-ESP (M198

Histoquímica del cervix uterino

Tesis inédita de la Universidad de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 10-07-1961. Ej. mecanografiado firmado por el autor.Fac. de MedicinaTRUEProQuestpu

How good are the Garvey-Kelson predictions of nuclear masses?

The Garvey-Kelson relations are used in an iterative process to predict nuclear masses in the neighborhood of nuclei with measured masses. Average errors in the predicted masses for the first three iteration shells are smaller than those obtained with the best nuclear mass models. Their quality is comparable with the Audi-Wapstra extrapolations, offering a simple and reproducible procedure for short range mass predictions. A systematic study of the way the error grows as a function of the iteration and the distance to the known masses region, shows that a correlation exists between the error and the residual neutron-proton interaction, produced mainly by the implicit assumption that $V_{np}$ varies smoothly along the nuclear landscape.Comment: 10 pages, 18 figure

Research on Etiological aspects of Dual Pathology

Introducción: Es importante evaluar la interacción entre los antecedentes psicopatológicos familiares (AF), la dinámica familiar (DF), los trastornos de conducta, los trastornos por uso de sustancias y los trastornos de personalidad (TP). Metodología: Estudio transversal con 350 drogodependientes evaluados los AF psiquiátricos, de alcoholismo y de drogodependencias; la DF; consumo de sustancias; y la presencia de TP, los problemas de conducta (PC) en la adolescencia y el trastorno disocial (TD). Las variables correlacionadas fueron incluidas en varios modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: Una edad de inicio en el consumo más temprana se relaciona con AF de drogodependencia y peor DF. Los AF de alcoholismo, drogodependencias y psiquiátricos se relacionan con peor DF. Edad de inicio en el consumo más temprana, los AF y una peor DF se relacionan con los PC y el TD. Edad de inicio en el consumo más temprana, tener AF, una peor DF, los PC y el TD se relacionan con la presencia de algún TP. Permiten predecir la presencia de algún TP la edad de inicio en el consumo de metadona (IC(95):1,005/3,222; p=0,048) y de otros opiáceos (IC(95):0,233/0,894; p=0,022). La puntuación en AF de alcoholismo permite predecir la presencia de TP límite (IC(95):1,137-2,942; p=0,013), y la edad de inicio en el consumo de cocaína permite predecir la presencia de TP antisocial (IC(95):0,864/0,992; p=0,028). Conclusiones: Los AF de consumo de sustancias y el consumo propio, predicen la presencia de algunos TP.Introduction: It is important to assess the interaction between family psychopathologic history (FH), family dynamics (FD), behavior disorders, substance-use disorders and personality disorders (PD). Methodology: Cross-sectional design. The sample was made up of 350 subjects with substance-use disorders who were assessed for FH including alcoholism and substance-use disorders through an interview; for substance use via a questionnaire; for FD; for PD using the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE); for behavior problems in adolescence; and for disocial disorder. Correlated variables were included in logistic regression models. Results: Early age of onset for substance use is related to FH of substanceuse disorders and poorer FD. FH of alcoholism, substance-use disorders and psychiatric disorders are related to poorer FD. Early age of onset for substance use, FH and a disruptive FD are related to behavior problems and disocial disorder. Early age of onset for substance use, FH, disruptive FD, behavior problems and disocial disorder are related to presence of PD. Logistic regression predicted the presence of PD by age of onset for use of methadone (CI(95):1.005/3.222; p=0.048) and of other opiates (CI(95):0.864/0.992;p=0.028). FH score in alcoholism predicted Borderline Personality Disorder (CI(95):1.137- 2.942; p=0.013), and age of onset of cocaine use predicted Antisocial Personality Disorder (CI(95):0.864/0.992; p=0.028). Conclusions: FH of substance use and own use predict the presence of some PDs

Fragmentation and low density as major conservation challenges for the southernmost populations of the European wildcat

Knowledge of population dynamics of threatened species in the wild is key to effective conservation actions. However, at present, there are many examples of endangered animals for which their current situation is unknown, and not just in remote areas and less developed countries. We have explored this topic by studying the paradigmatic case of the European wildcat (Felis silvestris silvestris), an endangered small carnivore whose status has been subjectively established on the basis of non-systematic approaches and opportunistic records. Little is known about its demographic situation, prompting the need for information to improve conservation measures. However, the secretive behaviour of felines along with its low density in natural conditions have prevented the gathering of sufficient data. We developed a field sampling strategy for one of the largest populations (Andalusia, South Spain, 87,268 km2 ), based on a logistically viable systematic non-intrusive survey by camera-trapping. This study offers the first large-scale estimation for any European wildcat population, based on analytical approaches applied on Species Distribution Models. A hierarchical approach based on a Maxent model for distribution estimation was used, along with Generalised Linear Models for density estimation from explicit spatial capture-recapture data. Our results show that the distribution range is smaller and more highly fragmented than previously assumed. The overall estimated density was very low (0.069 ±0.0019 wildcats/km2 ) and the protected areas network seems to be insufficient to cover a significant part of the population or a viable nucleus in demographic terms. Indeed, the most important areas remain unprotected. Our main recommendations are to improve the protected area network and/or vigilance programs in hunting estates, in addition to studying and improving connectivity between the main population patches.The research was partially funded by the Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación del Territorio (www.juntadeandalucia.es > medioambiente > site > portalweb) through the European Union (FEDER Project http://www. juntadeandalucia.es/medioambiente/site/portalweb/ menuitem.6ffc7f4a4459b86a1daa5c105510e1c/? vgnextoid=05cf8706a8bb9510VgnVCM10000013 25e50aRCRD&vgnextchannel=05cf8706a8bb9510 VgnVCM1000001325e50aRCRD) and is part of the Global Change Observatory of Sierra Nevada (https://digibug.ugr.es/handle/10481/54686). J.M. G.-S. was supported by a Prometeo fellowship from the SENESCYT and the national agency for Education and Science of the Government of Ecuador (https://www.educacionsuperior.gob.ec/ prometeo/). There aren’t specific grant numbers or funding from commercial companies. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript

Curriculum and teaching: what and how student at risk are thought?

En el presente artículo se analiza el currículo y la enseñanza de dos programas o medidas que se desarrollan en la Región de Murcia y en la Comunidad de Andalucía –Programa de Diversificación Curricular y Programa de Iniciación Profesional y/o Programa de Garantía Social- ambos destinados al alumnado con serias dificultades para continuar la enseñanza en las aulas regulares. Tras presentar diversos datos recogidos a través de cuestionarios y entrevistas con diferentes sujetos implicados, se analizan y valoran los resultados de la investigación realizada, procurando responder a la cuestión de en que grado el currículo diseñado en tales programas y la formación y aprendizajes logrados han contribuido a responder a las necesidades de este alumnadoThe article analyses curriculum and teaching of two programs in the Region of Murcia and in the Community of Andalusia - Program of Diversification Curricular and Program of Professional Initiation and / or Program of Social Guarantee – designed and implemented with students at risks, in serious difficulties to progress their learning in regular classrooms and teaching. After presenting different data gathered throw questionnaires and interviews carried out with different teachers, the outcomes are analyzed and valued in order to answer the question related to the degree in which de curriculum designed and its implementation in such programs respond properly to students needs and contributed to theirs expected learnin