45 research outputs found
Sfrp3 modulates stromal-epithelial crosstalk during mammary gland development by regulating Wnt levels
Mammary stroma is essential for epithelial morphogenesis and development. Indeed, postnatal mammary gland (MG) development is controlled locally by the repetitive and bi-directional cross-talk between the epithelial and the stromal compartment. However, the signalling pathways involved in stromal–epithelial communication are not entirely understood. Here, we identify Sfrp3 as a mediator of the stromal–epithelial communication that is required for normal mouse MG development. Using Drosophila wing imaginal disc, we demonstrate that Sfrp3 functions as an extracellular transporter of Wnts that facilitates their diffusion, and thus, their levels in the boundaries of different compartments. Indeed, loss of Sfrp3 in mice leads to an increase of ductal invasion and branching mirroring an early pregnancy state. Finally, we observe that loss of Sfrp3 predisposes for invasive breast cancer. Altogether, our study shows that Sfrp3 controls MG morphogenesis by modulating the stromal-epithelial cross-talk during pubertal development
Real-time estimation of horizontal gaze angle by saccade integration using in-ear electrooculography
The manuscript proposes and evaluates a real-time algorithm for estimating eye gaze angle based solely on single-channel electrooculography (EOG), which can be obtained directly from the ear canal using conductive ear moulds. In contrast to conventional high-pass filtering, we used an algorithm that calculates absolute eye gaze angle via statistical analysis of detected saccades. The estimated eye positions of the new algorithm were still noisy. However, the performance in terms of Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients was significantly better than the conventional approach in some instances. The results suggest that in-ear EOG signals captured with conductive ear moulds could serve as a basis for lightweight and portable horizontal eye gaze angle estimation suitable for a broad range of applications. For instance, for hearing aids to steer the directivity of microphones in the direction of the user’s eye gaze
In vitro mycorrhization of micropropagated plants: studies on Castanea sativa Mill.
In vitro mycorrhization can be made by several axenic and nonaxenic
techniques but criticism exists about their artificiality and inability to
reproduce under natural conditions. However, artificial mycorrhization under
controlled conditions can provide important information about the physiology
of symbiosis. Micropropagated Castanea sativa plants were inoculated with
the mycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius after in vitro rooting. The
mycorrhizal process was monitored at regular intervals in order to evaluate the
mantle and hartig net formation, and the growth rates of mycorrhizal and
nonmycorrhizal plants. Plant roots show fungal hyphae adhesion at the surface
after 24 hours of mycorrhizal induction. After 20 days a mantle can be
observed and a hartig net is forming although the morphology of the epidermal
cells remains unaltered. At 30 days of root–fungus contact the hartig net is
well developed and the epidermal cells are already enlarged. After 50 days of
mycorrhizal induction, growth was higher for mycorrhizal plants than for
nonmycorrhizal ones. The length of the major roots was lower in mycorrhizal
plants after 40 days. Fresh and dry weights were higher in mycorrhizal plants
after 30 days. The growth rates of chestnut mycorrhizal plants are in agreement
with the morphological development of the mycorrhizal structures observed at
each mycorrhizal time. The assessment of symbiotic establishment takes into
account the formation of a mantle and a hartig net that were already developed
at 30 days, when differences between fresh and dry weights of mycorrhizal and
nonmycorrhizal plants can be quantified. In vitro conditions, mycorrhization
influences plant physiology after 20 days of root–fungus contact, namely in
terms of growth rates. Fresh and dry weights, heights, stem diameter and
growth rates increased while major root growth rate decreased in mycorrhizal
plants.Springe
Prevalência e impacto da migrânea em funcionários do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP
A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)
Meeting abstrac
Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity, gut health and growth performance
Rice Cultivar Variation in the Growth Response to Inoculation of Free-Living Rhizobacteria
Smoothelin-like 2 Inhibits Coronin-1B to Stabilize the Apical Actin Cortex during Epithelial Morphogenesis.
The actin cortex is involved in many biological processes and needs to be significantly remodeled during cell differentiation. Developing epithelial cells construct a dense apical actin cortex to carry out their barrier and exchange functions. The apical cortex assembles in response to three-dimensional (3D) extracellular cues, but the regulation of this process during epithelial morphogenesis remains unknown. Here, we describe the function of Smoothelin-like 2 (SMTNL2), a member of the smooth-muscle-related Smoothelin protein family, in apical cortex maturation. SMTNL2 is induced during development in multiple epithelial tissues and localizes to the apical and junctional actin cortex in intestinal and kidney epithelial cells. SMTNL2 deficiency leads to membrane herniations in the apical domain of epithelial cells, indicative of cortex abnormalities. We find that SMTNL2 binds to actin filaments and is required to slow down the turnover of apical actin. We also characterize the SMTNL2 proximal interactome and find that SMTNL2 executes its functions partly through inhibition of coronin-1B. Although coronin-1B-mediated actin dynamics are required for early morphogenesis, its sustained activity is detrimental for the mature apical shape. SMTNL2 binds to coronin-1B through its N-terminal coiled-coil region and negates its function to stabilize the apical cortex. In sum, our results unveil a mechanism for regulating actin dynamics during epithelial morphogenesis, providing critical insights on the developmental control of the cellular cortex