Évaluation des pratiques professionnelles sur la prescription de nutrition parentérale au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes

National audienceObjectives In 2018, a formative assessment of practices in parenteral nutrition was performed in a French University Hospital.Materials and methods Forty-eight patients receiving parenteral nutrition were retrospectively studied. The list of data collected was developed from the survey proposed by the French speaking Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (SFNCM).Results The indication of the prescription of parenteral nutrition was justified in 75% of cases. A quarter of the prescriptions was in accordance with the recommended energy intakes (25–35 kcal/kg/day). A total of 72,9% of prescriptions of parenteral nutrition were supplemented with vitamins and trace elements. Body Mass Index was calculated for 77% of patients. The 1 month-ago weight was registered in 87,5% of patient records. Weight loss was only mentioned in 23% of cases. Clinical and biological monitoring was insufficient for all patients.Conclusion This analysis shows positive points in our practices but improvements are needed. We plan to improve our practice for 3 selected axes the prescription of vitamins and trace elements, a complete biological assessment before the start of parenteral nutrition and the systematic screening for malnutrition by recommended indicators weight, weight loss and Body Mass Index.Objectifs En 2018, une évaluation des pratiques professionnelles en nutrition parentérale a été réalisée chez des patients adultes hospitalisés au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Rennes.Patients et méthodes Deux audits ont permis l’analyse rétrospective de 48 dossiers patients sous nutrition parentérale. La liste des données à recueillir a été élaborée à partir de la grille d’évaluation des pratiques professionnelles sur la nutrition parentérale de la Société Francophone de Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme (SFNCM).Résultats L’indication de la prescription était justifiée dans 75 % des cas. Un quart des prescriptions coïncidait avec les apports énergétiques recommandés de 25 à 35 kcal/kg/j. 72,9 % des prescriptions sont complémentées par des vitamines et oligoéléments. L’Indice de masse corporelle était calculé pour 77 % des patients. Le poids du mois précédent était inscrit à 87,5 % dans le dossier patient. Le calcul de la perte de poids n’était mentionné que dans 23 % des dossiers. La surveillance clinique et biologique était incomplète pour l’ensemble des patients.Conclusion Cette évaluation des pratiques professionnelles met en évidence des points positifs dans nos pratiques mais également de nombreux axes d’amélioration. Elle devra être suivie par la mise en place d’actions correctrices ciblant 3 axes d’amélioration retenus : La prescription de vitamines et d’oligoéléments, un bilan biologique complet avant l’instauration et pour la surveillance d’une nutrition parentérale et le recueil systématique des indicateurs nutritionnels pour l’évaluation de la dénutrition (ex-Indicateurs Pour l’Amélioration de la Qualité et de la Sécurité des Soins [IPAQSS]) : poids, perte de poids et Indice de masse corporelle

Varietal adaptation of a model simulating the grain protein content of winter wheat

National audienc

Analysis of the variability of grain protein content in wheat : Genotypic adaptation of the crop simulation model azodyn

*UMR d'Agronomie, Bibliothèque, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon Diffusion du document : UMR d'Agronomie, Bibliothèque, 78850 Thiverval-GrignonInternational audienc

Predicting riks of overlapping flowering periods for conventional and low-gluten wheat varieties

International audienc

The Azodyn crop model as a decision support tool for choosing cultivars

International audienceWe evaluated the Azodyn wheat crop model as a cultivar decision support tool using a set of 14 genotypes, tested in 21 contrasting environments. The results showed that the Azodyn crop model satisfactorily simulated yield and grain protein content for a large range of genotypes and environments, as shown by a root mean square error of 1.4 Mg ha-1 and 1.7 g 100 g MS-1, respectively. The comparison between the observed and the simulated rankings of genotypes showed a ranking error of the model of one rank or less. The model was able to identify the best genotype to be used to obtain the highest yield in 20 cases out of 33 and the highest grain protein content in 48 cases out of 64. As a new way to evaluate crop models as a decision support tool for cultivar choice, we compared the Azodyn predictive accuracy against the cultivar yield and grain protein average generally used by cultivar growers as a predictive model. We showed that in the main production conditions, the Azodyn predictions fit the yield and grain protein content observed better than the average

Predicting riks of overlapping flowering periods for conventional and low-gluten wheat varieties

International audienc

Dielectric breakdown in SiO2: A survey of test methods

This chapter updates Chapter 6 of Volume 1 and reviews the testing methods used for characterizing the breakdown of capacitors with special emphasis on MOS capacitors. The mechanism of breakdown is described by the “Qbd model” or “charge-to-breakdown model”, based on the continuous degradation and eventual breakdown caused by charge leaking through the capacitor. This is explained briefly and the degradation of the stressed capacitors is discussed in more detail. The main proof of the Qbd model is found by comparing the different testing methods and showing that all the statistical results merge into the same Qbd distribution law. Apparent differences in various test results are caused by obvious effects such as current confinement and local breakdown. The impact of this unifying model, the physical meaning of Qbd and ζbd and the correlation of the two are studied. Recent literature on other models is briefly discussed

Nitrogen remobilization during grain filling in wheat : genotypic and environmental effects

International audienceIn wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), nitrogen remobilization from the vegetative organs of the crop to the grains has been shown to depend on environmental factors and genotype. We performed, for a set of 10 winter wheat genotypes, field experiments at six sites over a 2‐yr period. By measuring nitrogen uptake at flowering (NUF from 32–284 kg ha−1), the amount of remobilized nitrogen (REMN from 24–228 kg ha−1) and nitrogen remobilization efficiency (NRE from 0.44–0.92) we were able to determine the effect of genotype and environment on the relationship between REMN and NUF. Environment and genotype had significant effects on nitrogen remobilization and nitrogen remobilization efficiency, which mainly depended on treatment (nitrogen and fungicide) and site. For environments without limiting factor during the grain‐filling period, we found that REMN was not dependent on the genotype and could be estimated by a single two‐parameter linear relationship (REMN=4.13+NUF×0.76, r2=0.97). We analyzed the effect of drought stress before and after flowering, high temperature during these periods, nitrogen availability and disease pressure on REMN by comparing observed and estimated REMN. The effect of the environment on the relationship between nitrogen uptake at flowering and nitrogen remobilization depended on nitrogen uptake during grain‐filling period and disease pressure and was also affected by genotype. Disease‐resistant genotypes seemed to be able to keep remobilization efficiency stable in conditions of strong disease pressure, whereas nitrogen remobilization efficiency decreased strongly in susceptible genotypes under the same conditions

Is it possible to forecast the grain quality and yield of different varieties of winter wheat from Minolta SPAD meter measurements?

International audienc