263 research outputs found

    CINZAS DE CASCA DE ARROZ COMO FONTE ALTERNATIVA DE SILÍCIO PARA A SÍNTESE DE ZEÓLITA BETA

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    Rice husk ash is an agroindustrial residue generated in large scale that can cause environmental problems and risks to people health. As a solution to this problem, this ash could be used as an alternative source of high reactive silica, with a wide field of applications, such as, for example, in the synthesis of catalysts with high silicon content. In this work, beta zeolite was synthesized using amorphous silica, extracted from rice husk ash, and pseudo-boehmite. Using this alternative source of silicon, it was possible to form the zeolitic structure with excellent catalytic properties. The application of the beta zeolite in the dehydration of isopropanol enables the production of propylene with high selectivity at low temperatures, showing that the use of silica from rice husk ash has a great technological and environmental potential.Cinzas de casca de arroz são resíduos agroindustriais gerados em larga escala que podem acarretar problemas ambientais e riscos à saúde da população. Como solução para este problema, as cinzas podem ser utilizadas como fonte alternativa de sílica altamente reativa, com vasto campo de aplicação, como, por exemplo, na síntese de catalisadores de alto teor de silício, como as zeólitas. Neste trabalho, zeólita beta foi sintetizada usando sílica amorfa, extraída de cinzas de casca de arroz, e pseudoboemita. Utilizando esta fonte alternativa de silício foi possível a formação da estrutura zeolítica com excelentes propriedades catalíticas. A aplicação da zeólita beta na desidratação do isopropanol possibilitou a produção de propeno com alta seletividade a baixas temperaturas, mostrando que a utilização de sílica proveniente de cinzas de cascas de arroz tem grande potencial tecnológico e ambiental

    SÍNTESE ALTERNATIVA DE ZSM-5 UTILIZANDO SEMENTES E ETANOL COMO CODIRECIONADOR DE ESTRUTURA

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    In this work, it is proposed the ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis using crystals of this material as seeds and ethanol, substituting the usual nitrogenous organic bases as templates. The seeds were synthesized by the hydrothermal method employing n-butylamine as template. Using seeds and ethanol, as co-template, the synthesis of ZSM-5 was performed, having, as silica source, rice husk ash and, as aluminum source, kaolin. The zeolites were characterized by XRD, BET and FT-IR. The combination of seed and ethanol at different proportions resulted in the formation of ZSM-5 with high crystallinity, surface area up to 300 m2/g and micropores volume up to 0,114 cm3/g. Thus, it is evidenced thatnitrogen-containing templates can be satisfactorily replaced by the use of ZSM-5 seeds combined with ethanol.Neste trabalho, propõem-se a síntese de zeólitas do tipo ZSM-5 utilizando cristais deste material, como sementes, e etanol, em substituição às usuais bases orgânicas nitrogenadas como direcionadores de estrutura. As sementes foram sintetizadas pelo método hidrotérmico empregando n-butilamina como direcionador de estrutura. Utilizando as sementes e o etanol, como codirecionador, foi realizada a síntese de ZSM-5, tendo, como fonte de sílica, cinza de casca de arroz e, como fonte de alumínio, caulim. As zeólitas foram caracterizadas por DRX, BET e FT-IR. A combinação de etanol e sementes em diferentes proporções resultou na formação de ZSM-5 de alta cristalinidade, área específica de até 300 m2/g e volume de microporos de até 0,114 cm3/g. Assim, é evidenciado que direcionadores de estrutura nitrogenados podem ser satisfatoriamente substituídos pelo emprego de sementes de ZSM-5 combinadas com etanol

    Microkinetic analysis of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene reactions over MgO-SiO<sub>2</sub> catalysts based on characterization of experimental fluctuations

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    Microkinetic analysis of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene reactions over MgO-SiO2 catalysts was performed based on the detailed characterization of experimental fluctuations, taking into account the influence of the reaction temperature and catalyst properties on ethanol conversion and product selectivities. The obtained results show that both reaction temperature and catalysts properties affected experimental fluctuations significantly. The local microkinetic information contained in the covariance matrix of experimental fluctuations indicated the change of the rate-limiting step as reaction temperature increased: from 300 to 400 ºC, the rate-limiting step was identified as the acetaldehyde condensation, while at 450 ºC, ethanol dehydrogenation step limits the 1,3-butadiene production

    Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

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    Alternative synthesis of ZSM-5 using seeds and ethanol as co-template

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    Neste trabalho, propõem-se a síntese de zeólitas do tipo ZSM-5 utilizando cristais deste material como sementes e etanol, em substituição às usuais bases orgânicas nitrogenadas como direcionadores de estrutura. As sementes foram sintetizadas pelo método hidrotérmico empregando n-butilamina como direcionador de estrutura. Utilizando as sementes e o etanol, como codirecionador, a síntese de ZSM-5 foi realizada, tendo, como fonte de sílica, cinza de casca de arroz e, como fonte de alumínio, caulim. As zeólitas foram caracterizadas por DRX, BET e FT-IR. A combinação de etanol e sementes em diferentes proporções resultou na formação de ZSM-5 com alta cristalinidade, área específica de até 300 m2/g e volume de microporos de até 0,114 cm3/g. Assim, é evidenciado que direcionadores de estrutura nitrogenados podem ser satisfatoriamente substituídos pelo emprego de sementes de ZSM-5 combinadas com etanol.In this work, it is proposed the ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis using crystals of this material as seeds and ethanol, substituting the usual nitrogenous organic bases as templates. The seeds were synthesized by the hydrothermal method employing n-butylamine as template. Using seeds and ethanol, as co-template, the synthesis of ZSM-5 was performed, having, as silica source, rice husk ash and, as aluminum source, kaolin. The zeolites were characterized by XRD, BET and FT-IR. The combination of seed and ethanol at different proportions resulted in the formation of ZSM-5 with high crystallinity, surface area up to 300 m2/g and micropores volume up to 0,114 cm3/g. Thus, it is evidenced that nitrogen-containing templates can be satisfactorily replaced by the use of ZSM-5 seeds combined with ethanol

    Statistical Evaluation of Non-Linear Parameter Estimation Procedures for Adsorption Equilibrium Models

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    Adsorption equilibrium is a fundamental concept in the adsorption science and relates the equilibrium between the quantity of the adsorbed material and its concentration in the bulk phase. Several models have been proposed for prediction of adsorption equilibrium and all models depend on parameters whose values must be estimated from available experimental data. Although linear parameter estimation procedures can be used for model fitting, through transformation of available experimental data and model parameters, non-linear parameter estimation procedures lead to more reliable results and allow for direct comparison of results obtained with different adsorption equilibrium models. The main objective of this work is to present and compare different non-linear procedures for parameter estimation of adsorption equilibrium models, based on theoretical arguments and also on the numerical estimation of adsorption equilibrium parameters, using available experimental data for adsorption of methylene blue onto activated carbon. The results obtained indicate that the best parameter estimation procedure is the one that relies on available equilibrium concentrations in the bulk phase as a function of the fluid volume, adsorbent mass and initial concentrations in the bulk phase, without transformation of measured experimental values and model parameters. Besides, it is shown that parameter estimates should be obtained through proper minimization of weighted least-squares objective function, in accordance with maximum likelihood procedures
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