Caracterização genética de Euphorbia heterophylla resistente a herbicidas inibidores da acetolactato sintase

The increase of the number of weed plants resistant to enzyme acetolactate sintase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides of is a subject frequently discussed by farmers and scientific community. In Brazil, nine species were registered with such problem. The objective of this work was to determine the genetic diversity of wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) ALS-resistant populations. Forty populations deriving from seeds collected in areas of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with resistance suspicion, were selected from the previous application of herbicides in greenhouse. Twenty plants of each population were sampled for DNA extraction. Analysis of 30 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were performed. Each marker had 10 oligonucleotide of arbitrary sequence. On the grouping analysis, the overall coefficient of similarity was 40% and the populations were separated in seven groups. The populations of the counties of Pontão, Augusto Pestana and Não-me-Toque were genetically different. There is genetic variability related to herbicide resistence among E. heterophylla populations from plateaus of the State of Rio Grande do Sul.O aumento do número de plantas daninhas resistentes aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase é um tema abordado com freqüência por produtores e comunidade científica. No Brasil, nove espécies já foram documentadas por apresentarem tal problema. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a diversidade genética de populações de leiteira (Euphorbia heterophylla L.) resistentes aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima acetolactato sintase. Quarenta populações de plantas oriundas de sementes coletadas em áreas do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com suspeita de resistência, foram selecionadas, a partir da aplicação prévia de herbicidas com este mecanismo de ação em casa de vegetação. Vinte plantas de cada população serviram de amostra para a extração de DNA. Trinta marcadores de polimorfismo de DNA amplificado ao acaso (RAPD) foram selecionados, cada um com 10 oligonucleotídeos de seqüência arbitrária. Na análise de agrupamento, cujo coeficiente médio de similaridade foi de 40%, as populações foram separadas em sete grupos. As populações dos municípios de Pontão, Augusto Pestana e Não-me-Toque foram consideradas geneticamente diferentes. Há variabilidade genética relacionada à resistência do herbicida entre as populações de E. heterophylla que ocorrem no planalto do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul

Effect of bone loss simulation and periodontal splinting on bone strain Periodontal splints and bone strain

AbstractObjectivesThe influence of bone loss and periodontal splinting on strains in supporting bone is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of bone loss and periodontal splints on strains in an anterior mandible structure.MethodsTen anterior mandible models were fabricated using polystyrene resin. Eighty human teeth were divided in 10 groups (right first premolar to left premolar) and embedded in simulated periodontal ligament. Strain gauges were attached to the buccal and lingual mandible surfaces. The models were sequentially tested for 7 conditions: no bone alterations and no splinting; 5mm of bone loss between canine teeth; bone loss associated with resin splint between canine teeth; bone loss with wire splint; bone loss with wire/resin splint; bone loss with extracoronal fibre–glass/resin splint; and bone loss with intracoronal fibre–glass/resin splint. Oblique loads (50, 100, and 150N) were applied on the teeth. Data were analysed using 3-way ANOVA and Scheffe's test (α=.05).ResultsStrains on buccal surface were higher than on lingual surface. Bone loss resulted in strain increase at 100 and 150N loading. Dental splinting with resin resulted in strain values similar to the control levels.ConclusionsBone loss increased strain mainly in the buccal region. Dental splints with adhesive system and composite resin produced lower bone strains irrespective of occlusal load

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy as an Adjuvant in Periodontal Treatment in Individual with Down Syndrome

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT), associated with scaling and root planing in the non-surgical periodontal treatment of individuals with Down Syndrome. Material and Methods: A controlled, randomized, split-mouth study was conducted. A total of 8 participants diagnosed with Down Syndrome aged 17-38 years of both sexes with clinical periodontitis were included in the study. Participants were treated at least three times: at the baseline, Plaque Index (PI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), and Probing Pocket Depth (PPD) were obtained. After one week, conventional scaling and root planing were performed, and two quadrants were randomly selected for aPDT application. The reassessment was obtained one month after the aPDT application. The significance level was set at 5%. Analyses were performed considering a 95% confidence interval. Results: In the intergroup evaluation, no statistically significant differences were observed (p>0.05). In the intragroup evaluation, no statistically significant variations were observed in relation to the PI (p>0.05) and PPD (p>0.05); however, a statistically significant reduction in the BOP was observed between the test group (p=0.013) and control group (p=0.015). Conclusion: The use of aPDT as adjuvant therapy did not promote additional benefits in decreasing PI and PPD after 1 month of treatment. However, a significant reduction in the BOP was observed in the intragroup evaluation

Dental wear caused by association between bruxism and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a rehabilitation report

Bruxism is a pathological activity of the stomatognathic system that involves tooth grinding and clenching during parafunctional jaw movements. Clinical signs of bruxism are mostly related to dental wear and muscular and joint discomforts, but a large number of etiological factors can be listed, as local, systemic, psychological and hereditary factors. The association between bruxism, feeding and smoking habits and digestive disorders may lead to serious consequences to dental and related structures, involving dental alterations (wear, fractures and cracks), periodontal signs (gingival recession and tooth mobility) and muscle-joint sensivity, demanding a multidisciplinary treatment plan. This paper presents a case report in which bruxism associated with acid feeding, smoking habit and episodes of gastric reflow caused severe tooth wear and great muscular discomfort with daily headache episodes. From the diagnosis, a multidisciplinary treatment plan was established. The initial treatment approach consisted of medical follow up with counseling on diet and smoking habits and management of the gastric disorders. This was followed by the installation of an interocclusal acrylic device in centric relation of occlusion (CRO) for reestablishment of the occlusal stability, vertical dimension of occlusion, anterior guides and return to normal muscle activity (90-day use approximately). After remission of initial symptoms, oral rehabilitation was implemented in CRO by means of full resin composite restorations and new interocclusal device for protection of restorations. Satisfactory esthetics, improved function and occlusal stability were obtained after oral rehabilitation. The patient has attended annual follow-ups for the past 2 years. The multidisciplinary treatment seems to be the key for a successful rehabilitation of severe cases of dental wear involving the association of different health disorders

How can sexual difference make a difference : remarks on what could sexual difference be

Este artigo procura experimentar com a noção de diferença sexual, tentando dar-lhe outras roupagens, a partir de críticas que surgem no seio da produção teórica feminista – como as de Monique Wittig e Judith Butler – mas também de tentativas de resgatá-la ou re-significá-la como nos escritos de Luce Irigaray e Rosi Braidotti. Será que a teoria queer e a crítica a política de identidade acabam de vez com o projeto de diferença sexual, ou há algo que sobra _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe article endeavours to experiment with the notion of sexual difference, trying to dress it differently on the basis of the criticisms that came out of some feminist theory – particularly those of Monique Wittig and Judith Butler. It also attempts to rescue it from these criticisms based on the works of Luce Irigaray and Rosi Braidotti. Do queer theory and the criticisms to identity politics leave no more space to the project of sexual difference? Or there is still something that is left out

Inheritance of tolerance to flooded soils in maize

Maize could be an excellent option for crop rotation in flooded areas in southern Brazil. There are, however,few studies on the genetic basis of tolerance to flooding in maize. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritanceof this tolerance based on plant and root dry matter of young maize plants. Maize lines were crossed to form three populationsin the F1, F2, and backcross generations. Tolerance to flooding was assessed over two years in a greenhouse. The performanceof the generations showed the presence of heterosis. The variances in the segregating generations were higher than in the fixedgenerations throughout, indicating genetic variability for plant and root dry matter. The frequency distribution of F2 suggestedthat tolerance to flooding is controlled by many genes of complementary effect

Characterization of wheat germplasm through the cycle and height adaptive characters

A caracterização de variabilidade genética é essencial para qualquer programa de melhoramento. O conhecimento dos genótipos permite que o melhorista planeje seus cruzamentos objetivando a ampliação da variância genética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e agrupar o germoplasma de trigo disponível para o melhorista do Sul do Brasil através dos caracteres adaptativos ciclo e estatura. Foram avaliados 53 genótipos e evidenciada uma redução significativa dos dois caracteres analisados no decorrer das últimas décadas. O agrupamento dos genótipos revelou a formação de cinco grupos principais, constituídos, basicamente, de cultivares da mesma época de recomendação para cultivo.Identification of genetic variability is crucial in any breeding program. The knowledge of genotypes helps the breeder in planning crosses aiming to increase genetic variance. The objective of this study was to identify and cluster useful wheat germplasm through the adaptive characters heading date and plant height. Fifty-three wheat genotypes which revealed a significant decrease of both characters in the last years were evaluated. The dendrogram clustered five groups composed mainly of cultivars of the same era of release

Inheritance of the resistance to phaeosphaeria leaf spot in maize

A mancha-foliar de feosféria tem causado expressiva redução no rendimento de grãos de milho, no Brasil, principalmente, em decorrência da crescente amplitude da data de semeadura, conjugada com o uso de áreas irrigadas e de plantio direto. É importante o desenvolvimento de genótipos resistentes a essa moléstia; porém a realização de uma seleção eficiente depende do entendimento da variabilidade genética e da herança da resistência. Com o objetivo de determinar a capacidade combinatória e o modo de herança do caráter, foram cruzadas sete linhagens de milho, para a realização das análises dialélica e média de gerações. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Município de Xanxerê, SC, sendo avaliada a porcentagem de tecido foliar afetado pela moléstia 30 dias após o florescimento. Os genótipos apresentaram amplitude de 4,3% a 67,0% de área foliar afetada pela moléstia, na qual a linhagem LA06 e seus híbridos demonstraram elevada resistência. Os resultados indicaram que a seleção de genótipos resistentes à feosféria pode ser realizada com sucesso em programas de melhoramento do milho, visto que a manifestação do caráter é controlada por, pelo menos, dois genes independentes e com uma efetiva participação de efeitos aditivos.Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) has caused an expressive reduction in the corn grain yield in Brazil. The increment in sowing date amplitude, conjugated with the use of irrigated areas and zero tillage, had major contribution in the increase of phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) incidence and severity. For this reason, it is important to develop resistant genotypes to this disease; however, an efficient selection depends upon the understanding of the genetic variability and inheritance of the resistance. Aiming to determine combining ability and the mode of inheritance for PLS, seven corn inbreds were crossed for diallel and generation mean analysis. The experiments were conducted in Xanxerê, SC. Percentage of foliar area affected by the disease was evaluated 30 days after flowering. The genotypes presented amplitude of 4.3% to 67.0% of foliar area affected by PLS. The LA06 and its hybrids showed high level of resistance. Results indicated that selection for PLS resistant genotypes could be successfully accomplished in corn breeding programs. At least two major independent genes were identified with a preponderant participation of addictive effects in the inheritance of the trait

Odnos između dermatoglifske konfiguracije i ACTN3 genotipa u maloljetnih muških atletičara

This study examined whether dermatoglyphic characteristics are associated with the α-actinin isoform 3 (ACTN3) R577X sequence variant, employing descriptive and comparative approaches. Boys (N=82) were classified according to the dermatoglyphic configuration of their digital impressions into the following groups: Anaerobic Power (AP=8); Speed Resistance (SR=44); Pure Force (PF=5), and Aerobic Resistance (AR=25). All of the AP group subjects (9.76% of the subjects) had a genetic predisposition for anaerobic power performance, with 37.5% being RR homozygotes and 62.5% being RX heterozygotes. The dermatoglyphic profiles, correlated with the ALW fingerprint formulas, classified the SR group (53.66% of the subjects) as having speed resistance. The PF group (6.09% of the subjects) notably all had AL fingerprints and an absence of W. Finally, the AR group (30.49% of the subjects) had a predisposition for aerobic capacity. In conclusion, dermatoglyphic features can be associated with the R577X allelic variant of the ACTN3 gene, as much through anaerobic muscle power profiling as through the ACTN3 genotype.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je istražiti postoji li odnos između dermatoglifskih karakteristika i α-aktinin izomorf 3 (ACTN3) R577X varijante. U istraživanju su korišteni deskriptivni i komparativni pristup. Dječaci (N = 82) su klasificirani u skupine na temelju dermatoglifske konfiguracije njihovih digitalnih otisaka na sljedeći način: anaerobna snaga (AP = 8), otpornost pri brzini (SR = 44), čista snaga (PF = 5) i aerobna otpornost (AR = 25). Svi sudionici iz skupine AP (9,76% sudionika) imali su gensku predispoziciju za izvedbu za koju je potrebna anaerobna snaga. Od toga je 37 (5%) bilo homozigotna i 62.5% heterozigotna genotipa. Dermatoglifski profili u korelaciji s formulama otiska prstiju iznjedrili su klasifikaciju SR skupine (53.66% sudionika) kao skupinu s otpornošću pri brzini. Svi sudionici PF skupine (6.09% svih sudionika) imali su Al otiske prstiju i odsutnost W. Na kraju, AR skupina (30.49% svih sudionika) je imala predispoziciju za aerobni kapacitet. Zaključak je da dermatoglifske karakteristike mogu biti povezane s R577X aleličkom varijantom ACTN3 gena, profiliranjem anaerobne mišićne mase, kao i ACTN3 genotipa

Odnos između dermatoglifske konfiguracije i ACTN3 genotipa u maloljetnih muških atletičara

This study examined whether dermatoglyphic characteristics are associated with the α-actinin isoform 3 (ACTN3) R577X sequence variant, employing descriptive and comparative approaches. Boys (N=82) were classified according to the dermatoglyphic configuration of their digital impressions into the following groups: Anaerobic Power (AP=8); Speed Resistance (SR=44); Pure Force (PF=5), and Aerobic Resistance (AR=25). All of the AP group subjects (9.76% of the subjects) had a genetic predisposition for anaerobic power performance, with 37.5% being RR homozygotes and 62.5% being RX heterozygotes. The dermatoglyphic profiles, correlated with the ALW fingerprint formulas, classified the SR group (53.66% of the subjects) as having speed resistance. The PF group (6.09% of the subjects) notably all had AL fingerprints and an absence of W. Finally, the AR group (30.49% of the subjects) had a predisposition for aerobic capacity. In conclusion, dermatoglyphic features can be associated with the R577X allelic variant of the ACTN3 gene, as much through anaerobic muscle power profiling as through the ACTN3 genotype.Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je istražiti postoji li odnos između dermatoglifskih karakteristika i α-aktinin izomorf 3 (ACTN3) R577X varijante. U istraživanju su korišteni deskriptivni i komparativni pristup. Dječaci (N = 82) su klasificirani u skupine na temelju dermatoglifske konfiguracije njihovih digitalnih otisaka na sljedeći način: anaerobna snaga (AP = 8), otpornost pri brzini (SR = 44), čista snaga (PF = 5) i aerobna otpornost (AR = 25). Svi sudionici iz skupine AP (9,76% sudionika) imali su gensku predispoziciju za izvedbu za koju je potrebna anaerobna snaga. Od toga je 37 (5%) bilo homozigotna i 62.5% heterozigotna genotipa. Dermatoglifski profili u korelaciji s formulama otiska prstiju iznjedrili su klasifikaciju SR skupine (53.66% sudionika) kao skupinu s otpornošću pri brzini. Svi sudionici PF skupine (6.09% svih sudionika) imali su Al otiske prstiju i odsutnost W. Na kraju, AR skupina (30.49% svih sudionika) je imala predispoziciju za aerobni kapacitet. Zaključak je da dermatoglifske karakteristike mogu biti povezane s R577X aleličkom varijantom ACTN3 gena, profiliranjem anaerobne mišićne mase, kao i ACTN3 genotipa