Use of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment without an accurate previous separation

The aim of this work it to develop recycling strategies for Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS), coming from plastic WEEE stream, avoiding sorting by type. Self-compatibilization of ABS/HIPS blends, as well as the addition of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) as a compatibilizer to ABS/HIPS blends in order to improve mechanical properties, were studied. In this way, thermal behavior, mechanical performance and morphology of ABS/HIPS physical blends with two different proportions, 80/20 and 50/50, was analyzed comparatively with single ABS to assess self-compatibilization effectiveness. Obtained results indicate that ABS/HIPS self-compatibilization is effective. ABS can tolerate up to 50 wt% of HIPS conserving its properties with a slight improvement in ductility and strength. This allows a wider error in plastic sorting by type within plastic WEEE stream and consequently costs can be reduced. Same blends proportions with the addition of 2 wt% of SBS was also studied in comparison to their physical blends and single ABS. Mechanical properties of SBS-compatibilized blends were notably improved with respect to physical blends and consequently to ABS. Results are very promising for plastic WEEE recycling leading to a sustainable strategy that can promote the reuse of recycled ABS blended with other plastic WEEE instead of single ABS.Fil: Vazquez, Yamila Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Barbosa, Silvia Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Comparative analysis of crystallization behavior induced by different mineral fillers in polypropylene nanocomposites

A comparative analysis of crystallization behavior induced by several mineral fillers in polypropylene nanocomposites was performed. Morphological changes and thermal properties of nanocomposites were evaluated, considering the influence of shape, crystalline morphology, and concentration of mineral particles. For this study, hydrated magnesium silicates with different particle morphologies, such as platelets (talc) and fibers (sepiolite), were used for nanocomposites. In addition, to analyze the effect of mineral crystallinity on nanocomposites, talc and sepiolite from different origin and genesis were selected. Nanocomposites were compounded and injection molded, using different filler concentration (0, 1, and 3% w/w) for each mineral particle. To evaluate the particle influence on nanocomposite crystallinity, X-ray diffraction was used to determine crystalline phases and crystal orientation, meanwhile differential scanning calorimetry was performed to obtain thermal properties. Main results revealed that talc has a higher nucleating effect on polypropylene matrix than sepiolite fibers, regardless of their origin and genesis. Meanwhile, a transcrystalline layer that surrounds the fiber surface is observed for nanocomposite containing sepiolite. Moreover, Argentinean talc induces different crystalline phases in nanocomposite with respect to Australian one, which partly influences on mechanical properties.Fil: Castillo, Luciana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Barbosa, Silvia Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Morphological and Physicochemical Properties of Macrocrystalline Talc from Argentine

A detailed petrographical, mineralogical, morphological, geochemical and physicochemical characterization of talc from an Argentinean ore is presented. This deposit is located in the San Juan province at the foothills of the Andes. Characterization was performed on rock and milled talc using different techniques including polarized light microscopy, transmission electron and scanning microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), chemical analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size determination by laser diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, and colorimetry. A mineral sample contains approximately 80 wt% talc. Associated minerals such as carbonates as veins and chlorite interlaminated with talc were detected. Carbonates are calcite, dolomite and magnesite, as was corroborated by FTIR. Morphology and crystallinity were assessed by XRD data, obtaining a morphological index of 0.79 which indicates the macrocrystalline character. Crystalline habits of associated minerals were recognized by SEM, detecting their constitutive elements by EDX. Talc color parameters are L* = 82.76, a* = −1.50, and b* = 5.38. The slight yellowing could be attributed to chlorite or traces of Fe oxides. Although the whiteness index (62.12) impedes its commercialization as a high-priced mineral, this kind of talc can be used as an additive for polymers, since it would offer a high reinforcing effect (improvement of mechanical properties).Fil: Barbosa, Silvia Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Luciana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Interacciones medicamentosas de antimicrobianos utilizados en trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas

This study analyzed potential drug interactions (PDIs) of antimicrobials used in patients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and identified associated factors. The sample consisted of 70 patients admitted to a hospital in São Paulo. The PDIs were analyzed through the consultation of the Drug Interactions Facts and Drug Interactions Handbook. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. Half of the sample was exposed to 13 PDIs, which occurred with fluconazole (53.8%), ciprofloxacin (30.8%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (15.4%). Most (92.3%) were of moderate severity, with good evidence (61.6%), early delayed effect (61.5%) and need to have their therapy monitored (76.9%). Patients with four or more medications (p<0.001), aged between 40-49 years of age (p <0.001), and being male (p<0.001) were associated with PDIs. A PDI may result in adverse outcomes, impacting patients' morbidity and mortality. Combination regimens can be safe, provided there is careful monitoring by professionals involved in care delivery.Neste estudo, analisaram-se as interações medicamentosas potenciais (IMP) de antimicrobianos, usados em pacientes submetidos a transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas e foram identificdos os fatores associados às IMPs. A casuística foi composta por 70 pacientes internados em hospital do município de São Paulo. As IMPs foram analisadas através da consulta ao Drug Interactions Facts e Drug Interactions Handbook. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e regressão logística. Metade da amostra foi exposta a 13 IMPs, que ocorreram com fluconazol (53,8%), ciprofloxacina (30,8%) e sulfametoxazol+trimetoprima (15,4%). A maioria (92,3%) apresentou gravidade moderada, início de efeito demorado (61,5%) e necessidade de monitorar a terapia (76,9%). Quatro ou mais medicamentos (p<0,001), idade 40-49 anos (p<0,001), sexo masculino (p<0,001) foram associados ao risco de IMP. As implicações das IMPs podem resultar em desfechos adversos, causando impacto na morbimortalidade do paciente. Os regimes combinados podem ser seguros, desde que haja monitoramento criterioso por parte dos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado.El estudio analizó interacciones medicamentosas potenciales (IMP) de antimicrobianos usados en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas e identificó los factores asociados las IMP. La casuística fue compuesta por 70 pacientes internados en un Hospital de Sao Paulo. Las IMP fueron a través de la consulta al Drug Interactions Facts y Drug Interactions Handbook. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y regresión logística. Mitad de la muestra fue expuesta a 13 IMP, que ocurrieron con fluconazol (53,8%), ciprofloxacina (30,8%) y sulfametoxazol+trimetoprima (15,4%). La mayoría (92,3%) presentó gravedad moderada, inicio de efecto demorado (61,5%) y necesidad de monitorizar la terapia (76,9%). Cuatro o más medicamentos (p<0,001), edad entre 40 y 49 años (p<0,001) y sexo masculino (p<0,001), fueron asociados al riesgo de IMP. Las implicaciones de las IMP pueden resultar en resultados adversos, causando impacto en la morbimortalidad del paciente. Los regímenes combinados pueden ser seguros, desde que exista monitorización cuidadosa por parte de los profesionales envueltos en el cuidado

Interações medicamentosas de antimicrobianos utilizados em transplante de células-tronco hematopoéticas

This study analyzed potential drug interactions (PDIs) of antimicrobials used in patients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and identified associated factors. The sample consisted of 70 patients admitted to a hospital in São Paulo. The PDIs were analyzed through the consultation of the Drug Interactions Facts and Drug Interactions Handbook. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used. Half of the sample was exposed to 13 PDIs, which occurred with fluconazole (53.8%), ciprofloxacin (30.8%) and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (15.4%). Most (92.3%) were of moderate severity, with good evidence (61.6%), early delayed effect (61.5%) and need to have their therapy monitored (76.9%). Patients with four or more medications (pEl estudio analizó interacciones medicamentosas potenciales (IMP) de antimicrobianos usados en pacientes sometidos a trasplante de células madre hematopoyéticas e identificó los factores asociados las IMP. La casuística fue compuesta por 70 pacientes internados en un Hospital de Sao Paulo. Las IMP fueron a través de la consulta al Drug Interactions Facts y Drug Interactions Handbook. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva y regresión logística. Mitad de la muestra fue expuesta a 13 IMP, que ocurrieron con fluconazol (53,8%), ciprofloxacina (30,8%) y sulfametoxazol+trimetoprima (15,4%). La mayoría (92,3%) presentó gravedad moderada, inicio de efecto demorado (61,5%) y necesidad de monitorizar la terapia (76,9%). Cuatro o más medicamentos (pNeste estudo, analisaram-se as interações medicamentosas potenciais (IMP) de antimicrobianos, usados em pacientes submetidos a transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas e foram identificdos os fatores associados às IMPs. A casuística foi composta por 70 pacientes internados em hospital do município de São Paulo. As IMPs foram analisadas através da consulta ao Drug Interactions Facts e Drug Interactions Handbook. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e regressão logística. Metade da amostra foi exposta a 13 IMPs, que ocorreram com fluconazol (53,8%), ciprofloxacina (30,8%) e sulfametoxazol+trimetoprima (15,4%). A maioria (92,3%) apresentou gravidade moderada, início de efeito demorado (61,5%) e necessidade de monitorar a terapia (76,9%). Quatro ou mais medicamentos (

Rate coefficient for the reaction of Cl atoms with cis-3-hexene at 296 ± 2 K

The rate coefficient of the cis-3-hexene + Cl atoms reaction at 296 ± 2 K and 750 ± 10 Torr was determined using the relative rate technique. The reaction was investigated using an 80 L Teflon reaction bag and a gas chromatograph coupled with flame-ionization detection. Chlorine atoms were produced by the photolysis of trichloroacetyl chloride. No previous experimental data was available in the literature, to the best of our knowledge. The mean second-order rate coefficient value found was (4.13 ± 0.51) × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. The experimental value agrees with the rate coefficient estimated by structure-reactivity analysis, 4.27 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Moreover, both addition and hydrogen abstraction channels contribute to the global kinetics, with branching ratios 70:30. Effective lifetime with respect to Cl atoms is predicted as 67.2 hours; however, the cis-3-hexene + Cl channel is suggested to be non-negligible at atmospheric conditions. Other atmospheric implications are discussed.Fil: Barbosa, Thaís S.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Barrera, Javier Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Jara Toro, Rafael Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bauerfeldt, Glauco F.. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Arbilla, Graciela. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Lane, Silvia Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentin

O poder de Zeferina no Quilombo do Urubu

Sem resumo

Study of paintability of polypropylene/talc nanocomposites

En este trabajo se propone la inclusión de partículas minerales en películas a base de polipropileno (PP) para incrementar su pintabilidad. Para tales efectos, se aplicaron diferentes clases de pinturas comerciales en aerosol sobre películas de nanocompuestos a base de PP conteniendo 0, 1 y 5% p/p de talco. El grado de cubrimiento y homogeneidad de las pinturas sobre las películas se observó mediante microscopía óptica, en tanto que la adhesión de la pintura a la superficie polimérica se evaluó mediante ensayos bajo norma ASTM. De todas las pinturas analizadas, los mejores resultados de adhesión se obtuvieron con los aerosoles para plásticos y acrílicos. Sin embargo, la presencia de las nanopartículas de talco indujo mejoras en la adhesión pintura-película para el caso de los aerosoles que no son apropiados para aplicar sobre superficies plásticas, tal es el caso de los de secado rápido y para melamina.In this work the incorporation of mineral particles in films based on polypropylene (PP) to increase their paintability, is proposed. For this purpose, several kinds of commercial spray paints were applied on nanocomposite films based on PP containing 0, 1 and 5% w/w of talc. The coating degree and homogeneity of the paints on the films was observed by optical microscopy, meanwhile the paint adhesion to the polymeric surface was evaluated using ASTM standard tests. From all analyzed paints, the best adhesion results were obtained with sprays for plastics and acrylics. However, the presence of talc nanoparticles induced improvements on paint-film adhesion for spray paints that are not suitable for application on plastic surfaces, such as quick dry and melamine paints.Fil: Amaya, Tomás. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Luciana Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Barbosa, Silvia Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Mistä on hyvät à la carte tarjoilijat tehty?

Ammattitaitoisen henkilökunnan löytäminen on vaikeaa. Erityisesti suurien ikäluokkien jäädessä pois työelämästä tulee henkilökunnan löytämisestä entistä vaikeampaa. Tämän opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli kartoittaa mistä on hyvä à la carte tarjoilija tehty. Tutkimuksessa selvitetään millainen oli hänen koulutustaustansa, työhistoriansa, ammattitaitonsa, miten hänet on rekrytoitu yritykseen ja mistä hän sai motivaation tehdä työtä vaativissa olosuhteissa. Tutkimuksen teoreettisessa osuudessa syvennyttiin ammattitaidon, motivaation ja rekrytointiprosessin teoreettisen perustaan. Oli haastavaa hahmottaa miten ammattitaitoa voi mitata ja mistä ammattitaito rakentuu. Tämän vuoksi avasin opinnäytetyössäni ammattitaidon kvalifikaatioiden ja kompetenssin avulla. Rekrytointiprosessista käsittelin niin ulkoista kuin sisäistä rekrytointia. Toin myös esille minkälaisessa tilanteessa ammattitaitoinen työntekijä on tällä hetkellä. Tulevaisuuden tuomat haasteet ja motivaatio ovat myös oleellisia asioita opinnäytetyön kannalta. Tutkimuksen suoritin laadullisella tutkimustavalla. Haastattelut tein käyttäen eri teemoja ja nauhoitin ne. Avasin haastattelut litteroimalla ne kirjoitettuun muotoon. Analysointi tapahtui vertaamalla haastatteluissa ilmenneitä asioita teoriaan. Tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan sanoa, että hyvät à la carte tarjoilijat on tehty etenkin vahvasta ammattitaidosta ja halusta palvella asiakkaita. Asiakkaiden rooli nousi eniten esille tutkimuksesta. Koulutuksella ja uravalinnoilla ei ollut niin suurta merkitystä tarjoilijan osaamiseenFinding a skilful staff is rather difficult nowadays. Especially now when the baby boom generation is getting retired the problem of finding skilful staff will grow even more. The aim of this thesis was to survey from which circumstances is a good à la carte waiter. The research focused on finding out about the waiter’s edu-cation, recent positions, professional skills, how is he recruited on the latest posi-tion and where did he get the motivation to work in the laborious field of hospital-ity. The theoretical part of the research went deeper on professional skills, motivation and recruiting process. It was challenging to perceive how to measure professional skills and from which part was is it build from. This is one of the reasons why I determined professional skills with qualifications and competence. Recruiting process was defined with internal and external recruiting. I also studied the recent situation of professional employee in hospitality industry. Motivation and chal-lenges of future were also relevant cases for the thesis The research was qualitative. I taped the interviews and used theme interview as a research method. After the interviews I transcribed them into written form. I ana-lyzed the transcriptions by comparing it into the theory. According to the results of the research the circumstances from where the good à la carte waiters are build is a strong professional skills and the will of serve cus-tomers. The role of customers for à la carte waiter came to be one of the most im-portant things about this research. Education and recent positions didn’t have so much impact on fine à la carte waiter

El proceso de salud-enfermedad-cuidado y la lógica en el trabajo del enfermero en UCI

Este estudio pretende conocer la lógica de producción en salud en la UCI basado en lo que es expresado - defendido por el enfermero dentro de su práctica profesional, la cual es reconocida por los familiares que acompañan a los pacientes internados. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa con orientación dialéctica, realizada con 7 enfermeros y 5 familiares de una UCI de adultos dentro de un hospital universitario de Santa Catarina. El referencial teórico-filosófico escogido se basó en lecturas marxistas y gramscianas. Los resultados demuestran que la lógica de producción en salud en UCI se encuentra incluida dentro de una red compleja, la cual se da dentro de un ritmo dialéctico basado en autonomía, dependencia y co-responsabilidad para con el cuidado. Comprendemos que la realidad refleja la necesidad de repensar sobre el saber y las prácticas profesionales promoviendo la constante reformulación y transformación de los cuidados intensivos dentro del contexto asistencial.O presente estudo pretende conhecer a lógica da produção de saúde na UTI com base no discurso defendido pelo enfermeiro e na prática profissional que efetivamente é reconhecida pelos familiares acompanhantes dos pacientes internados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, de orientação dialética, realizada com 7 enfermeiros e 5 familiares em uma UTI de adultos de um hospital universitário de Santa Catarina. O referencial teórico-filosófico baseou-se em leituras marxistas e gramscianas. Os resultados mostram que a lógica da produção de saúde na UTI está inserida em uma complexa teia que se move em um ritmo dialético de autonomia, dependência e co-responsabilização para o cuidado. Entendemos que essa realidade possa demonstrar a necessidade de repensar saberes e práticas profissionais para promover a constante reformulação e transformação do contexto assistencial de cuidados intensivos.The present study aims to learn the health production logic in the ICU based on the discourse defended by nurses and on the professional practice that is recognized by the relatives accompanying the hospitalized patients. This is a qualitative and dialectic investigation performed with seven nurses and five relatives in an ICU for adults of a teaching hospital in Santa Catarina. The theoretical-philosophical referential was based on Marxist and Gramscians readings. The results show that the logic of the health production in the ICU is inserted in a dialectic rhythm of autonomy, dependence and co-responsibility for the care. We understand that this reality can demonstrate the need to rethink the knowledge and practices to promote the constant re-formularization and transformation of the assistant context of intensive care