Melhoria de processos críticos numa empresa de transporte

Versão final (Esta versão contém as críticas e sugestões dos elementos do júri)O negócio de transportes é um negócio onde o “Know-how” não é segredo. As empresas envolvidas neste mercado sabem como é que os seus concorrentes executam um certo tipo de serviço. O que difere as empresas e o que as mantêm competitivas é o nível de eficiência de como o serviço é executado. O poder negocial das empresas inseridas neste mercado sobre os seus gastos é bastante reduzido e sobre o preço de mercado, é praticamente nulo devido à grande diversidade de oferta. Todos estes fatores criaram a necessidade de procurar mais-valias a nível interno, eliminar desperdícios, melhorar os processos relacionados com a execução do serviço, reduzindo assim a probabilidade de falha e os custos derivados do processo o que consequentemente aumentará a margem de rentabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho é a melhoria do processo “Transporte” através da aplicação da metodologia BPMN, introduzindo um conjunto de ferramentas lean e incutindo os conceitos lean e de melhoria contínua na empresa. O processo “ Transporte” é um processo core da empresa que contempla as fases essenciais na execução do serviço. Para a sua compreensão, uma análise SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) foi elaborada com base no diagnóstico e levantamento do processo. O estudo deste processo é realizado com base na metodologia BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) começando pela análise da situação atual, dando origem ao designado modelo AS-IS. Após o seu estudo e identificação de ineficiências, são apresentadas um conjunto de melhorias (traduzidas em ações) expondo assim a situação desejável para o processo, concebendo o designado modelo TO-BE. Por forma a monitorizar e fomentar a melhoria contínua do processo “Transporte” foram definidos indicadores de desempenho. Priorizando ações sobre o principal operador do processo, o gestor de frota, reduzindo as suas tarefas e otimizando o seu tempo através do aumento da eficiência na utilização das ferramentas de gestão e monitorização da frota. O conjunto de ações propostas visa melhorar os processos internos da empresa, através da redução de desperdícios, normalização e redução de tarefas, introdução e otimização de ferramentas e definir indicadores de desempenho que permitam a monotorização dos processos e que auxiliem a tomada de decisão, fomentando a melhoria contínua, não só a nível de processos, mas também modificar paradigmas de pensamento e padrões culturais. Como trabalho futuro, será proposto a implementação do modelo TO-BE proposto, começando pelas ações com maior impacto no modelo de negócio, quer a nível estratégico como operacional.El negocio del transporte es un negocio donde el "Know-how" no es un secreto. Las empresas que participan en este mercado saben cómo sus competidores realizan un determinado tipo de servicio. Lo que diferencia a las empresas y lo que las mantiene competitivas es el nivel de eficiencia en la ejecución del servicio. El poder de negociación de las empresas insertas en este mercado sobre sus gastos es bastante reducido y sobre el precio de mercado, es prácticamente nulo debido a la gran diversidad de la oferta. Todos estos factores han creado la necesidad de buscar plusvalías internas, eliminar el desperdicio, mejorar los procesos relacionados con la ejecución del servicio, reduciendo así la probabilidad de fracaso y los costos derivados del proceso, lo que consecuentemente aumentará el margen de rentabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es la mejora del proceso de "Transporte" a través de la aplicación de la metodología BPMN, introduciendo un conjunto de herramientas lean e incitando los conceptos de lean y mejora continua en la empresa. El proceso de "Transporte" es un proceso central de la empresa que contempla las fases esenciales en la ejecución del servicio. Para su comprensión, se desarrolló un análisis SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) basado en el diagnóstico y estudio del proceso. El estudio de este proceso se basa en la metodología BPMN (Business Process Model and Notation) a partir del análisis de la situación actual, dando lugar al denominado modelo AS-IS. Tras su estudio e identificación de ineficiencias, se presentan un conjunto de mejoras (traducidas en acciones), exponiendo así la situación deseable para el proceso, concibiendo el modelo designado TO-BE. A fin de supervisar y alentar el mejoramiento continuo del proceso de "Transporte", se han definido indicadores de rendimiento. Priorizando las acciones sobre el principal operador del proceso, el administrador de la flota, reduciendo sus tareas y optimizando su tiempo mediante el aumento de la eficiencia en el uso de los instrumentos de gestión y vigilancia de la flota. El conjunto de acciones propuestas tiene como objetivo mejorar los procesos internos de la empresa, reduciendo el desperdicio, estandarizando y reduciendo las tareas, introduciendo y optimizando herramientas y definiendo indicadores de desempeño que permitan el monitoreo de los procesos y ayuden a la toma de decisiones, fomentando la mejora continua, no sólo a nivel de proceso, sino también cambiando los paradigmas de pensamiento y los patrones culturales. Como labor futura, se propondrá la aplicación del modelo TO-BE propuesto, comenzando por las medidas de mayor impacto en el modelo comercial, tanto a nivel estratégico como operacional.The transport business is a business where "Know-how" is no secret. The companies involved in this market know how their competitors perform a certain type of service. What differentiates companies and what keeps them competitive is the level of efficiency of how the service is executed. The bargaining power of the companies inserted in this market on their expenses is quite reduced and on the market price, it is practically null due to the great diversity of offer. All these factors have created the need to seek internal capital gains, eliminate waste, improve processes related to the execution of the service, thus reducing the probability of failure and the costs derived from the process which will consequently increase the profitability margin. The objective of this work is the improvement of the "Transportation" process through the application of BPMN methodology, introducing a set of lean tools and inciting the concepts of lean and continuous improvement in the company. The "Transportation" process is a core process of the company that contemplates the essential phases in the execution of the service. For your understanding, a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) has been developed based on the diagnosis and survey of the process. The study of this process is based on the BPMN methodology (Business Process Model and Notation) starting with the analysis of the current situation, giving rise to the so-called AS-IS model. After its study and identification of inefficiencies, a set of improvements (translated into actions) are presented, thus exposing the desirable situation for the process, conceiving the designated TO-BE model. In order to monitor and encourage continuous improvement of the "Transport" process performance indicators have been defined Prioritizing actions over the main operator of the process, the fleet manager, reducing its tasks and optimizing its time by increasing the efficiency in the use of fleet management and monitoring tools. The set of proposed actions aims to improve the company's internal processes, by reducing waste, standardizing and reducing tasks, introducing and optimizing tools and defining performance indicators that allow the monitoring of processes and help decision making, fostering continuous improvement, not only at the process level, but also changing thinking paradigms and cultural patterns. As future work, the implementation of the proposed TO-BE model will be proposed, starting with the actions with the greatest impact on the business model, both at the strategic and operational levels

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2007

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit