Painful Hemiplegic Shoulder: From Prevention to Treatment

O ombro doloroso do hemiplégico pode surgir entre duas semanas e quatro meses após o acidente vascular cerebral. Apresenta elevada incidência e tem frequentemente etiologia multifatorial. O seu tratamento constitui um desafio na prática clínica, sendo por vezes a resposta terapêutica pobre, comprometendo os resultados do programa de reabilitação. A abordagem estruturada poderá ajudar a uma melhor resposta terapêutica e contribuir para o sucesso da reabilitação e qualidade de vida do doente. Este trabalho pretende sistematizar a abordagem terapêutica do ombro doloroso do hemiplégico de acordo com os níveis de evidência existentes.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Structure characterization and mechanism of growth of PbTe nanocrystals embedded in a silicate glass

A nanocomposite consisting of PbTe nanocrystals embedded in a silicate glass was studied by small-angle x-ray scattering during the early stage of isothermal annealing at 793 K. A theoretical function based on a model of spherical PbTe nanocrystals surrounded by a Pb and Te depleted shell fits well to all experimental curves. The time dependences of the nanocrystal radius and size of the depleted shell agree with the prediction of the theory of nucleation and growth by the classical mechanism of atomic diffusion.892

Highly improved sensitivity of TS-FF-AAS for Cd(II) determination at ng L-1 levels using a simple flow injection minicolumn preconcentration system with multiwall carbon nanotubes

A new method for cadmium determination at ng L-1 levels is described. The method is based on the on-line coupling of a flow preconcentration system using multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as sorbent with TS-FF-AAS determination. Cadmium preconcentration was at pH 4.9 onto an MWCNT minicolumn (30 mg) for 2 min at a 5.0 mL min(-1) flow rate. The elution step is performed by using 0.5 mol L-1 HNO3 and the cadmium desorbed is directly pumped to a TS-FF-AAS. All experimental parameters that play important roles in system performance were evaluated and optimized by means of fractional factorial designs and response surface methodology. The excellent characteristics of MWCNT as sorbent, mainly owing to its high surface area, make it possible to obtain a preconcentration factor of 51-fold, thus improving the detection and quanti. cation limits in TS-FF-AAS, 11.4 and 38.1 ng L-1, respectively. When the flow preconcentration system, FI-TS-FF-AAS, was compared with FAAS alone, an increase in the sensitivity of 640-fold was obtained. The calibration graph was linear with a correlation coefficent higher than 0.999 from 38.1 to 1250 ng L-1. Repeatability of the measurements (n = 10), assessed as relative standard deviation (RSD), was found to be 6.5 and 2.1% for cadmium concentrations of 100 and 1000 ng L-1, respectively. Important parameters to characterize the flow preconcentration system were also evaluated, the consumption index being 0.196 mL, the concentration efficiency 25.5 min(-1) and the sample throughput 20 samples per hour. In order to demonstrate the accuracy of the system, addition and recovery studies in water samples (mineral water, tap water and river water) and cigarette samples were carried out. Moreover, for the same purpose, cadmium was determined in certified biological materials (Bovine Liver and Rye Grass), giving an average result in close agreement with the certified value.21111305131

SEASONAL VARIATIONS, METAL DISTRIBUTION AND WATER QUALITY IN THE TODOS OS SANTOS RIVER, SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL: A MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS

In aquatic habitats, metal contamination from natural and anthropogenic sources continues to pose a concern for human and environmental health. Thus, it is important to complete monitoring studies to assess patterns and the extent of metal contamination in these ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of 31 chemical elements and water quality parameters of the Todos os Santos River located in the Mucuri Valley, Minas Gerais, Brazil and use multivariate statistical analyses to determine any seasonal and spatial patterns in the data. Results demonstrated that metals including Al, Fe, and Ni exceeded Brazilian and international guidelines for these elements with nutrients such as P also exceeding water quality standards. Principal components analysis indicated distinct geographical and seasonal patterns for multiple elements with hierarchical cluster analysis confirming the observed spatial patterns of contamination in the Todos os Santos River

Structure of PbTe(SiO2)/SiO2 multilayers deposited on Si(111)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The structure of thin films composed of a multilayer of PbTe nanocrystals embedded in SiO2, named as PbTe(SiO2), between homogeneous layers of amorphous SiO2 deposited on a single-crystal Si( 111) substrate was studied by grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) as a function of PbTe content. PbTe(SiO2)/SiO2 multilayers were produced by alternately applying plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition and pulsed laser deposition techniques. From the analysis of the experimental GISAXS patterns, the average radius and radius dispersion of PbTe nanocrystals were determined. With increasing deposition dose the size of the PbTe nanocrystals progressively increases while their number density decreases. Analysis of the GISAXS intensity profiles along the normal to the sample surface allowed the determination of the period parameter of the layers and a structure parameter that characterizes the disorder in the distances between PbTe layers. (C) 2010 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved433385393Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS)PRONEXConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Protein transport into peroxisomes: Knowns and unknowns

Peroxisomal matrix proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes and rapidly transported into the organelle by a complex machinery. The data gathered in recent years suggest that this machinery operates through a syringe-like mechanism, in which the shuttling receptor PEX5 - the “plunger” - pushes a newly synthesized protein all the way through a peroxisomal transmembrane protein complex - the “barrel” - into the matrix of the organelle. Notably, insertion of cargo-loaded receptor into the “barrel” is an ATP-independent process, whereas extraction of the receptor back into the cytosol requires its monoubiquitination and the action of ATP-dependent mechanoenzymes. Here, we review the main data behind this model.We would like to thank Dr. Marc Fransen (KU Leuven) for his critical reading of the manuscript. This work was financed by FEDER - Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional, funds through the COMPETE 2020 - Operacional Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal 2020, and by Portuguese funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministerio da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação in the framework of the projects “Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences” (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274) and “Themolecular mechanisms of peroxisome biogenesis” (PTDC/BEX-BCM/2311/2014), and through Norte 2020–Programa Operacional Regional do Norte, under the application of the “Porto Neurosciences and Neurologic Disease Research Initiative at i3S (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000008).” T.F., T.A.R., A.F.D., A.B.B., and D.B. were supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Programa Operacional Potencial Humano do QREN and Fundo Social Europeu

The peroxisomal matrix protein translocon is a large cavity-forming protein assembly into which PEX5 protein enters to release its cargo

A remarkable property of the machinery for import of peroxisomal matrix proteins is that it can accept already folded proteins as substrates. This import involves binding of newly synthesized proteins by cytosolic peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) followed by insertion of the PEX5– cargo complex into the peroxisomal membrane at the docking/translocation module (DTM). However, how these processes occur remains largely unknown. Here, we used truncated PEX5 molecules to probe the DTM architecture. We found that the DTM can accommodate a larger number of truncated PEX5 molecules comprising amino acid residues 1–197 than full-length PEX5 molecules. A shorter PEX5 version (PEX5(1–125)) still interacted correctly with the DTM; however, this species was largely accessible to exoge-nously added proteinase K, suggesting that this protease can access the DTM occupied by a small PEX5 protein. Interestingly, the PEX5(1–125)–DTM interaction was inhibited by a polypeptide comprising PEX5 residues 138 – 639. Apparently, the DTM can recruit soluble PEX5 through interactions with different PEX5 domains, suggesting that the PEX5–DTM interactions are to some degree fuzzy. Finally, we found that the interaction between PEX5 and PEX14, a major DTM component, is stable at pH 11.5. Thus, there is no reason to assume that the hitherto intriguing resistance of DTM-bound PEX5 to alkaline extraction reflects its direct contact with the peroxisomal lipid bilayer. Collectively, these results suggest that the DTM is best described as a large cavity-forming protein assembly into which cytosolic PEX5 can enter to release its cargo.This work was supported in part by Fundo Europeu de Desenvolvimento Regional (FEDER) funds through the COMPETE 2020-Operational Pro-gramme for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), Portugal 2020 and by Portuguese funds through Fundação para a Ciência e a Tec-nologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação in the framework of the projects “Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences” (Grant POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007274) and “The molecular mechanisms of peroxisome biogenesis” (Grant PTDC/BEX-BCM/2311/2014) and through Norte 2020-Programa Operacional Regional do Norte under the application of the “Porto Neurosciences and Neurologic Disease Research Initiative at i3S” (Grant NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000008). The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article

TEORIAS DE ENFERMAGEM: IMPORTÂNCIA DA CORRETA APLICAÇÃO DOS CONCEITOS

Theoretical-reflexive research, whose aim is to analyze the clarity of concept stimulus in the Roy Model, for best comprehension in nursing practice. It was developed in three phases: 1- Search of studies that utilized the Roy Model; 2- Conducted reading for comprehension of the concept stimulus and 3- Analysis of clarity of the concept. The three studies were conducted at master level. The analysis of the studies shows deficiency in the clarity of the concept stimulus, being predominant the ambiguity in the classification and differentiation of the focal and contextual stimuli, without the existence of consistency and uniformity. The need arises to deepen the theories of nursing for adequate application in the areas of research: nursing education and practice, optimizing and improving its use, as well as, enabling the comprehension of determined concepts that are not sufficiently clear. The worries that arise among the nurses will provide a more profound approach to the study, enabling the advance of theories, as well as new findings, leading to necessary changes.  Investigación teórico-reflexiva cuyo objetivo fue analizar la claridad del concepto estímulo según el  modelo de Roy, para mayor comprensión en la práctica de enfermería. Desarrollada en tres etapas: 1ª- Levantamiento de estudios que utilizaron el Modelo de Roy; 2ª - Lectura dirigida hacia la comprensión del concepto estímulo y 3ª - Análisis de la claridad del concepto. Fueron utilizados tres estudios, a  nivel de maestrado. El análisis de los estudios demuestra deficiencia en la claridad del concepto estímulo, predominando ambigüedad en la clasificación y diferenciación de los estímulos focales y contextuales, sin consistencia y uniformidad. Se evidencia la necesidad de profundizar en las teorías de enfermería, para su aplicación adecuada en las áreas de investigación, enseñanza y práctica, optimizando y mejorando su uso, además de posibilitar la comprensión de determinados conceptos no suficientemente claros. Las inquietudes surgidas entre los enfermeros podrán motivar un abordaje más profundo de los estudios, posibilitando el avance de las teorías, así  como nuevos descubrimientos, dirigiendo los cambios necesariosPesquisa teórico-reflexiva, objetivando analisar a clareza do conceito estímulo no modelo de Roy, para maior compreensão na prática de enfermagem. Desenvolvido em três etapas: 1ª- Levantamento de estudos que utilizaram o Modelo de Roy; 2ª - Leitura dirigida para a compreensão do conceito estímulo e 3ª - Análise da clareza do conceito. Foram utilizados três estudos, em nível de mestrado. A análise dos estudos demonstra deficiência na clareza do conceito estímulo, predominando ambigüidade na classificação e diferenciação dos estímulos focais e contextuais, não existindo consistência e uniformidade. Evidencia-se a necessidade do aprofundamento nas teorias de enfermagem, para a aplicação adequada nas áreas de pesquisa, ensino e prática, otimizando e aprimorando seu uso, além de possibilitar a compreensão de determinados conceitos, não suficientemente claros. As inquietações surgidas entre os enfermeiros poderão proporcionar o aprofundamento nos estudos, possibilitando o avanço das teorias, assim como novos achados, direcionando as mudanças necessárias