Stereotyped beliefs about cycles

El objeto central de este artículo es analizar el sistema de creencias desarrollado por un grupo de estudiantes universitarios españoles sobre las repercusiones físicas y anímicas de cuatro ciclicidades bien delimitadas, como son: los días de la semana, el año académico, el tiempo climatológico y el ciclo menstrual. Además de estudiar la influencia específica de las sucesivas fases de cada ciclo, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis comparativo para ver cuáles son los ciclos dominantes, y conocer si hay diferencias significativas entre las mujeres y los varones en cada uno de los ciclos analizados. Tras describir la muestra y el procedimiento utilizado se debaten los resultados, concluyéndose la persistencia actual de creencias generalizadas sobre la afectación de los cuatro ciclos analizados. Finalmente, se comentan algunas limitaciones y se plantean propuestas para la investigación futura.The main aim of this paper is to analyse the belief’s system about physical and psychological influence related to four cycles: days of the week, academic year, weather conditions, and menstrual cycle. Results were obtained firstly, cycle by cycle, analysing significant differences among phases inside each cycle. Secondly, a comparative analysis between the four cycles was carried out, and finally gender differences at each cycle were discussed. After describing participants (Spanish university students), procedure, and obtained results, the main conclusion is to confirm the general belief about the analysed cycles influence. Some limitations and future proposals are suggested

Antioxidant capacity of infant fruit beverages: influence of storage and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] total antioxidant capacity of three beverages based on fruit juice, milk and cereals, intended for infants and young children up to 3 years of age was evaluated by two methods Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Oxygen Radical Absorption Capacity. Results: According to the total antioxidant values obtained by both methods, the beverages can be ranked as follows: grape-orange-banana > peach-apple > pineapple-banana. Ascorbic acid was the main contributor (60%) to the total antioxidant capacity, while the contribution of skimmed milk was less than 1.2%. After one month of storage at -20 ºC, significant losses (p < 0.05) in total antioxidant capacity were found, though these were lower than 3% and therefore lacked nutritional significance. The bioaccessible fractions (maximum soluble fraction in simulated gastrointestinal media) of the beverages, obtained by in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, had antioxidant activities significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the original beverages, though the loss of antioxidant activity was always lower than 19% -thus indicating the stability of the total antioxidant capacity under the applied conditions. Conclusions: The total antioxidant capacity values of the bioaccessible fraction show that most antioxidants are available for absorption after digestion, and might contribute to the beneficial effects attributed to antioxidants

Estrés en graduados y técnicos en cuidados auxiliares de enfermería en las áreas quirúrgicas hospitalarias

Objectives: To analyse the stress level in Nursing Graduates and Healthcare Assistants in surgical areas of the Public Hospitals in Gran Canaria. Material and Methods: Quantitative, descriptive/observational study of cross-sectional prevalence in 143 subjects (Nursing Degree and Healthcare Assistant, henceforth (H.C.A.), in the University Hospital of Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, henceforth U.H.G.C. Dr. Negrín and Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Canarias(Children and maternity care hospital of the Canary Islands), henceforth the C.H.U. Insular-Materno Infantil de Canarias, in the surgery services/operating rooms, Trauma Resuscitation Unit (TRU) , Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (P.A.C.U.), and Major Outpatient Surgery (M.O.S.), from 2016 to 2019. By means of an anonymous and voluntary self-completion survey based on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) from Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., and Mermelstein, R. It was distributed in 14 items, a questionnaire of 19 demographic and socio-labour items was also carried out, applying a cross-sectional design of dependent and independent variables.Results: They show a stress level with a median of 22%. The mean is 21.79, the standard deviation is 7.26, the 25th percentile results in 17%, the 50th percentile is 22% and the 75th percentile is 39%. Total reliability is 0.86 using Cronbach's Alpha.Conclusions: H.C.A. workers and Nursing Graduates from the aforementioned units show a moderate level of stress, but institutions should intervene to minimize it as much as possible.Objetivos: Analizar el nivel de estrés que presentan los Graduados de Enfermería y los Técnicos en Cuidados Auxiliares de Enfermería en las áreas quirúrgicas de los Hospitales Públicos de Gran Canaria.Material y método: Estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo/observacional de prevalencia transversal, de 143 sujetos (Grado de Enfermería y Técnicos en Cuidados Auxiliares de Enfermería, en adelante T.C.A.E.), en Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, en adelante H.U.G.C. Dr. Negrín, y Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Canarias, en adelante C.H.U. Insular-Materno Infantil de Canarias, en los servicios de Quirófano, Unidad de Reanimación y Cuidados Críticos (R.E.A.), Unidad de Recuperación Post-anestésica (U.R.P.A.) y Cirugía Mayor Ambulatoria (C.M.A.), durante los años 2016-2019. Mediante una encuesta autocumplimentada de carácter anónimo y voluntario formado por la Escala de estrés percibido (PSS) de Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., y Mermelstein, R. Dispuesta en 14 ítems, además se realizó un cuestionario de 19 ítems de carácter demográfico y sociolaboral, efectuándose cruce de variables dependientes e independientes.Resultados: Presentan un nivel de estrés con una mediana de 22%. La media es 21.79, la desviación típica 7.26, el percentil 25 da como resultado 17%, el percentil 50 es 22% y el percentil 75 es 39%. La fiabilidad total da como resultado 0.86 en el Alfa de Cronbach.Conclusiones: Los trabajadores TCAE y Graduados de Enfermería, de las unidades mencionadas presentan un nivel moderado de estrés, pero las instituciones deberían intervenir para minimizarlo lo máximo posible

Implementation of pre-exposure prophylaxis programme in Spain. Feasibility of four different delivery models.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective and cost-effective strategy for HIV prevention. Spain carried out an implementation study in order to assess the feasibility of implementing PrEP programmes within its heterogeneous health system. Observational longitudinal study conducted on four different types of health-care setting: a community centre (CC), a sexually transmitted infections clinic (STIC), a hospital-based HIV unit (HBHIVU) and a hospital-based STI unit (HBSTIU). We recruited gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBSM) and transgender women at risk of HIV infections, gave them PrEP and monitored clinical, behavioural PrEP-related and satisfaction information for 52 weeks. We collected perceptions on PrEP implementation feasibility from health-care professionals participating in the study. A total of 321 participants were recruited, with 99.1% being GBMSM. Overall retention was 87.2% and it was highest at the CC (92.6%). Condom use decreased during the study period, while STIs did not increase consistently. The percentage of people who did not miss any doses of PrEP during the previous week remained at over 93%. No HIV seroconversions occurred. We observed overall decreases in GHB (32.5% to 21.8%), cocaine (27.5% to 21.4%), MDMA (25.7% to 14.3%), speed (11.4% to 5.7%) and mephedrone use (10.7% to 5.0%). The overall participant satisfaction with PrEP was 98.6%. Health-care professionals' perceptions of PrEP feasibility were positive, except for the lack of personnel. PrEP implementation is feasible in four types of health-care settings. Local specificities have to be taken into consideration while implementing PrEP.This study has been conducted with the resources from the National AIDS Programme ant those from the participating study centers. Gilead donated the drug administered in the study. Donors had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Some authors are employed by BCN Checkpoint. BCN Checkpoint is a Community Centre run by an NGO. BCN Checkpoint did not play a role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript and only provided financial support in the form of author PC. The specific roles of this author is articulated in the ‘author contributions’ section.S

Single-locus-sequence-based typing of the mgpB gene reveals transmission dynamics in mycoplasma genitalium

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by Mycoplasma genitalium are a major problem worldwide, especially given their marked and rapid propensity for developing antimicrobial resistance. Since very few treatment options exist, clinicians face an important challenge in the management of the infection. In this scenario, little is known regarding the transmission dynamics of M. genitalium and the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance. This mgpB-based molecular typing study, conducted among 54 asymptomatically infected individuals prospectively recruited from an STI screening service, reveals two distinct epidemiological clusters that significantly correlate with sexual conduct in heterosexuals and men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively. This well-defined structuration suggests the presence of two independent sexual networks with little connectivity between them. On the other hand, the study demonstrates the multiclonal feature of the emergence of antibiotic resistance in M. genitalium to both macrolides and fluoroquinolones. The high prevalence of macrolide resistance in M. genitalium among MSM, influenced by dense network connectivity and strong antibiotic selective pressure, may correspond to allodemics affecting other STIs such as gonorrhea, syphilis and enteric pathogens. Collaterally, the structural and functional impact of mutations in the mgpB gene, encoding the major adhesin P140 (MgpB), may require further investigation.This work was partially supported by an “Ayuda SEIMC” grant from the Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (SEIMC)

SilvAdapt.Net: A Site-Based Network of Adaptive Forest Management Related to Climate Change in Spain

[EN] Adaptive forest management (AFM) is an urgent need because of the uncertainty regarding how changes in the climate will affect the structure, composition and function of forests during the next decades. Current research initiatives for the long-term monitoring of impacts of silviculture are scattered and not integrated into research networks, with the consequent losses of opportunities and capacity for action. To increase the scientific and practical impacts of these experiences, it is necessary to establish logical frameworks that harmonize the information and help us to define the most appropriate treatments. In this context, a number of research groups in Spain have produced research achievements and know-how during the last decades that can allow for the improvement in AFM. These groups address the issue of AFM from different fields, such as ecophysiology, ecohydrology and forest ecology, thus resulting in valuable but dispersed expertise. The main objective of this work is to introduce a comprehensive strategy aimed to study the implementation of AFM in Spain. As a first step, a network of 34 experimental sites managed by 14 different research groups is proposed and justified. As a second step, the most important AFM impacts on Mediterranean pines, as one of the most extended natural and planted forest types in Spain, are presented. Finally, open questions dealing with key aspects when attempting to implement an AFM framework are discussed. This study is expected to contribute to better outlining the procedures and steps needed to implement regional frameworks for AFM.A.J. Molina is beneficiary of an "APOSTD" fellowship (APOSTD/2019/111) funded by the Generalitat Valenciana. M. Moreno-de las Heras is beneficiary of a Serra Hunter fellowship (UB-LE-9055) funded by the Generalitat de Catalunya. F.J. Ruiz-Gomez is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the Junta de Andalucia (Sevilla, Spain), and the European Social Fund 2014-2020 Program (DOC_0055). The authors received national and international funding through the following projects: SILVADAPT.NET (RED2018-102719-T), ESPECTRAMED (CGL2017-86161-R), Life-FOREST CO2 (LIFE14 CCM/ES/001271), ALTERACLIM (CGL2015-69773-C2-1-P), INERTIA (PID2019-111332RB-C22-BDV), CEHYRFO-MED (CGL2017-86839-C3-2-R), DEHESACLIM (IB16185), RESILIENTFORESTS (LIFE17 CCA/ES/000063), Rhysotto (PID2019-106583RB-I00), AGL2017-83828C2-2-R, RTI2018-096884-B-C31, ESPAS (CGL2015-65569-R), and caRRRascal (RTI2018-095037-B-I00).Molina Herrera, A.; Navarro Cerrillo, R.; Pérez-Romero, J.; Alejano, R.; Bellot, JF.; Blanco, JA.; Camarero, JJ.... (2021). SilvAdapt.Net: A Site-Based Network of Adaptive Forest Management Related to Climate Change in Spain. Forests. 12(12):1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12121807127121