17 research outputs found
The effects of acute exercise on serum biomarkers in diabetics rats
INTRODUÇÃO: As respostas ao exercício agudo dos biomarcadores, como a fosfatase alcalina (FA) e a creatina quinase (CK) séricas têm sido pouco investigadas em ratos diabéticos. OBJETIVOS: Verificar os efeitos do exercício físico aeróbio agudo sobre as concentrações de CK e FA, bem como, avaliar o estado hídrico em ratos diabéticos experimentais. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos, adultos jovens, distribuídos em dois grupos: diabéticos (DA) e controles (CA). O diabetes foi induzido por meio da administração de aloxana monoidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Duas semanas após confirmação do diabetes, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min, com carga aeróbia (4,5 % do peso corporal). Foram avaliados: glicose, hematócrito, CK, FA, albumina e a cinética de lactato durante o exercício por meio de coletas 25 µL de sangue da cauda dos animais, nos minutos 0, 10, 20 e 30 de exercício. RESULTADOS:
ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Tukey apontaram diminuição significativa dos valores de glicemia após o exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK pós-exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematócrito para ambos os grupos após exercício e manutenção da FA após exercício para o grupo DA. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício agudo aeróbio foi eficiente no controle dos níveis glicêmicos de ratos diabéticos. Entretanto, deve ser aplicado com cautela, pois induziu altos valores de CK, sugerindo possíveis lesões teciduais2013235INTRODUCTION: The responses to acute exercise on biomarkers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) serum levels have been little investigated in diabetic rats. OBJECTIVES:
To investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on the concentrations of CK and ALP as well as evaluating the hydration status in diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Were used male Wistar rats, young adults, divided into two groups: diabetic (DA) and controls (CA). The diabetes was induced in the rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg body weight). Two weeks after confirmation of diabetes, both groups were subjected to an acute swim session for 30 min, with aerobic load (4.5% body weight). Glucose, hematocrit, CK, ALP, albumin and lactate kinetics during exercise were evaluated by collecting 25µL of blood from the tail of the animals in minutes 0, 10, 20 and 30 of exercise. RESULTS: Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and post hoc Tukey test showed significant decrease of glycemia after exercise for the DA group, significant increase in CK after exercise for the DA group, significant increase in hematocrit for both groups after exercise and maintenance of ALP after exercise for the DA group. CONCLUSION: The acute aerobic exercise was effective in controlling glucose levels in diabetic rats. However, it should be applied with caution, because it induced high CK values, suggesting possible tissue damagesem informaçã
A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas
Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema
Comportamento da composição corporal, contagem elucocitária e adipocinas de adolescentes obesos treinados e não treinados
Objective: To analyze the effects of 20 weeks of concurrent training in body composition, concentrations of pro and anti-inflammatory adipokines and leukocyte of obese adolescents of both genders. Methods: The sample consisted of 22 adolescents, with a mean age of 12.7 years (SD = 1.68), classified as obese. Assessment of body composition was performed by means of anthropometry, DEXA and ultrasound, and to assess the concentration of leukocytes and adipokines made biochemical analyzes. The sample was divided into control group and training group. The intervention group was training through the concurrent training, comprising 50 % of the time aerobic exercise and 50 % of the time resistance exercise, during 1 hour/session. Statistical analyzes (descriptive analysis, paired Student t test, Anova factorial, Pearson correlation and linear regression) were performed using SPSS, version 17.0, and statistical significance set at p<0,05. Results: After intervention there were significant changes in body composition, however not observed changes in blood variables. There is correlation between sex and percentage of total and trunk fat and total and android region of lean mass, moreover, the training has added sex ratio with total body mass, total fat mass, android region tissues (lean mass, fat mass and tissue), intra-abdominal fat and monocytes. The concentration of TNF-α correlated with age, weight, fat mass, lean mass and subcutaneous fat and to apply the body composition variables in a linear regression all variables maintained interaction with TNF-α, however, when adjusted for age, weight and sex, only fat mass and lean mass. Regarding the leukocyte count only IL-6 was correlated with cells and remained on the regression model. Conclusion: Obese adolescents submitted to concurrent training presented significant changes in body composition, however, do not change the leukocyte counts. Moreover, body composition variables, particularly fat...Objetivo: Analisar a composição corporal, contagem leucocitária e concentração circulante de adipocinas de adolescentes obesos treinados, submetidos a 20 semanas de treinamento concorrente, e não treinados de ambos os gêneros. Metodologia: Amostra composta por 22 adolescentes, com idade média de 12,7 anos (DP=1,68), classificados como obesos. Realizou-se avaliação de composição corporal por meio da antropometria, densitometria óssea e ultrassonografia, além de leucograma completo e análises de concentrações circulantes de adipocinas. A amostra foi distribuída em grupo controle e grupo treinamento, sendo realizada a intervenção por meio do treinamento concorrente com duração de uma hora/aula. Realizou-se as análises estatísticas por meio da Análise descritiva, Teste t de student pareado, Anova fatorial, correlação de Pearson e regressão linear utilizando o programa SPSS, versão 17.0, e a significância de p<0,05. Resultados: Após intervenção houve modificações significativas na composição corporal, entretanto não observou-se alterações nas variáveis sanguíneas. Há correlações entre sexo e percentual de gordura total e no tronco, massa magra total e na região androide, além disso, sexo somado ao treinamento possui relação com massa corporal total, massa de gordura total, tecidos da região androide (massa magra, gordura e tecido), gordura intra-abdominal e monócitos. A concentração de TNF-α correlacionou-se com a idade, peso, massa de gordura, massa magra e gordura subcutânea e ao aplicar as variáveis de composição corporal em uma regressão linear todas as variáveis mantiveram interação com o TNF-α, entretanto, quando ajustado por idade, peso e sexo, apenas a massa de gordura e massa magra. Em relação à contagem leucocitária apenas a IL-6 correlacionou-se com os linfócitos e manteve-se na modelo de regressão. Conclusão: Adolescentes obesos submetidos ao treinamento concorrente...Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES
Relationship between salivary biomarkers and performance in long-distance running
Relationship between salivary biomarkers and performance in long-distance running Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the salivary cortisol and alpha amylase levels in response to long-distance running according performance variables as accumulated distance, total time and velocity of running in athletes. Methods: Eight sportsmen (aged 21±2 years; Body Mass Index 20±1 kg/m2) completed a total of 259 km in 17 hours, throughout 3 days. The distance, total time run, and velocity during running were computed, and saliva samples were collected in the morning and at night for 3 days. Pearson correlations between variables were performed. Results: The range of distances was ≈ 7 to 54 km, and total time per run was ≈ 32 to 198 minutes, and the velocity of run was 13 to 16.5 km/h. Pearson correlations showed positive relationships between salivary cortisol and distance (r=0.81, p<0.01), total time running (r=0.77, p<0.02) and velocity during run (r=0.89, p<0.002). In addition, no correlations were observed to salivary alpha amylase. Conclusions: Based on this result, the accumulated distance, total time and velocity of running exhibits positive correlations to salivary cortisol, but not to salivary alpha amylase. This data shows that an endocrine response is continuously demanded in long distance running. RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os níveis de cortisol e alfa amilase salivar em resposta a corrida de longa distância de acordo com variáveis de desempenho como distância acumulada, tempo total e velocidade de corrida em atletas. Métodos: Oito atletas (idade entre 21 ± 2 anos, índice de massa corporal de 20 ± 1 kg / m2) completaram um total de 259 km em 17 horas, ao longo de 3 dias. A distância, tempo total e velocidade durante a corrida foram computados, e amostras de saliva foram coletadas no período da manhã e noite, durante 3 dias. Para análises estatísticas, correlações de Pearson entre as variáveis foram realizadas. Resultados: A variação de distâncias foi ≈ 7-54 km, tempo total foi ≈ 32 a 198 minutos e a velocidade de execução foi entre 13 e 16,5 km / h. Correlações de Pearson mostraram relações positivas entre cortisol salivar e a distância (r = 0,81, p <0,01), tempo total de corrida (r = 0,77, p <0,02) e velocidade durante a corrida (r = 0,89, p <0,002). Além disso, não foi observado correlações com a alfa-amilase salivar. Conclusões: Com base nesse resultado, a distância acumulada, o tempo total e velocidade exibem correlações positivas com cortisol salivar, mas não com a alfa-amilase salivar. Estes dados mostram que uma resposta endócrina é continuamente exigida na corrida de longa distância
Effect of concurrent training on gender-specific biochemical variables and adiposity in obese adolescents
Objective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of a 20-week concurrent training (20 WCT) intervention program on gender-specific body composition and metabolic variables in obese adolescents.Subjects and methods Sample was composed of twenty-five obese adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 (13.4 ± 0.96) years. Fat-free mass (FFM), percentage trunk fat mass (TFM%) and percentage fat mass (%FM) were evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Measurement of intra-abdominal adiposity (IAAT) was performed using ultrasound. Blood pressure was measured and blood samples analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and plasma glucose. All participants performed the concurrent training (combination of weight training and aerobic training) three times per week, one hour per day, for 20 weeks. Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures were used to compare baseline, 10 week and 20 week moments using the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant decrease in TC, LDL-c and TFM% were verified in both genders after the 10 initial weeks of concurrent training.Results A significant increase in height was found in both the male and female groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively), after 20 weeks of concurrent training. In addition, several modifications were observed in body composition and metabolic variables, with a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017), BMI z-score (p = 0.033 and p = 0.004), FM% (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002), TFM% (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018), TC (p = 0.042 and p = 0.001) and LDL-c (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001) in the male and female groups, respectively, after 20 weeks of intervention when compared with baseline.Conclusion Our results identified that concurrent training was an effective intervention for treating metabolic variable and body composition disorders, in both genders, by decreasing adiposity with consequent improvement in BMI and BMI z-scores, and enhancement in lipid profile variables
Macronutrient intake is correlated with dyslipidemia and low-grade inflammation in childhood obesity but mostly in male obese
Condition of hypoxia caused by hypertrophy of adipose cells in obesity triggers macrophages recruitment and production of cytokines. Additionally, high consumption of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and high glycemic index meals may contribute to oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation by increases NF-kB activation. Thus, the aim of the study was to analyze the contribution of the macronutrients intake in the metabolic and inflammatory profile, by levels of lipoproteins, insulin resistance, anti and pro inflammatory cytokines, in obese adolescents according the gender. sample was composed by 37 adolescents, both genders, identified as obese by body mass index (BMI). Body composition was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and measures of intra-abdominal adiposity (IAAT) and subcutaneous adiposity tissue (SAT) were done by ultrasound. Biochemical analyses were done and the measurement of cytokines; fatty acids and insulin were performed by the technique of immunoassay ELISA. The estimation of macronutrients consumption was made by 3 day food register regarding food intake. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 5% and the statistical software SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) performed all analyses. BMI (p = 0.316), FM (p = 0.416), IAAT (p = 0.505) and SAT (p = 0.935) presented similarities between genders. Cytokines and metabolic variables values were similar between the groups. Only in the male group, metabolic variables and cytokines were significant correlated with the consumption of total lipids or its fractions. Was observed that insulin concentration had significant interaction with MUFA(g) (= -18.4; p = 0.004) and adiponectin with CHO(g) (= -58.2; p = 0.032) in the group male and female, respectively. macronutrients intake is associated with low-grade inflammation in obesity, by production of inflammatory cytokines and alteration of the lipid profile, especially male obese adolescents which seem to be more responsive of this consumption when compared with female obese adolescents
Body composition variables as predictors of NAFLD by ultrasound in obese children and adolescents
Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a disorder associated with excessive fat accumulation, mainly in the intra-abdominal region. A simple technique to estimate abdominal fat in this region could be useful to assess the presence of NAFLD, in obese subjects who are more vulnerable to this disease. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to verify the reliability of waist circumference and body composition variables to identify the occurrence of NAFLD in obese children and adolescents.Methods: Sample was composed of 145 subjects, aged 11 to 17 years. Assessments of waist circumference (WC), trunk fat mass (TFM) and fat mass (FM) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ultrasound for diagnosis of NAFLD and intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) were used. Correlation between variables was made by Spearman's coefficients; ROC curve parameters (sensitivity, specificity, area under curve) were used to assess the reliability of body composition variables to assess the presence of NAFLD. Statistical significance was set at 5%.Results: Significant correlations were observed between NAFLD and WC (p = 0.001), TFM (p = 0.002) and IAAT (p = 0.001). The higher values of area under the ROC curve were for WC (AUC = 0.720), TFM (AUC = 0.661) and IAAT (AUC = 0.741).Conclusions: Our findings indicated that TFM, IAAT and WC present high potential to identify NAFLD in obese children and adolescents
Macrophage polarization: implications on metabolic diseases and the role of exercise
Macrophages are cells of the innate immune response that trigger inflammation resolution. The phenotype of "classically activated macrophages" (M1) has anti-tumoricidal and anti-bactericidal activities. On the other hand, "alternatively activated macrophages" (M2) are involved in tissue remodeling and immunomodulatory functions. The change in the polarization of macrophages varies according to the diversity of cytokines present in the microenvironment or by the stimuli of an antigen. It involves such factors as interferon-regulatory factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). Switching the phenotype of macrophages can help attenuate the development of an inflammatory disease. Exercise can promote alterations in the number of innate immune cells and stimulates phagocytic function. Chronic exercise seems to inhibit macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue by attenuating the expression of F4/80 mRNA. Furthermore, exercise may also increase the expression of M2 markers and reduce TNF-alpha and TLR4 mRNA expression, which activates the inflammatory pathway of NF-kappa B. Chronic exercise reduces beta 2-adrenergic receptors in monocytes and macrophages by modulating TLR4 signaling as well as suppressing IL-12 production, a stimulator of interferon.. In this review, we discuss macrophage polarization in metabolic diseases and how exercise can modulate macrophage plasticity.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Cell Biology and Development, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof Lineu Prestes, 1524, 05508-000 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilExercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, University of the State of Sao Paulo, Rua Roberto Simonsen, 305, 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, SP, BrazilPsychobiology Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilBioscience Department, Campus Baixada Santista, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, BrazilPsychobiology Department, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, BrazilBioscience Department, Campus Baixada Santista, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, BrazilFAPESP: 2014/01246-6FAPESP: 2014/08003-1FAPESP: 2013/09367-4FAPESP: 2013/25310-2Web of Scienc