CCB RETENTION AND PENETRATION IN EUCALYPTUS FENCE POSTS IN FUNCTION OF CONDITION OF PRESERVATIVE TREATMENT

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the industrial preservative treatment with Chromated Copper Borate (CCB) in different concentrations and pressure time in the autoclave through retention and penetration in Eucalyptus wood. Nine Eucalyptus trees were felled, debarking and cut into fence posts with a length of 2.20 meters and diameters ranging from 9.2 to 15.4 cm. The Eucalyptus fence posts were submitted to the industrial autoclave (Bethel method) in nine conditions, according to the CCB concentration and the pressure times: 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5% and 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The retention and penetration tests were performed. The application of 1.5% CCB concentration and 30 minutes of pressure in the autoclave provided penetration and retention according to the levels required for the application of the wood as fence posts in contact with the soil, and is the conditions indicated for the treatment E. urograndis wood preservative with CCB

TRATAMENTOS NÃO INDUSTRIAIS EM MADEIRAS DE Eucalyptus urophylla S.T.BLAKE

The efficiency of different non-industrial treatments in the wood preservation of two Eucalyptus urophylla clones against termite attack was evaluated. The specimens were submitted to the following treatments: surface carbonization, brushing, hot-cold bath and prolonged immersion in CCB solution. They were then exposed for 45 days to a colony of termites of the Nasutitermes genus in alimentary preference assay. The loss of mass and retention of each treatment in both clones were determined. The treatment of wood increased the resistance to attack of termite, especially the methods of prolonged immersion and hot-cold bath, recommending them for the preservation of woods that have contact with the ground.Se evaluó la eficiencia de diferentes tratamientos no industriales para la preservación de la madera de dos clones de Eucalyptus urophylla contra el ataque de termitas. Las muestras fueron sometidas a los siguientes tratamientos: carbonización superficial, cepillado, baño caliente-frío e inmersión prolongada en solución CCB. Luego, expuesto durante 45 días a una colonia de termitas del género Nasutitermes en una prueba de preferencia alimentaria. Se determinó la pérdida de masa y la retención de cada tratamiento en ambos clones. El tratamiento de la madera aumentó la resistencia al ataque de termitas, especialmente los métodos de inmersión prolongada y baño caliente-frío, recomendándolos para la preservación de la madera que tiene contacto con el suelo.Avaliou-se a eficiência de diferentes tratamentos não industriais na preservação da madeira de dois clones de Eucalyptus urophylla contra o ataque de térmitas. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos aos seguintes tratamentos: carbonização superficial, pincelamento, banho quente-frio e imersão prolongada em solução CCB. Em seguida, expostos por 45 dias a uma colônia de térmitas do gênero Nasutitermes em ensaio de preferência alimentar. Foi determinada a perda de massa e a retenção de cada tratamento nos dois clones. O tratamento da madeira conferiu aumento da resistência ao ataque de térmitas, sobretudo os métodos de imersão prolongada e banho quente-frio, recomendando-os para preservação de madeiras que tenham contato com o solo

Avaliação energética da maravalha gerada em uma serraria de pequeno porte

The work was aimed at making the quantification and qualification of the energy generated in a sawmill shavings in the city of Jerônimo Monterio/ES, this material was composed of a mixture of different woods. Technical visits were made at the mill twice a month with the intention of performing the quantitative analysis, which was calculated from a container known, and to collect three samples for the performance of moisture, bulk density, chemical analysis, ash content, elemental chemical analysis and calorific value. It was concluded that the bulk density of wood shavings is considered suitable for production of briquette, and from other analysis showed that this residue is suitable for energy production. The owner of the sawmill might use this material as an energy source, thus minimizing their spending, and prevent environmental damage.O trabalho teve como objetivo realizar a quantificação e qualificação energética da maravalha gerada em uma serraria do município de Jerônimo Monteiro/ES, esse material foi composto por uma mescla de diversas madeiras. Foram realizadas visitas técnicas na serraria duas vezes por mês com intuito da realização da análise quantitativa, e para a coleta de três amostras para a realização das análises de umidade, densidade a granel, análise química, teor de cinzas, análise elementar e o poder calorífico. Concluiu-se que a densidade a granel da maravalha analisada é apropriada para produção de briquete, verificou-se que este resíduo é adequado para a produção de energia

Influência do lenho de tração nas propriedades físicas da madeira de Eucalyptus sp.

The reaction wood is formed in an attempt to remain upright tree in response to the action of forces such as winds, irregular crown or slope of the land that tend to incline it. In hardwoods, as in Eucalyptus, this type of wood is called tension wood and occurs in the region of the stem facing the face of force application. Indicative of the presence of this type of wood is the high shrinkage and basic density compared to normal wood. Once the basic density and shrinkage are parameters for determining the quality of the wood, this study aimed to evaluate the variation of basic density and shrinkage of opposite and tension wood along the radius in four species of Eucalyptus sp. Four tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus urophylla, with 32 years of age, were taken from an experimental planting of the Federal University of Lavras. Specimens were made to represent the diametrical variation of the opposite of tension wood in disks cut at the dbh. The results indicate that the properties of radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, coefficient of anisotropy and basic density did not differ statistically between the tensionand opposite wood.The reaction wood is formed in an attempt to remain upright tree in response to the action of forces such as winds, irregular crown or slope of the land that tend to incline it. In hardwoods, as in Eucalyptus, this type of wood is called tension wood and occurs in the region of the stem facing the face of force application. Indicative of the presence of this type of wood is the high shrinkage and basic density compared to normal wood. Once the basic density and shrinkage are parameters for determining the quality of the wood, this study aimed to evaluate the variation of basic density and shrinkage of opposite and tension wood along the radius in four species of Eucalyptus sp. Four tree species Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus maculata, Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus urophylla, with 32 years of age, were taken from an experimental planting of the Federal University of Lavras. Specimens were made to represent the diametrical variation of the opposite of tension wood in disks cut at the dbh. The results indicate that the properties of radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, coefficient of anisotropy and basic density did not differ statistically between the tensionand opposite wood

Umidade de equilíbrio da madeira de angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke ), guariúba (Clarisia racemosa Ruiz & Pav.) e tauarí vermelho (Cariniana micrantha Ducke) em diferentes condições de temperatura e umidade relativa Wood equilibrium moisture content of angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke ), guariúba (Clarisia racemosa Ruiz & Pav.) and tauarí vermelho (Cariniana micrantha Ducke) at different conditions of temperature and relative humidity

A umidade de equilíbrio deve ser determinada para o local onde a madeira será empregada. Isto pode ser feito através da determinação da umidade das amostras de madeira expostas às condições ambientais de temperatura e umidade relativa em ensaios de campo, de laboratório equipado com câmara de climatização ou estimativas por meio de modelos matemáticos. Neste trabalho foi determinada a umidade de equilíbrio da madeira - UEM do angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke), guariúba (Clarisia racemosa Ruiz & Pav.) e tauarí vermelho (Cariniana micrantha Ducke ), em duas condições de temperatura e três de umidade relativa em câmara de climatização. Encontrou-se diferenças entre a umidade de equilíbrio estimada pela equação de Simpson (1971) e o valor real determinado em câmara climática. Na simulação de ensaio a 25º C de temperatura e umidade relativa de 40% a UEM ficou em média 26,6% superior ao valor estimado pela equação de Simpson (1971), constituindo-se na maior variação. A menor variação foi de 2,1% registrada na espécie angelim vermelho na condição de 35º C e 80% de umidade relativa. A equação de Simpson, no geral, tendeu a superestimar os valores de UEM nas três espécies.The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of wood must be determined according to the place where wood is to be used. Moisture content can be determined from wood samples exposed to environmental conditions of temperature and relative humidity in the field, a laboratory equipped with environmental chambers, or by mathematical model calculations. The EMCs of angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke), guariúba (Clarisia racemosa) and tauarí vermelho (Cariniana micrantha Ducke) were determined in a environmental chamber at two temperatures and three relative humidity conditions. Differences were found between the EMC estimated by the Simpson’s equation (1971) and the real value determined in environmental chamber. Large discrepancies, averaging 26,6%, were found at 25oC and 40% relative humidity. The minimum discrepancies, averaging 2,1%, were determined on angelim vermelho at 35oC and 80% relative humidity. In general, the Simpson’s equation overestimated the EMC values for the three species

Prediction of Properties of Sclerolobium paniculatum and Qualea grandiflora Charcoal

ABSTRACT There is a lack of techniques for the rapid and accurate determination of wood quality for charcoal production with good energy characteristics. The association of NIR spectroscopy and important charcoal parameters allows the prediction of these characteristics. This is a fast method that does not require sample preparation before the reading. The spectral readings were performed with solid and ground samples, and presented the second best representation of the evaluated parameters. Data went was adjusted to correct for variations that could occur during the spectra reading. The treatment with the best results was the normal transformation of variation. The evaluated spectra were able to explain 77% of the data for the variable gravimetric yield, 88% for volatile materials content and 86% for fixed carbon content

Quantificação de Resíduos Produzidos nas Indústrias Madeireiras de Gurupi, TO

RESUMO O estudo foi desenvolvido no município de Gurupi, Estado do Tocantins, com o objetivo de quantificar a produção de resíduos gerados por indústrias do setor madeireiro. Foram selecionadas empresas do setor moveleiro de grande, médio e pequeno porte, além de manufaturadoras de esquadrias. O porte das empresas foi determinado pelo número de funcionários. Foram realizadas medições diretas de comprimento, largura e espessura das peças, sendo consideradas aparas, fragmentos menores que 10 cm de largura, e recortes, fragmentos maiores que 10 cm de largura, e a serragem e pó de serra foram medidos em caixa de volume conhecido. Em um mês de produção, a fábrica de esquadrias produziu um total de 32,23 m3 de resíduos, já a empresa de grande porte produziu 15,44 m3, a empresa de médio porte, 10,95 m3 e a empresa pequena, 8,68 m3

Resistência natural da madeira de Tachigali vulgaris ao fungo xilófago Postia placenta

O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a resistência natural da madeira de Tachigali vulgaris L. G. Silva & H. C. Lima ao fungo Postia placenta (Fr.) M. J. Lars. & Lomb., causador da podridão parda. Foram coletadas nove árvores e, da tora basal, confeccionadas seis amostras de cada indivíduo, com dimensões de 25 mm x 25 mm x 9 mm (radial, tangencial e axial) no sentido base ao topo. As amostras foram mantidas em contato com o fungo durante 14 semanas, em sala climatizada, sendo posteriormente secas e a perda de massa avaliada. A madeira de T. vulgaris se mostrou altamente resistente a P. placenta, pois o maior valor de perda de massa foi de 12,13%. Foi observada correlação indireta de 82,9% entre a densidade básica e a durabilidade da madeira, porém não foi constatada influência das posições no sentido base topo na durabilidade

Effect of anatomical and chemical structure in the permeability of "Amapá" wood

This paper aimed to study the permeability to air and liquid, in the longitudinal direction of "amapá" wood (Brosimum parinarioides Ducke), originating from the Amazon Forest. Furthermore, the influence of anatomical and chemical characteristics in the permeability of the wood was investigated. For this study, samples were collected from three trees, in the state of Pará, Brazil, and submitted to permeability test, anatomical characterization, and chemical analyses. The permeability to the air of the "amapá" wood was estimated at 63.7.10-9 m3.[m.(N.m-2).s]-1 and to the liquid was 2.07.10-9 m3.[m.(N.m-2).s]-1. There were low correlations between air and liquid permeability and the anatomical features