104 research outputs found

    Global Spread of Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium from Distinct Nosocomial Genetic Complex

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    Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have caused hospital outbreaks worldwide, and the vancomycin-resistance gene (vanA) has crossed genus boundaries to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Spread of VRE, therefore, represents an immediate threat for patient care and creates a reservoir of mobile resistance genes for other, more virulent pathogens. Evolutionary genetics, population structure, and geographic distribution of 411 VRE and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium isolates, recovered from human and nonhuman sources and community and hospital reservoirs in 5 continents, identified a genetic lineage of E. faecium (complex-17) that has spread globally. This lineage is characterized by 1) ampicillin resistance, 2) a pathogenicity island, and 3) an association with hospital outbreaks. Complex-17 is an example of cumulative evolutionary processes that improved the relative fitness of bacteria in hospital environments. Preventing further spread of this epidemic E. faecium subpopulation is critical, and efforts should focus on the early disclosure of ampicillin-resistant complex-17 strains

    Diversity of Acari and Collembola along a pollution gradient in soils of a pre-pyrenean forest ecosystem

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    Mites and springtails are important members of soil mesofauna and have been proven to be good bioindicators of airborne pollutants. We studied the surrounding area of a steel mill located in a mountain valley of North Spain. Previous studies had documented the existence of a pollution gradient in this area due to the emissions of the factory, thus providing an interesting site to investigate the potential effects of pollutants (heavy metals and nitrogen) on soil biodiversity. The density of Acari and Collembola significantly decreased with the increase in concentration of Cr, Mn, Zn, Cd and Pb. Mites appeared to be more sensitive to heavy metal pollution than springtails. Likewise, the density of these microarthropoda was lower in those soils exhibiting higher nitrogen content. The species composition of the community of Acari and Collembola changed according to heavy metal pollution. Significant differences in abundance, species richness and diversity were observed between the communities of the sampling sites. Some species were exclusive of the less polluted sites, while other appeared in the most contaminated ones. This different response of soil mesofauna to pollutants suggests that some mite or springtail species could be used as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution

    OGG1 inhibition triggers synthetic lethality and enhances the effect of PARP inhibitor olaparib in BRCA1-deficient TNBC cells

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    Background: PARP1 plays a critical role in the base excision repair (BER) pathway, and PARP1 inhibition leads to specific cell death, through a synthetic lethal interaction, in the context of BRCA1/2 deficiency. To date, up to five different PARP inhibitors (PARPi), have been approved, nevertheless, the acquisition of resistance to PARPi is common and there is increasing interest in enhancing responses and expand their use to other tumour types. Methods: We hypothesized that other BER members could be additional synthetic lethal partners with mutated BRCA genes. To test this, we decided to evaluate the glycosylase OGG1 as a potential candidate, by treating BRCA1 proficient and deficient breast cancer cells with PARPi olaparib and the OGG1 inhibitor TH5478. Results: Knocking out BRCA1 in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines causes hypersensitivity to the OGG1 inhibitor TH5487. Besides, TH5487 enhances the sensitivity to the PARP inhibitor olaparib, especially in the context of BRCA1 deficiency, reflecting an additive interaction. Discussion: These results provide the first evidence that OGG1 inhibition is a promising new synthetic lethality strategy in BRCA1-deficient cells, and could lead to a new framework for the treatment of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer

    RBX: The new X-band SAR system from INTA

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    Revista oficial de la AsociaciĂłn Española de TeledetecciĂłn[EN] This paper describes the characteristics and the first results of the RBX system, the new airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar developed at Spanish National Institute of Aerospace Technology. The new system supports submetric resolution with interferometric and polarimetric capabilities. The system architecture has been designed taking into account an easy upgrade ability and the quality of the acquired data, including multiple internal calibration loops.[ES] Este artĂ­culo describe las caracterĂ­sticas y los primeros resultados del sistema RBX, nuevo radar de apertura sintĂ©tica aerotransportado que ha sido desarrollado en el Instituto Nacional de TĂ©cnica Aeroespacial. El nuevo sistema soporta resoluciones submĂ©tricas con capacidades interferomĂ©tricas y polarimĂ©tricas. La arquitectura del sistema se ha diseñado teniendo en cuenta la facilidad de incorporar mejoras y la calidad de los datos adquiridos, incluyendo mĂșltiples lazos de calibraciĂłn interna.Larrañaga, J. R., De Porras BernĂĄcer, R., Del Castillo, J., Gimeno, N., Aguilar, P., Baquero, A. M., . . . SĂĄnchez, S. (2014). RBX: The new X-band SAR system from INTA. [RBX: El nuevo radar SAR en banda X del INTA] Revista De Teledeteccion, (41), 89-96. doi:10.4995/raet.2014.2285SWORD899641G. Bonin, P. Dreuillet. 2008. The new ONERA airborne SAR system SETHI. EUSAR, Dresden, Germany.Rodriguez, M. G. (2008). Design of a Coherent Generation and Acquisition System at 1,2GHz. 2008 4th Southern Conference on Programmable Logic. doi:10.1109/spl.2008.4547745Gonzalez Bonilla, M. J., Gomez Miguel, B., Cuerda Muñoz, J. M., Larrañaga Sudupe, J. R., Garcia Rodriguez, M., 2009. INTASAR program. Proceedings IGARSSHORN, RALF; NOTTENSTEINER, ANTON; SCHEIBER, ROLF. 2008. F-SAR – DLR's advanced airborne SAR system onboard DO228. Proceedings EUSARMoreira, A., & Yonghong Huang. (1994). Airborne SAR processing of highly squinted data using a chirp scaling approach with integrated motion compensation. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 32(5), 1029-1040. doi:10.1109/36.31289

    Behavioral interactions and trophic overlap between invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Decapoda, Astacidae) and native fishes in iberian rivers

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    The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Dana, 1852 is a successful invasive species in the Iberian Peninsula. This is of particular conservation concern, as fish fauna is highly endemic and also threatened within this ecoregion. The aim of this study was to analyze behavioral interactions and trophic overlap between signal crayfish and native fishes in Iberian rivers (northern Spain). Video cameras were used to record fish "dominance/evasion" after spatial encounters with crayfish. Diet composition and isotopic signatures (Âż13C and Âż15N) were compared to evaluate the niche overlap. Fish were dominant in 25% of the encounters with juvenile crayfish, whereas this percentage was only 4% with adult crayfish. Observations showed a high fish "evasion" response for Pyrenean stone loach Barbatula quignardi (BÂżcescu-MeÂżter, 1967) (>30%). Dietary results showed a high trophic overlap between signal crayfish with the pelagic Pyrenean minnow Phoxinus bigerri Kottelat, 2007 and the benthic loach. However, the isotopic niche overlap was low, with brown trout Salmo trutta L., 1758 showing the highest area (only 0.1 Âż2). Overall, our findings suggest that interferences may occur with native species for food (i.e., benthic invertebrates). Consequently, measures should be applied to control invasive crayfish in Iberian rivers

    II Jornadas de la Sociedad Española para la Conservación y Estudio de Los Mamíferos (SECEM) Soria 7-9 diciembre 1995

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    Seguimiento de una reintroducciĂłn de corzo (Capreolus capreolus) en ambiente mediterrĂĄneo. DispersiĂłn y ĂĄrea de campeoModelos de distribuciĂłn de los insectĂ­voros ern la PenĂ­nsula IbĂ©ricaDieta anual del zorro, Vulpes vulpes, en dos hĂĄbitats del Parque Nacional de DoñanaDesarrollo juvenil del crĂĄneo en las poblaciones ibĂ©ricas de gato montĂ©s, Felis silvestris Schreber, 1777Presencia y expansiĂłn del visĂłn americano (Mustela vison) en las provincias de Teruel y CastellĂłn (Este de España).Preferencias de hĂĄbitat invernal de la musaraña comĂșn (Crocidura russula) en un encinar fragmentado de la submeseta norteUso de cĂĄmaras automĂĄticas para la recogida de informaciĂłn faunĂ­stica.Dieta del lobo en dos zonas de Asturias (España) que difieren en carga ganadera.Consumo de frutos y dispersiĂłn de semillas de serbal (Sorbus aucuparia L.) por zorros y martas en la cordillera CantĂĄbrica occidentalEvaluaciĂłn de espermatozoides obtenidos postmorten en el ciervo.Frecuencia de apariciĂłn de diferentes restos de conejo en excrementos de lince y zorroAtlas preliminar de los mamĂ­feros de Soria (España)Censo y distribuciĂłn de la marmota alpina (Marmota marmota) en Navarra.Trampeo fotogrĂĄfico del gĂ©nero Martes en el Parque Nacional de AigĂŒestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici (Lleida)Peer reviewe

    New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

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    Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE Δ4 allele

    New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

    Get PDF
    Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/'proxy' AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE Δ4 allele
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