As representações da comunidade cigana sobre a escola: o estudo de caso da comunidade do Bairro Dr. Alfredo Bensaúde

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção ComunitáriaEste trabalho de investigação centra-se numa problemática que visa compreender as representações que a comunidade cigana tem da escola, como forma de melhor intervir no sentido de promover a inclusão social dos seus filhos, sem pôr em causa os seus valores e práticas sociais que definem a sua identidade. Este estudo procura investigar, analisar e interpretar para compreender as vivências e a relação desta comunidade face à educação escolar, devido ao facto de haver constantes mudanças e transformações ao longo dos tempos. O estudo tem como principais objetivos, Conhecer a dimensão do fenómeno do absentismo entre as crianças ciganas no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico; Reconhecer o significado atribuído pelos pais/ciganos ao papel da escola na educação dos seus filhos; Identificar os atributos da escola identificados pelas crianças ciganas; Conhecer as causas que os professores identificam para explicar o fenómeno do absentismo entre as crianças ciganas e Identificar as características atribuídas pelos professores às crianças ciganas no que se refere à sua forma de viver a escola. No plano teórico realizámos uma pesquisa relativamente à história das comunidades ciganas, à sua chegada a Portugal e especificamente à comunidade residente no Bairro Dr. Alfredo Bensaúde. Foram igualmente exploradas questões sobre a exclusão e integração da população cigana, nos diversos parâmetros da sociedade atual, com maior destaque na participação escolar. No processo de investigação utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa, sendo que o seu instrumento foi o inquérito por questionário de administração indireta, pois esta permitiu conhecer uma opinião mais pessoal dos indivíduos, relativamente às representações sobre a comunidade cigana na escola. A pesquisa foi realizada no 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico da escola n.º 175 Santa Maria dos Olivais. A amostra da investigação tem um total de cinquenta e nove indivíduos entrevistados, entre os quais quarenta e seis são crianças, seis são famílias ciganas, seis são professores e 1 técnico do Instituto de Apoio à Criança. Ao longo do estudo concluiu-se que o nível de absentismo e insucesso escolar por parte dos alunos ciganos continua a ser elevado, contudo, tem-se verificado uma melhoria no que diz respeito à duração escolar. A escola e as instituições envolventes têm tentado estar mais próximos da comunidade cigana, com o intuito de estes se aproximarem e interagirem com a sociedade escolar. Apesar de haver melhorias observa-se que ainda existe um longo caminho a percorrer e que existem etapas por alcançar.ABSTRACT This research focuses on a problem that aims to understand the representations that the gypsy community has of the school, as a way to better intervene to promote the social inclusion of their children, without undermining their values and social practices that define their identity. This study sought to investigate analyse and interpret to understand the experiences and the relation of this community face to school education, due to the fact that there have been constant changes and transformations throughout the ages. The main objectives of the study are: To know the dimension of the phenomenon of absenteeism among Roma children in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education; Recognize the significance attributed by the parents / gypsies to the role of the school in the education of their children; Identify the attributes of the school identified by gypsies children; To know the causes that the teachers identify to explain the phenomenon of absenteeism among the gypsy children and To identify the characteristics attributed by the teachers to the gypsy children with respect to their way of living the school. At the theoretical level, we carried out a survey on the history of Gypsy communities, their arrival in Portugal and specifically the community residing in the neighbourhood Dr. Alfredo Bensaúde. It also explored questions about the exclusion and integration of the gypsies population, in the various parameters of the current society, with greater prominence on school participation. In the research process the qualitative methodology was used, and its instrument was the questionnaire interview, since this allowed to know a more personal opinion of the individuals, regarding the representations about the gypsy community in the school. The research was carried out in the 1st Cycle of Basic Education of 175 Santa Maria dos Olivais School. The research sample has a total of fifty-nine individuals interviewed, among them forty-six are children, six are gypsy families, six are teachers and one is from the Institute for Child Support. Throughout the study it was concluded that the level of absenteeism and school failure by the gypsy students continues to be high, however, there has been an improvement with regard to school duration. The school and the surrounding institutions have tried to be closer to the gypsy community, with the intention of getting closer and interacting with the school society. Although there are improvements it is noted that there is still a long way to go and that there are steps to be taken.N/

What is the impact of local control in Ewing sarcoma: analysis of the first Brazilian collaborative study group-EWING1

Background: Relapse in localized Ewing sarcoma patients has been a matter of concern regarding poor prognosis. Therefore, we investigated the impact of local control modality (surgery, surgery plus radiotherapy, and radiotherapy) on clinical outcomes such as survival and recurrence in patients with non-metastatic Ewing sarcoma treated on the first Brazilian Collaborative Group Trial of the Ewing Family of Tumors (EWING1). Methods: Seventy-three patients with localized Ewing sarcoma of bone aged < 30 years were included. The treating physicians defined the modality of local control based on the recommendations of the coordinating center and the patient and tumor characteristics. Possible associations of local control modality with local failure (LF), disease-free survival (DFS), event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), and clinical characteristics were analyzed. Results: Mean patient age was 12.8 years (range, 2 to 25 years) and median follow-up time was 4.5 years (range, 2. 3 to 6.7 years). Forty-seven patients underwent surgery, 13 received radiotherapy, and 13 received both. The 5-year EFS, OS, and DFS for all patients was 62.1%, 63.3%, and 73.1%, respectively. The 5-year cumulative incidence (CI) of LF was 7.6% for surgery, 11.1% for radiotherapy, and 0% for postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) (p = 0.61). The 5-year EFS was 71.7% for surgery, 30.8% for radiotherapy, and 64.1% for PORT (p = 0.009). Conclusions: There was a significant effect of local control modality on EFS and OS in the study. Surgery and PORT modalities yielded very close results. The group treated with radiotherapy alone had considerably worse outcomes. This may be confounded by greater risk factors in these patients. There was no significant effect of local control modality on the CI of LF and DFS.Children's Cancer InstituteRafael Accordi Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHCPA, Serv Orthoped & Traumatol, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, BR-90035903 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, HCPA, Dept Pediat, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande Sul PUCRS, Dept Pediat, Hosp Sao Lucas, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHCPA, Serv Orthoped & Traumatol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Support Grp Children & Adolescents Canc GRAACC, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Canc Infantojuvenil, Fundacao Pio 12, Barretos, SP, BrazilCtr Hosp Pereira Rossell, Montevideo, UruguayHosp AC Camargo Canc Ctr, Orthoped Serv, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia Porto Alegre, Serv Orthoped & Traumatol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Orthoped Trauma Inst, Hosp Clin Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia Sao Paulo HSCSP, Dept Orthoped & Traumatol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Rio Grande Sul PUCRS, Hosp Sao Lucas, Serv Orthoped & Traumatol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Estadual Paulista UNESP, Hosp Clin Botucatu, Sch Med, Botucatu, SP, BrazilInst Canc Infantil, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Support Grp Children & Adolescents Canc GRAACC, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilChildren's Cancer InstituteRafael Accordi Foundation, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Tratamento em massa para controle das helmintíases intestinais em área endêmica na Amazônia Brasileira

The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and evaluate the sanitary conditions and the role of a mass treatment campaign for control of these infections in Santa Isabel do Rio Negro. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2002, to obtain data related to the sanitary conditions of the population and fecal samples for parasitological examination in 308 individuals, followed by a mass treatment with albendazole or mebendazole with coverage of 83% of the city population in 2003. A new survey was carried out in 2004, involving 214 individuals, for comparison of the prevalences of intestinal parasitosis before and after the mass treatment. The prevalences of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection were 48%; 27% and 21% respectively in 2002. There was a significant decrease for the frequency of infections by Ascaris lumbricoides (p < 0.05; OR / 95% CI = 0.44 / 0.30 - 0.65), Trichuris trichiura (p < 0.05; OR / 95% CI = 0.37 / 0.22 - 0.62), hookworm (p < 0.05; OR / 95% CI = 0.03 / 0.01 - 0.15) and helminth poliparasitism (p < 0.05; OR / 95% CI = 0.16 / 0.08 - 0.32). It was also noticed a decrease of prevalence of infection by Entamoeba histolytica / dispar (p < 0.05; OR / 95% CI = 0.30 / 0.19 - 0.49) and non-pathogenic amoebas. It was inferred that a mass treatment can contribute to the control of soil-transmitted helminthiasis as a practicable short-dated measure. However, governmental plans for public health, education and urban infrastructure are essential for the sustained reduction of prevalences of those infections.O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a prevalência e o papel de um tratamento em massa das helmintíases intestinais em Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. Foi realizado em 2002 um estudo seccional, incluindo inquérito copro-parasitológico, objetivando a obtenção das prevalências das parasitoses intestinais e dados sobre as condições sanitárias do local, estudando-se uma amostra de 308 indivíduos. Em 2003 foi realizada intervenção para tratamento em massa das helmintíases intestinais com administração de albendazol (ou mebendazol para crianças entre 12 e 24 meses) na sede do município, alcançando-se 83% de cobertura. Novo inquérito copro-parasitológico foi realizado em 2004, para comparação das prevalências antes a após o tratamento. As prevalências das infecções por Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura e ancilostomídeos foram 48%, 27% e 21%, respectivamente em 2002. Em 2004 observou-se redução significativa das infecções por Ascaris lumbricoides (p < 0,05; OR / 95% IC = 0,44 / 0,30 - 0,65), Trichuris trichiura (p < 0,05; OR / 95% IC = 0,37 / 0,22 - 0,62), ancilostomídeos (p < 0,05; OR / 95% IC = 0,03 / 0,01 - 0,15) e poliparasitismo por helmintos intestinais (p < 0,05; OR / 95% IC = 0,16 / 0,08 - 0,32). Foi também observada redução da prevalência de infecção por Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (p < 0,05; OR / 95% CI = 0,30 / 0,19 - 0,49). Concluiu-se que o tratamento em massa pode auxiliar o controle das helmintíases intestinais, porém ações governamentais em infraestrutura urbana e educação são essenciais para uma redução sustentada das prevalências destas infecções

Seagrass and submerged aquatic vegetation (VAS) habitats off the Coast of Brazil: state of knowledge, conservation and main threats

Seagrass meadows are among the most threatened ecosystems on earth, raising concerns about the equilibrium of coastal ecosystems and the sustainability of local fisheries. The present review evaluated the current status of the research on seagrasses and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) habitats off the coast of Brazil in terms of plant responses to environmental conditions, changes in distribution and abundance, and the possible role of climate change and variability. Despite an increase in the number of studies, the communication of the results is still relatively limited and is mainly addressed to a national or regional public; thus, South American seagrasses are rarely included or cited in global reviews and models. The scarcity of large-scale and long-term studies allowing the detection of changes in the structure, abundance and composition of seagrass habitats and associated species still hinders the investigation of such communities with respect to the potential effects of climate change. Seagrass meadows and SAV occur all along the Brazilian coast, with species distribution and abundance being strongly influenced by regional oceanography, coastal water masses, river runoff and coastal geomorphology. Based on these geomorphological, hydrological and ecological features, we characterised the distribution of seagrass habitats and abundances within the major coastal compartments. The current conservation status of Brazilian seagrasses and SAV is critical. The unsustainable exploitation and occupation of coastal areas and the multifold anthropogenic footprints left during the last 100 years led to the loss and degradation of shoreline habitats potentially suitable for seagrass occupation. Knowledge of the prevailing patterns and processes governing seagrass structure and functioning along the Brazilian coast is necessary for the global discussion on climate change. Our review is a first and much-needed step toward a more integrated and inclusive approach to understanding the diversity of coastal plant formations along the Southwestern Atlantic coast as well as a regional alert the projected or predicted effects of global changes on the goods and services provided by regional seagrasses and SAV