Translation Profession Status in Vietnam: Document and Empirical Analyses

Although Olvera-Lobo et al. (2005) found that the volume of documents needed to be translated for cross-national purposes have multiplied manifold globally, including Vietnam, there is no research on the extent of professionalization of the translator in this market until now. This study thus aims at at giving a comprehensive overview on the status of the translation profession in Vietnam by analyzing documentary and empirical data and to indicate the degree of professionalization of this profession in Vietnam. While the findings showed academic attempts to enhance the professionalization of this profession in Vietnam, legal instruments’ analysis indicated the lack of official development evidence, especially in the full-time freelancing type. Via empirical survey and interview data, gaps between university translation degree and the real industry were also pointed out. Implications are then given out for pedagogical purpose

Key issues in medical translation among English-Vietnamese professional medical translators and medical professionals. A descriptive survey

While Kościałkowska-Okońska (2008), Muñoz-Miquel (2018), Badziński (2018) and Badziński (2019) all indicated major issues in medical translation such as specialized terminology and inequivalences, in Vietnamese context, until the end of 2020, there was no research relating to any specialized translation (Hoang, 2020). The aim of the study is thus to analyze problems in English-Vietnamese medical translation, which is a crucial communication and knowledge exchange medium of the human race by medical translators and medical professionals. A survey questionnaire with further comments isused to understand key problems in medical translation. The paper then discusses key position of some other problematic issues besides collocations that differs from Badziński (2019) results. A comparison with existing literature is fully incorporated as well

Intelligent Enforcemen to fFine-Grained Access Control Policies for SQL Queries

Máster Interuniversitario en Métodos Formales en Ingeniería InformáticaRecently, we proposed a model-driven methodology to support fine-grained access control (FGAC) at the database level. More specifically, we defined a model transformation function that inputs SQL queries and generates so-called security-aware SQL stored-procedures. As part of the proposal, we developed an application prototype, called SQL Security Injector (SQLSI). In a nutshell, given an FGAC policy S, a user u, with role r, and a query q, SQLSI automatically generates a storedprocedure sp, such that: if the user u is authorized, according to the FGAC policy S, to execute the query q, then calling the stored-procedure sp will return the same result as executing the query q; otherwise, calling the stored-procedure sp will signal an error. As expected, there is a performance overhead when executing an (unsecured) SQL query via the corresponding (secured) stored-procedure generated by SQLSI. The reason is clear: FGAC policies require performing authorization checks on the current state of the system, which, in the case of executing SQL queries, will translate into performing authorization checks at execution-time on the database. SQLSI takes care of generating these checks and makes sure that they are called at execution-time when a protected resource is accessed. There are cases, however, where these authorization checks are unnecessary, and, therefore, the performance overhead can and should be avoided. For example: when the database integrity constraints guarantee that these checks will always be successful; or, when the current state of the database guarantees that these checks will be successful in this state. In this thesis, I propose to develop a formal, model-based methodology for enforcing FGAC policies when executing SQL queries in a smart, efficient way. First of all, I identify situations in which performing authorization checks when executing SQL queries seem unnecessary, based on the invariants of the underlying data model, or based on the known properties of the given scenario, or based on the known properties of the arguments of the given query. Secondly, I formally prove that performing authorization checks when executing SQL queries in these situations is indeed unnecessary. Thirdly, I develop a tool for detecting unnecessary authorization checks when executing SQL queries

The Rise and Fall of Public Higher Education in the United States: Implications for Socioeconomic Inequality

This paper aims to explore how shifting federal, state, and individual priorities have transformed public higher education from a bastion of quality higher education for the greatest number of people to a more privatized state that only provides access and choice to those who can afford them. Decreased public support and state appropriations for public higher education schools have led many institutions to privatize themselves through increasing tuition prices and enrolling more out-of-state and international students who can afford to pay the full sticker price. At the same time, federal financial aid programs have become more and more geared towards assisting middle- and upper-income families, rather than focusing their efforts on removing financial barriers for low-income students. Combined, these two trends have manifested greater socioeconomic inequality for students with low-incomes; public higher education institutions are slowly turning their backs on those for whom federally funded public colleges and universities were built

Black Hole Mergers in Galactic Nuclei Induced by the Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect

Nuclear star clusters around massive black holes are expected to be abundant in stellar mass black holes and black hole binaries. These binaries form a hierarchical triple system with the massive black hole at the center. Gravitational perturbations from the massive black hole can cause high eccentricity excitation. During this process, the eccentricity may approach unity, and the pericenter distance may become sufficiently small that gravitational wave emission drives the binary to merge. In this paper, we consider a simple proof of concept and explore the effect of the eccentric Kozai-Lidov mechanism for unequal mass binaries. We perform a set of Monte Carlo simulations on BH-BH binaries in galactic nuclei with quadrupole and octupole-level secular perturbations, general relativistic precession, and gravitational wave emission. For a nominal number of steady-state BH-BH binaries, our model gives a total merger rate $\sim 1 - 3$$Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}$, depending on the assumed density profile. Thus, our model potentially competes with other dynamical mechanisms, such as the dynamical formations and mergers of BH binaries in globular clusters or dense nuclear clusters without a massive black hole. We provide predictions for the distributions of these LIGO sources in galactic nuclei.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, accepted to Ap