Health aid and health improvement in sub-saharan africa: accounting for the heterogeneity between stable states and post-conflict states

Using a sample of 34 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1990–2012, thispaper reveals that health aid helps to improve health outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries.More specifically, for each additional unit of health aid, the prevalence of HIV decreases by 8.3%and child mortality decreases by 64% over 4 years. This effect operates mainly through theimprovement of female education and the increase in health spending. Furthermore, the results donot support the hypothesis of a significant difference between post-conflict states and stable statesin terms of aid effectiveness

The Boundedly Rational User Equilibrium: A parametric analysis with application to the Network Design Problem

In this paper, we study a static traffic assignment that accounts for the boundedly rational route choice behavior of travelers. This assignment induces uncertainties to the ex-ante evaluation of a policy measure: the boundedly rational assignment is non-unique and the indifference band is an uncertain parameter. We consider two different ways to model the optimization problem that finds the best and worst-performing Boundedly Rational User Equilibrium with respect to the total travel time (Best/Worst-case BRUE). The first is the so-called branch approach, the second is a bilevel model. The latter approach is better suited to exploit techniques from parametric optimization and enables us, e.g., to prove the continuity of the optimal value function corresponding to the Best/Worst-case BRUE with respect to perturbations in the indifference band. We report on some numerical experiments. In addition, we extend our results to the Network Design Problem: we prove the existence of a second-best toll pricing scheme under bounded rationality