The clinical behavior of mixed ductal/lobular carcinoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic analysis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To date, the clinical presentation and prognosis of mixed ductal/lobular mammary carcinomas has not been well studied, and little is known about the outcome of this entity. Thus, best management practices remain undetermined due to a dearth of knowledge on this topic.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this paper, we present a clinicopathologic analysis of patients at our institution with this entity and compare them to age-matched controls with purely invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and historical data from patients with purely lobular carcinoma and also stain-available tumor specimens for E-cadherin. We have obtained 100 cases of ductal and 50 cases of mixed ductal/lobular breast carcinoma.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Clinically, the behavior of mixed ductal/lobular tumors seemed to demonstrate some important differences from their ductal counterparts, particularly a lower rate of metastatic spread but with a much higher rate of second primary breast cancers.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our data suggests that mixed ductal/lobular carcinomas are a distinct clinicopathologic entity incorporating some features of both lobular and ductal carcinomas and representing a pleomorphic variant of IDC.</p

Problems facing university students during Corona pandemic

University students face many problems and difficulties that hinder their academic and scientific careers. The researchers, in various locations, seek to find solutions to them, especially in light of the global pandemic of Corona, which has exacerbated these problems. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the problems facing university students at Al-Balqa Applied University in Jordan during the Corona pandemic from their viewpoints. Also, this study aimed to identify the relationship between these problems and some variables, such as gender, type of major and academic degree. The researcher used the descriptive approach and developed a questionnaire. The study sample comprised 700 male and female students in the second semester of the academic year (2021/2022). The study concluded that the students’ levels of problems got a high degree in all domains and on the instrument as a whole. Besides, there were statistically significant differences following the gender variable in favor of males. The study concluded that there were statistically significant differences following the type of academic major variable and in favor of students of scientific majors. There were no statistically significant differences due to the student’s academic degree variable (intermediate diploma, bachelor’s degree)

Physicochemical properties of kashk supplemented with encapsulated lemongrass extract

Kashk is a perishable fermented dairy product. Since chemical preservatives are harmful for human health, we aimed to study lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus L.) as a natural preservative. First, we assessed the phytochemical properties of lemongrass extract. Then, we added lemongrass extract and microencapsulated lemongrass extract to kashk samples. Finally, we analyzed their physicochemical and sensorial properties during 60 days of storage. Catechin (419.04 ± 0.07 mg/L), gallic acid (319.67 ± 0.03 mg/L), and chloregenic acid (4.190 ± 0.002 mg/L) were found to be the predominant phenolic constituents in lemongrass. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant activity (IC50) values of the lemongrass extract were 26.73 mg GA/g, 8.06 mg Quercetin/g, and 2751.331 mg/L, respectively. The beads were spherical in shape with a 35.03-nm average particle diameter and 47.81% microencapsulation efficiency. The pH of the supplemented kashks decreased during the storage time. They showed lower acid degree values than the control at the end of storage. The peroxide, p-anisidine, and thiobarbituric acid values of the sample fortified with microencapsulated lemongrass extract were 6.15, 4.76, and 44.12%, respectively, being the lowest among the samples. This kashk sample had the highest hardness (570.62 ± 21.87 g), adhesiveness (18.10 ± 4.36 mJ), and cohesiveness (0.56 ± 0.25) but the lowest chewiness (72.66 ± 3.08 mJ) among the samples. It also had a better sensory profile than the control samples. Our results indicated that microencapsulated lemongrass extract could be incorporated into kashk to ensure suitable sensorial and textural properties. Furthermore, it may delay fat oxidation and lipolysis during storage