Climate-Resilient Agricultural Practices in Different Agro-ecological Zones of Bangladesh

Bangladesh is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change due to its unique geographical position, the dominance of floodplains, low elevation, high population density, high levels of poverty, and overwhelming dependence on nature, its resources, and services. Increasing temperatures, irregular rainfall, drought, and cyclones are adversely affecting agricultural production, in turn creating a high risk to the food security of Bangladesh’s large population. Large-scale climate-resilient practices (structural and nonstructural) are being implemented in different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) of Bangladesh, which have the potential to reduce the vulnerability and risks associated with climate change and contribute to sustainable agricultural development. This chapter explores the spontaneous and planned resilient practices and their possible contribution to food security in different AEZs of Bangladesh. We systematically classify and characterize agrarian adaptation options to climate change. To this end, first, we assess the impacts of climate change on the agriculture sector in Bangladesh. In addition, we analyze the determinants of farmer’s choices between alternative adaptation measures available in different AEZs. Finally, we identify the gaps in the implementation of those practices and the way forward with policy recommendations

Disaster risk index: How far should it take account of local attributes?

The coastal areas of Bangladesh are disaster prone. Along with natural hazards there are persisting local hazards (e.g., salinity, river bank erosion) in the coastal parts. An approach to disaster reduction strategy, therefore, varies here highly with other areas and also with other disasters. Disaster risk that comes from hazard, vulnerability and local capacity can only be applied here if the assessment addresses socio-political aspects as well. In this study we identified prevailing hazards including the ones which are particularly important for the study area. All hazards are then assessed based on local vulnerability and coping capacity. Participatory appraisal has been taken into account to understand the level of devastation of the disasters. All these qualitative aspects are then categorized to fit in mathematical model of disaster risk estimation. A GIS based approach of multi-criteria analysis has been applied to incorporate the spatial factors in the index. Therefore, the final output is enumerated for each land parcel (locally called mouza) where spatial variability is represented and shown on maps. There are 11 identified hazards in the study area which have association with 11 social factors of vulnerability. The disaster risk index (DRI) also takes account of three geographic factors of vulnerability that are aggregated with the social factors to calculate a reliable DRI. The aggregated outcome is finally validated with historical data of disaster occurrences in the study area and found significant correspondence. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd