206 research outputs found
NewâOnset Atrial Fibrillation is Associated With Cardiovascular Events Leading to Death in a First Time Myocardial Infarction Population of 89 703 Patients With LongâTerm FollowâUp:A Nationwide Study
BACKGROUND: Newâonset atrial fibrillation (AF) is reported to increase the risk of death in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. However, previous studies have reported conflicting results and no data exist to explain the underlying cause of higher death rates in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients with first acute MI between 1997 and 2009 in Denmark, without prior AF, were identified from Danish nationwide administrative registers. The impact of newâonset AF on allâcause mortality, cardiovascular death, fatal/nonfatal stroke, fatal/nonfatal reâinfarction and noncardiovascular death, were analyzed by multiple timeâdependent Cox models and additionally in propensity score matched analysis. In 89 703 patients with an average followâup of 5.0Âą3.5 years event rates were higher in patients developing AF (n=10 708) versus those staying in sinusârhythm (n=78 992): allâcause mortality 173.9 versus 69.4 per 1000 personâyears, cardiovascular death 137.2 versus 50.0 per 1000 personâyears, fatal/nonfatal stroke 19.6/19.9 versus 6.2/5.6 per 1000 personâyears, fatal/nonfatal reâinfarction 29.0/60.7 versus 14.2/37.9 per 1000 personâyears. In timeâdependent multiple Cox analyses, newâonset AF remained predictive of increased allâcause mortality (HR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.8 to 2.0]), cardiovascular death (HR: 2.1 [2.0 to 2.2]), fatal/nonfatal stroke (HR: 2.3 [2.1 to 2.6]/HR: 2.5 [2.2 to 2.7]), fatal/nonfatal reâinfarction (HR: 1.7 [1.6 to 1.8]/HR: 1.8 [1.7 to 1.9]), and nonâ cardiovascular death (HR: 1.4 [1.3 to 1.5]) all P<0.001). Propensityâscore matched analyses yielded nearly identical results (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Newâonset AF after firstâtime MI is associated with increased mortality, which is largely explained by more cardiovascular deaths. Focus on the prognostic impact of postâinfarct AF is warranted
Gain-switched all-fiber laser with narrow bandwidth
Gain-switching of a CW fiber laser is a simple and cost-effective approach to generate pulses using an all-fiber system. We report on the construction of a narrow bandwidth (below 0.1 nm) gain-switched fiber laser and optimize the pulse energy and pulse duration under this constraint. The extracted pulse energy is 20 jiJ in a duration of 135 ns at 7 kHz. The bandwidth increases for a higher pump pulse energy and repetition rate, and this sets the limit of the output pulse energy. A single power amplifier is added to raise the peak power to the kW-level and the pulse energy to 230 ĂJ while keeping the bandwidth below 0.1 nm. This allows frequency doubling in a periodically poled lithium tantalate crystal with a reasonable conversion efficiency
Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions Involving Vortioxetine (Lu AA21004), a Multimodal Antidepressant
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The identification and quantification of potential drugâdrug interactions is important for avoiding or minimizing the interaction-induced adverse events associated with specific drug combinations. Clinical studies in healthy subjects were performed to evaluate potential pharmacokinetic interactions between vortioxetine (Lu AA21004) and co-administered agents, including fluconazole (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A inhibitor), ketoconazole (CYP3A and P-glycoprotein inhibitor), rifampicin (CYP inducer), bupropion (CYP2D6 inhibitor and CYP2B6 substrate), ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel (CYP3A substrates) and omeprazole (CYP2C19 substrate and inhibitor). METHODS: The ratio of central values of the test treatment to the reference treatment for relevant parameters (e.g., area under the plasma concentrationâtime curve [AUC] and maximum plasma concentration [C(max)]) was used to assess pharmacokinetic interactions. RESULTS: Co-administration of vortioxetine had no effect on the AUC or C(max) of ethinyl estradiol/levonorgestrel or 5â˛-hydroxyomeprazole, or the AUC of bupropion; the 90 % confidence intervals for these ratios of central values were within 80â125 %. Steady-state AUC and C(max) of vortioxetine increased when co-administered with bupropion (128 and 114 %, respectively), fluconazole (46 and 15 %, respectively) and ketoconazole (30 and 26 %, respectively), and decreased by 72 and 51 %, respectively, when vortioxetine was co-administered with rifampicin. Concomitant therapy was generally well tolerated; most adverse events were mild or moderate in intensity. CONCLUSION: Dosage adjustment may be required when vortioxetine is co-administered with bupropion or rifampicin. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40261-013-0117-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
Order and quantum phase transitions in the cuprate superconductors
It is now widely accepted that the cuprate superconductors are characterized
by the same long-range order as that present in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer
(BCS) theory: that associated with the condensation of Cooper pairs. We argue
that many physical properties of the cuprates require interplay with additional
order parameters associated with a proximate Mott insulator. We review a
classification of Mott insulators in two dimensions, and contend that the
experimental evidence so far shows that the class appropriate to the cuprates
has collinear spin correlations, bond order, and confinement of neutral, spin
S=1/2 excitations. Proximity to second-order quantum phase transitions
associated with these orders, and with the pairing order of BCS, has led to
systematic predictions for many physical properties. We use this context to
review the results of recent neutron scattering, fluxoid detection, nuclear
magnetic resonance, and scanning tunnelling microscopy experiments.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, non-technical review article; some technical
details in the companion review cond-mat/0211027; (v3) added refs; (v4)
numerous improvements thanks to the referees, to appear in Reviews of Modern
Physics; (v6) final version as publishe
Effects on musculoskeletal pain, work ability and sickness absence in a 1-year randomised controlled trial among cleaners
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Only a few workplace initiatives among cleaners have been reported, even though they constitute a job group in great need of health promotion. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effect of either physical coordination training or cognitive behavioural training on musculoskeletal pain, work ability and sickness absence among cleaners.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cluster-randomised controlled trial was conducted among 294 female cleaners allocated to either physical coordination training (PCT), cognitive behavioural training (CBTr) or a reference group (REF). Questionnaires about musculoskeletal pain and work ability were completed at baseline and after one year's intervention. Sickness absence data were obtained from the managers' records. Analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat-principle (ITT).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No overall reduction in musculoskeletal pain, work ability or sickness absence from either PCT or CBTr compared with REF was found in conservative ITT analyses. However, explorative analyses revealed a treatment effect for musculoskeletal pain of the PCT. People with chronic neck/shoulder pain at baseline were more frequently non-chronic at follow-up after PCT compared with REF (p = 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The PCT intervention appeared effective for reducing chronic neck/shoulder pain among the female cleaners. It is recommended that future interventions among similar high-risk job groups focus on the implementation aspects of the interventions to maximise outcomes more distal from the intervention such as work ability and sickness absence.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>ISRCTN: <a href="http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN96241850">ISRCTN96241850</a></p
Interactions of Cathinone NPS with Human Transporters and Receptors in Transfected Cells
Pharmacological assays carried out in transfected cells have been very useful for describing the mechanism of action of cathinone new psychoactive substances (NPS). These in vitro characterizations provide fast and reliable information on psychoactive substances soon after they emerge for recreational use. Well-investigated comparator compounds, such as methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, cocaine, and lysergic acid diethylamide, should always be included in the characterization to enhance the translation of the in vitro data into clinically useful information. We classified cathinone NPS according to their pharmacology at monoamine transporters and receptors. Cathinone NPS are monoamine uptake inhibitors and most induce transporter-mediated monoamine efflux with weak to no activity at pre- or postsynaptic receptors. Cathinones with a nitrogen-containing pyrrolidine ring emerged as NPS that are extremely potent transporter inhibitors but not monoamine releasers. Cathinones exhibit clinically relevant differences in relative potencies at serotonin vs. dopamine transporters. Additionally, cathinone NPS have more dopaminergic vs. serotonergic properties compared with their non-β-keto amphetamine analogs, suggesting more stimulant and reinforcing properties. In conclusion, in vitro pharmacological assays in heterologous expression systems help to predict the psychoactive and toxicological effects of NPS
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