Plot and Tonal Design as Compositional Constraints in Il trovatore

For more than a decade, Il trovatore has served as a focus of scholarly investigations into Verdi's treatment of tonal structure. To date, its tonal plan has been viewed primarily from three directions: 1) as a long-range prolongation of a cadential harmonic progression (Levarie); 2) as a system of tonal double cycles and short-range symmetries (Parker); or 3) as a network of associations between keys and characters (Baldini, Petrobelli, Drabkin). Balthazar suggests an alternative way in which Verdi used long range key relationships in Il trovatore to interpret and reinforce its plot structure By establishing separate constellations of keys for Azucena and Leonora and by moving within and between these constellations in specific ways, his music distinguishes independent plot lines, underscores their convergences, articulates shifts from one event to the next, and connects related events This analytic approach explains tonal relationships in Ii trovatore consistently and comprehensively, accounting for all primary keys. Moreover, by attending to parallels between key and plot, it connects tonal ordering to the text's principal source of dynamic cohesion, giving emphasis-as Verdi might have-to linear aspects of drama and the infusion of action into lyric numbers. Balthazar offers explanations of these phenomenons

Characterization in bi-parameter space of a non-ideal oscillator

The authors thank scientific agencies CAPES, CNPq (112952/2015-1), and FAPESP (2011/ 19269-11). M. S. Baptista also thanks EPSRC (EP/I03 2606/1).Peer reviewedPostprin

The Rhythm of Text and Music in Ottocento Melody: An Empirical Reassessment in Light of Contemporary Treatises

Two important studies have approached these same issues through empirical examination of the ottocento repertory: Robert Moreen's dissertation on textual and musical form in Verdi's early operas, and Friedrich Lippmann's study of textual and musical rhythm in late-eighteenth and nineteenth-century Italian opera. Moreen and Lippmann viewed rhythmic aspects of the text-music relationship from opposite perspectives. Moreen concentrated on musical metric accent and its relationship to poetic scansion, that is, the placement of poetic accents within measures, without specific regard for note-to-note melodic rhythms. In contrast, Lippmann's narrower, yet more exhaustive study of melodies from Mozart through Verdi attempts to categorize musical rhythmic motives and to attribute their occurrences to characteristics of various poetic meters. Despite this important difference, in more than a decade since these studies first appeared-perhaps because neither was published as a book-no one has seriously reviewed their implications or tried to assess the validity of their theses, to reconcile their diverging approaches, or to compare their conclusions with contemporary formulations. In the following pages, my attempt at such an assessment will lead me to propose a new approach for understanding poetic and musical rhythm in ottocento opera. We will see that the writings of Baini, Asioli, and Ritorni, while sometimes contradictory and often problematic, provide invaluable clarification of ottocento text-setting practices, revealing complexities that we have not previously considered. In doing so, they contribute a necessary contemporary point of reference from which we can evaluate Moreen's and Lippmann's contrasting hypotheses and open new avenues of empirical investigation that enable us to refine present-day views of the text-music relationship

Elastic Constitutive Laws and Stability Analyses

In this paper, the influence of several elastic constitutive laws upon the stability analyses of plane trusses is discussed. The chosen laws are connected to the engineering strain, Green’s strain and logarithmic strain concepts. A geometrically exact nonlinear formulation for a truss bar element is developed for each of them and the correspondent tangent stiffness matrices are obtained. The stability analyses of some sample plane trusses are performed by finding the conditions when the determinant of their respective global tangent stiffness matrices is found to be zero. The first example is a symmetric two-bar structure and both limit loads and buckling loads are plotted for the full range of possible initial inclination angles of the bars for the three chosen constitutive laws. A similar truss with an extra vertical bar is studied to discuss possible material instability if Green’s strain concept is adopted

Analisis Kemampuan Keuangan Daerah Pemerintah Kabupaten Jayapura

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and obtain empirical evidence about the financial performance of Jayapura regency government in fiscal year 2010-2014, measured from the level of independence of local, regional dependency rate, the level of fiscal decentralization, the level of effectiveness and efficiency of financial management and fiscal capacity Jayapura regency in fiscal year 2010-2014, measured through share and growth Local Revenue. The results obtained from this study is that the financial capacity of Jayapura regency, measured from the level of the region's autonomy in fiscal year 2010-2014 included in the criteria are lacking, and the level of dependence of the region in that period qualifies as a very high criteria instructive relationship patterns. The ratio of fiscal decentralization is still lacking, the level of effectiveness of regional revenue in 2010-2014 classified in the category of very effective with a ratio of regional revenue collection efficiency is very efficient. The financial capacity of the district of Jayapura in this case the level of independence and dependence of the area and the level of fiscal decentralization is considered good if the government of Jayapura District has been able to raise the percentage of acceptance of regional revenue to be in the top 40% of the fund balance, because then the Local Revenue will contribute greater of the total regional expenditure. Keywords: financial capacity of local, regional autonomy, regional dependence, fiscal decentralization, effectiveness, efficienc

Design of a millifluidic device for the evaluation of blue-light disinfection on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 biofilm

Significance: For the first time to our knowledge, a millifluidic device has been designed to observe the effects of blue-light irradiation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01 bacterial biofilm. Approach: A bacterial biofilm is formed under controlled flow of nutrients in microfabricated channels settled on a microscope stage. The setup is devised to apply defined irradiation and evaluate the photo-killing efficiency in situ using video-microscopy and fluorescent probes. Results: We investigated bacterial survival after delivering a precise, controlled and spatially defined blue light dose upon growing biofilm. We demonstrate in this report that the combined use of constitutive GFP and propidium iodide in a millifluidic setup enables to evidence light-induced mortality at the single cell and community level. Conclusions: Real-time monitoring of a bacterial biofilm growing in a millifluidic device after irradiation opens an avenue for a better understanding of the biofilm community response to blue-light, permitting researchers to approach photokilling efficiency of biofilm as a dynamic process

A tutorial review on time-frequency analysis of non-stationary vibration signals with nonlinear dynamics applications

Time-frequency analysis (TFA) for mechanical vibrations in non-stationary operations is the main subject of this article, concisely written to be an introducing tutorial comparing different time-frequency techniques for non-stationary signals. The theory was carefully exposed and complemented with sample applications on mechanical vibrations and nonlinear dynamics. A particular phenomenon that is also observed in non-stationary systems is the Sommerfeld effect, which occurs due to the interaction between a non-ideal energy source and a mechanical system. An application through TFA for the characterization of the Sommerfeld effect is presented. The techniques presented in this article are applied in synthetic and experimental signals of mechanical systems, but the techniques presented can also be used in the most diverse applications and also in the numerical solution of differential equation

Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi Anggaran Berbasis Kinerja

The purpose of the study was to analyze what factors influence the Performance Based Budget by using a sample of 87 respondents working at the Secretariat of the Papuan People\u27s Representative Council. While the data analysis technique used is the Ordinary least square (OLS) technique. The results of the study are indicated by the calculation of the mean (mean) of 32 item questions and 87 respondents and the result is 137.31. If the value is compared to the criteria that the author has set, then the average value is included in the "Very Good" category. While the results of the partial analysis of organizational commitment (X1) have a significant and positive influence on the performance-based budget of 1,261. Keywords: Performance Based Budge