Elicitation test of cell suspensions using as elicitor an extract of "Moringa oleifera" root

Traballo fin de grao (UDC.CIE). Bioloxía. Curso 2016/2017[Resumo] Moringa oleifera é unha árbore con características metabólicas singulares, cunha elevada cantidade e variedade de metabolitos secundarios con múltiples funcións, dentro das cales podemos resaltar as relacionadas cás funcións defensivas como é a capacidade antioxidante, parcialmente ligada cos compostos fenolicos. Dadas estas características da árbore propúxose un experimento de elicitación cun extracto da raíz en suspensións celulares de Capsicum annuum var. annuum co fin de ver como afectaba este extracto sobre a resposta antioxidante e os compostos fenólicos das suspensións. Os resultados obtidos indican diferenzas significativas na capacidade antioxidante entre as suspensións controis e as tratadas co extracto de M. oleifera, observándose importantes incrementos de ata o triplo de actividade nas mostras cunha elevada concentración do extracto, nos niveis de compostos fenólicos tamén se reportan diferenzas significativas nas primeiras 48 horas, obtívose unha maior concentración nas suspensións tratadas. Os resultados lévannos a preguntarnos se o emprego de extractos desta especie podería ter unha posible aplicación como pretratamento fronte ós axentes bióticos e abióticos, activando os sistemas defensivos das plantas antes de que se produza unha infección ou estrés e posibilitando unha resposta defensiva mais efectiva como pode ser un aumento da capacidade antioxidante.[Resumen] Moringa oleifera es un árbol con características metabólicas singulares, con una elevada cantidad y variedad de metabolitos secundarios con múltiples funciones, dentro de las cuales podemos resaltar las relacionadas con las funciones defensivas como es la capacidad antioxidante, parcialmente ligada con los compuestos fenólicos. Dadas estas características del árbol se propuso un experimento de elicitación con extracto de la raíz en suspensiones celulares de Capsicum annuum var. annuum con el fin de ver como afectaba este extracto sobre la respuesta antioxidante y los compuestos fenólicos de las suspensiones. Los resultados obtenidos indican diferencias significativas en la capacidad antioxidante entre las suspensiones controles y las tratadas con el extracto de M. oleifera, observándose importantes incrementos de hasta el triple de actividad en las muestras con una elevada concentración del extracto, en los niveles de compuestos fenólicos también se reportan diferencias significativas en las primeras 48 horas, se obtuvo una mayor concentración en las suspensiones tratadas. Los resultados nos llevan a preguntarnos si el empleo de extractos o sueros de esta especie podría tener una posible aplicación como pretratamiento frente a los agentes bióticos y abióticos, activando los sistemas defensivos de las plantas antes de que se produzca una infección o estrés y posibilitando una respuesta defensiva más efectiva como puede ser un aumento de la capacidad antioxidante.[Abstract] Moringa oleifera is a tree with unique metabolic characteristics, with a high quantity and variety of secondary metabolites with multiple functions, inside of which we can highlight those related to defensive functions as it is partially linked with phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity. Given these characteristics of the tree was proposed an experiment of elicitation with root extract in cell suspensions to Capsicum annuum var. annuum in order to see how it affected this extract on antioxidant response and phenolic compounds in suspensions. The results indicate significant differences in antioxidant capacity between suspensions controls and those treated with the extract of M. oleifera, Noting significant increases of up to three times the activity in samples with a high concentration of extract in the levels of phenolic compounds are also reported significant differences in the first 48 hours, obtained a higher concentration in the treated suspensions. The results lead us to wonder if the use of extracts from this species may have a possible application as a pretreatment against biotic and abiotic agents activating the defensive systems of the plants until there is an infection or stress and allowing a defensive response more effective as it may be an increase in antioxidant capacity

Nasality triggered by /ɲ/ in two portuguese varieties of Sao Tome and Principe

This study describes and analyzes the nasality triggered by /ɲ/ in the Portuguese spoken in São Tomé (PST) and in the Portuguese spoken in Príncipe (PP). PST and PP are Portuguese varieties from São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) that present particular linguistic characteristics. Considering the context of linguistic contact into which PST and PP are inserted, we aim to (i) propose a phonological analysis of nasality triggered by /ɲ/ in PST and PP, and (ii) investigate the presence of ambisyllabic structures. Based on Autosegmental Phonology (Goldsmith 1976; 1990) as the phonological theory and laboratory phonology (Ohala, 1995) as the methodology and considering the phonotactic analysis of vowels, we observed that nasality can be triggered by /ɲ/, a nasal consonant that occupies an ambisyllabic structure. Thus, the palatal nasal nasalizes left contiguous vowels in stressed and unstressed syllables. This nasalization process is possible because /ɲ/ is in coda, resulting in a CVN syllable structure and triggering tautosyllabic nasality. Even though it is optional, the nasality triggered by /ɲ/ occurs independently of the vowel quality and the word stress, as described for BP (Wetzels, 1997)

Travelling plays, travelling audiences : from Carr's Irish midlands to somewhere lost and found in Brazil

Translating for the stage involves a multiple range of negotiations. Based on Carlson's (2001) notion of the «haunted stage» and Budick's (1996) conception of translation as inhabiting the «in-between», this paper addresses the question of location in the dramaturgical translation of Marina Carr's (1998) By the Bog of Cats... into Brazilian Portuguese under the title Era uma vez, no Pântano dos Gatos... The original play is set in the Irish Midlands, and its language sets a tone of bleakness and desolation, enlivened by crucial notes of humour. The challenge of translating this play into Brazilian Portuguese revolves around the dialogical movement between two different landscapes in which hidden similarities remain to be unlocked. That is to say that, when re-creating Ireland in Brazil, Brazil itself is also re-created in multiple versions on the theatrical stage. Therefore, this paper exposes the way a translated play travels from the Irish Midlands to diaphanous «wheres» in Brazil, and reveals competing notions of familiarity and strangeness.Traduir per a l'escena implica un ampli espectre de negociacions. Partint de la noció del «haunted stage» ('l'escenari embruixat') de Carlson (2001) i la concepció de Budick's (1996) de la traducció com a estadi intermedi, aquest article tracta la qüestió de l'entorn en la traducció dramatúrgica de By the Bog of Cats..., de Marina Carr (1998) al portuguès del Brasil amb el títol Era uma vez, no Pântano dos Gatos... L'obra original està ambientada a la regió central d'Irlanda, amb un llenguatge de to desesperat i de desolació, animat per notes d'humor. El repte de traduir aquesta obra al portuguès del Brasil gira al voltant del diàleg entre dos paisatges diferents en què cal descobrir les semblances amagades. És a dir, quan es recrea Irlanda al Brasil, el mateix Brasil també es recrea en múltiples versions a l'escenari. Per tant, aquest article exposa com l'obra traduïda viatja des d'Irlanda als diàfans paisatges del Brasil, i revela la lluita entre el que és conegut i el que és forà

Black into white and preto no branco: can you tell one's colour by the company one keeps?

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2009.This Thesis was carried out at the interface between Corpus-based Translation Studies (CTS) and Systemic Functional Translation Studies (SFTS). CTS informs the methodological apparatus which framed this Thesis. SFTS provides conceptual tools to look at how the Brazilian entity mestiço is construed in North American English in the textualisation Black into White, and how it is construed in Brazilian Portuguese in the re-textualisation Preto no Branco by means of the categories of the experiential component of the ideational metafunction of language, and by means of the categories of lexical cohesion. The book was written by the Brazil-specialist Thomas Skidmore, and published for the first time in 1974. In 1976, the book was published in Brazil translated by the Brazilian diplomat Raul de Sá Barbosa. The book, which proposes to describe Brazilian racial thought, narrates Brazilian political and social turnabouts from the abolition of slavery until the late thirties of the twentieth century. In this vein, the research questions which guide this Thesis are: (i) How are the mestiços construed in terms of processes in the ideational metafunction of language both in Black into White and Preto no Branco? Do ideational patterns arise in the two representations? If so, which? (ii) Is the cohesive chain of the textualisation different from that of the re-textualisation? (iii) Do textualisation and re-textualisation reaffirm the racist thought of 1870-1930? Textualisation and re-textualisation do not diverge considerably in terms of ideational constructions, though interesting patterns of new language construction have arisen in the re-textualisation. Predominant material and relational processes seem to realise the mestiço in agreement with racist thought that influenced Brazilian political posture from late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. The lexical cohesive chain of the re-textualisation follows pretty much the same patterns of the textualisation.Esta dissertação foi desenvolvida no âmbito dos Estudos da Tradução baseados em Corpora (ETC) e dos Estudos da Tradução Sistêmico-Funcionais (ETSF). Os ETC moldam os parâmetros metodológicos que desenham este trabalho. Os ETSF fornecem as ferramentas de análise que investigam como a entidade brasileira mestiço é construída em Inglês Norte-Americano na textualização Black into White e como é construída em Português Brasileiro na re-textualização Preto no Branco por meio de categorias do componente experiencial da metafunção ideacional da linguagem e por meio de categorias da coesão lexical. Black into White foi escrito pelo brasilianista Thomas Skidmore publicado pela primeira vez nos EUA em 1974. Em 1976, o livro foi publicado no Brasil na tradução do diplomata aposentado Raul de Sá Barbosa. O livro, uma proposta de descrição do pensamento racial brasileiro, narra os trâmites políticos e sociais iniciais da abolição da escravatura até a década de trinta do século XX. Com base nisso, as seguintes perguntas de pesquisa orientam este estudo: (i) quais processos constroem os mestiços na textualização e na re-textualização? Que padrões ideacionais e textuais surgem?; (ii) A cadeia coesiva lexical da textualização é diferente daquela da re-textualização? (iii) A textualização e a re-textualização reafirmam o suposto pensamento racista de 1870-1930? A textualização a e re-textualização não apresentam grandes diferenças em suas construções ideacionais, embora haja interessantes padrões de novas construções de linguagem na re-textualização. A predominância de processos materiais e relacionais parece apontar para a representação do mestiço em consonância com o pensamento racista que embasou posturas políticas de fins do século XIX a meados do século XX. A cadeia coesiva lexical da re-textualização tende a seguir os mesmos padrões da textualização

Influence of equivalent circuit resistances on operating parameters on three-phase induction motors with powers up to 50 kw

This work shows the results obtained from studying the influence of equivalent circuit resistances on three-phase induction motors. The stator resistance, rotor resistance, and iron losses resistance affect the different motor operating variables (output power, current, speed, power factor, starting ratios, and maximum torque). These influences have been quantified, paying particular attention to the losses affected and their impact on efficiency. The study carried out does not apply optimization techniques. It evaluates the different influences of the equivalent circuit’s different resistances on its operation by evaluating applicable constructive modifications concerning available motors. The work has been limited to three-phase induction motors up to 50 kW and low voltage, with the nominal powers of the selected motors being 0.25 kW, 1.5 kW, 7.5 kW, 22 kW, and 45 kW. The tools used to carry out the study are analyzing the equivalent circuit and the simulation of the electromagnetic structure using a finite-element program. The variations proposed in each resistance for all the motors studied is not purely theoretical, as it is based on applying feasible constructive modifications, appropriately analyzed and simulated. These modifications are the variation of the conductor diameter in the stator coils, the change of the section of the rotor cage, and the selection of different ferromagnetic steel types. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, SwitzerlandPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Templates silábicos no Português do Príncipe: processos em coda e ‘prevalência’ de sílabas CV

This article discuss syllabification in Portuguese of Príncipe (PP), variety of Portuguese spoken in Santo Antônio, in São Tomé and Príncipe. We will focus on coda. We present initially syllable templates in PP, indicating which segments are licensed in syllable constituents. After that, we survey some phonological processes implemented in coda. Based on a spontaneous speech corpus, we verified that coda constituent, in PP, can be filled with multiple phonetic realizations of a rhotic /r/, a sibilant /S/, a lateral /l/ or even a subspecified nasal /N/, similar to other Portuguese varieties such as Brazilian and European Portuguese. Phonological processes in coda domain and with /r/, /S/ and /l/ as targets, were also observed: deletion, velarization, vocalization and posteriorization. These phenomena, in PP, corroborate a hierarchical conception for syllable structure in PP, and indicate two grammatical and paradoxical trajectories: the prevalence of CV syllables fostered by segmental deletions and lenition, suggesting closed syllables adaptation into open syllables, and the emergence of complex structures, promoted by /S/ resyllabification.Este artigo discute a silabificação no Português do Príncipe (PP), variedade da língua portuguesa falada em Santo Antônio do Príncipe, em São Tomé e Príncipe. Focaremos, para tanto, na coda. Apresentamos, inicialmente, os templates silábicos do PP, indicando os segmentos licenciados nos diferentes constituintes da sílaba. Após isso, fazemos o levantamento de alguns processos fonológicos, cujo domínio é a coda. Com base em um corpus de fala espontânea, verificamos que a coda, no PP, pode ser preenchida, com múltiplas realizações fonéticas de um rótico /r/, uma sibilante /S/, uma lateral /l/ ou mesmo abarcar uma nasal subespecificada /N/, da mesma forma que é previsto para outras variedades do português como a brasileira e a europeia. Processos fonológicos que têm a coda como domínio de aplicação e as consoantes /r/, /S/ e /l/ como alvo também foram observados: apagamentos, velarização, vocalização e posteriorização. O levantamento de tais fenômenos, no PP, corrobora uma concepção hierárquica para tratamento da estrutura silábica do PP e indica a atuação de duas trajetórias gramaticais paradoxais: a prevalência de sílabas CV fomentada por apagamentos e lenição segmentais, em que sílabas fechadas se adaptam em sílabas abertas, e a emergência de estruturas silábicas complexas, promovidas pela ressilabificação de /S/

Torque ripple minimization for a Switched Reluctance Motor

This paper presents the desired current references in order to minimize the torque ripple for a Switched Reluctance Motor. From the torque equation, and using switch on and switch off angles, the desired current waveforms are obtained. Simulations validates the study and are compared with the constant current references casePostprint (published version

The Importance of Preventive and Corrective Maintenance in Works

The present study addresses the problems brought by the lack of preventive and corrective maintenance. The purpose of this work is to focus on the importance of preventive and corrective maintenance, for the prevention and conservation of engineering works. This work will focus and indicate some guidelines and measures that must be taken to keep the engineering works in order and in a good state of repair. The importance of the implementation of preventive and corrective maintenance for engineering works will also be mentioned, as well as the importance of always having at disposal a specialized team to be always ready to attend such eventualities that may occur in the facilities of this type of service and what are the basic requirements for a good manutentor

The Bone Marrow Endosteal Niche: How Far from the Surface?

aaHematopoietic stem cells (HSC) self‐renewal takes place in the same microenvironment in which massive hematopoietic progenitor proliferation, commitment, and differentiation will occur. This is only made possible if the bone marrow microenvironment comprises different specific niches, composed by different stromal cells that work in harmony to regulate all the steps of the hematopoiesis cascade. Histological and functional assays indicated that HSC and multipotent progenitors preferentially colonize the endosteal and subendosteal regions, in close association with the bone surface. Conversely, committed progenitors and differentiated cells are distributed in the central and perisinusoidal regions, respectively. Over the last decade, many investigative teams sought to define which cell types regulate the HSC niche, how they are organized, and to what extent they interface with each other. System dynamics requires different stromal cells to operate distinct functions over similar HSC pools rather than a single stromal cell type controlling everything. Therefore, our focus herein is to depict the players in the endosteal and subendosteal regions, named the endosteal niche, a necessary step to better understand the interactions of the HSC within the niche and to identify potential targets to manipulate and/or modulate normal and malignant HSC behavior. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 6–11, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/109640/1/jcb24952.pd