The X(Disciplinarity) of Information Science

The Master Thesis deals with the x-disciplinarity of information science, as it is considered as a multi-, inter- or transdisciplinary discipline in the discourse of this subject. But what in particular do these concepts mean and how are they specifically differentiated from each other? The thesis introduces the concept of disciplinarity with a historical approach and presents the development of different cooperation concepts (multi-, trans-, interdisciplinarity) as well as of the concept of transscience (Transwissenschaft). The disciplinarity of information science is analyzed on a communicational, social and cognitive level. Beside the definition of the term “information”, the paradigmatic development of information science is drafted, followed by an evaluation of relevant publications and an application of the different concepts of disciplinarity to information science. It is concluded, on the basis of a critical analysis, that real collaboration within the discipline is needed instead of blurry labels

Empirical analysis of customer motives in the shareconomy: A cross-sectoral comparison

We present the results of an empirical study on German customers\u27 motives to participate in the shareconomy. We focus on four different industries with two companies each: accommodation renting (Airbnb vs. Couchsurfing), car sharing (DriveNow vs. tamyca), commodities (Leihdirwas vs. WHY own it) and clothing (Prêt-à-Louer vs. Kleiderkreisel). We can conclude that the lower prices compared to classical consumption offers provide the main motive for customers using sharing offers. Across industries, we find tremendous differences as regards the importance of further motives like environmental awareness or availability of offers. Based on the results of the study, we elaborate recommendations for the different sectors

Gender Injustice: System-Level Juvenile Justice Reforms for Girls

Despite decades of attention, the proportion of girls in the juvenile justice system has increased and their challenges have remained remarkably consistent, resulting in deeply rooted systemic gender injustice. The literature is clear that girls in the justice system have experienced abuse, violence, adversity, and deprivation across many of the domains of their lives—family, peers, intimate partners, and community. There is also increasing understanding of the sorts of programs helpful to these girls. What is missing is a focus on how systems—and particularly juvenile justice systems—can be redesigned to protect public safety and support the healing and healthy development of girls and young women. Juvenile justice systems reform is occurring across the country as a result of a growing understanding of developmental and neurological differences between youth and adults, the high cost of incarceration, and the consistent failure of a punitive juvenile justice model. However, even as systems are initiating reforms and changing their approach, they are routinely failing to modify those reforms for girls or even to collect data on how girls, specifically, are affected by the problems they are seeking to remedy. As a result, the particular impact on girls of failures in the juvenile justice system is not understood and few juvenile reforms are tailored to girls’ needs and pathways into the system— meaning girls and young women are unlikely to fully benefit from system reforms. Many of the problems discussed in this report are not unique to girls—and many of the suggested paths forward can benefit both boys and girls. However, because girls are frequently left out of reform discussions, an intentional focus on girls is needed to ensure that they fully benefit from system reforms. Indeed, in writing this report we were struck by the number of promising national and large-scale juvenile justice reform efforts that have not fully considered the role of gender in the problems they address or in the solutions they propose. If this intentional gender focus does not coexist with current large-scale system reforms, an important opportunity for gender justice and equity and developmental system reforms will be missed. To facilitate developmental juvenile justice system reform for girls, this report will: Map girls’ current paths into and through the juvenile justice system; Describe the social contexts driving girls’ behavior and involvement in the juvenile justice system; and Detail recommendations for an alternative, developmental approach to redesign juvenile justice systems to address harmful social contexts and girls’ resulting behaviors, rather than penalize and punish girls for challenges beyond their control. The recommendations included in this report are consistent with decades of research on adolescent development, as well as newer data on the development of girls in particular. With continued research on girls and an intentional focus on their needs, system stakeholders and policymakers can capitalize on current reforms that are already underway and ensure girls are not simply wedged into solutions meant for boys

Mikrofluidische Komponenten für die Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie

In dieser Dissertation wurden drei verschiedene Projekte („bistabiles Mikroventil auf Silizium-Basis“, „Lab-on-a-Chip für die Point-of-Care-Diagnostik“ und „Viruspartikel-Sensor“) bearbeitet und in deren Rahmen mehrere verschiedene Bauelemente entwickelt. Allen gemeinsam ist sowohl ihre Zuordnung zur Mikrofluidik als auch ihr Einsatzfeld, das sich im Bereich der Medizintechnik und Biotechnologie befindet. Das bistabile 2/2-Wege-Mikroventil wurde mit einem Formgedächtnis-Legierungs(FGL)-Aktor realisiert und ist für den Einsatz in einer implantierbaren Medikamentenpumpe ausgelegt. Durch die Eigenschaft, dass beide Schaltzustände des Ventils (offen und geschlossen) jeweils energielos gehalten werden können und nur für den Umschaltvorgang Energie benötigt wird, ist es sehr sparsam. Dies ist gerade im Implantat-Bereich von großer Bedeutung, da dort Energie nur in sehr begrenztem Umfang zur Verfügung steht. Die Detektionsmethoden des hier beschriebenen Lab-on-a-Chip und des Viruspartikel-Sensors basieren auf der Quarzmikrowaagen-Technologie. Diese massensensitive Nachweismethode kommt ohne kostspielige Marker aus, da der nachzuweisende Stoff direkt über Frequenzänderung detektiert wird, die durch die Anbindung an einen Quarzresonator ausgelöst wird. Hierfür wurde jeweils eine geeignete Anbindungsmethode des Zielmoleküls an den Quarzresonator gefunden und dieser in ein entsprechend den Anforderungen ausgelegtes mikrofluidisches System eingebettet. Für das Lab-on-a-Chip wurden zusätzlich zur Quarzmikrowaage, eine Affinitätschromatographie-Kammer und eine Blutzellen-Abtrennung auf Polydimethylsiloxan-Basis entwickelt, optimiert und eingebunden. Diese Komponenten sind notwendig um eine Detektion von C-reaktivem Protein (CRP) aus Blutplasma zu ermöglichen. Die Blutzellen-Abtrennung übernimmt den Schutz des Systems vor Verunreinigung durch Blutzellen, welche Messfehler und Verstopfungen auslösen können. Die Affinitätschromatographie-Kammer bindet das CRP und ermöglicht es so die Probe von anderen Proteinen, die die Messung auf dem Sensor stören könnten, zu befreien. Durch eine Ablösung des CRP aus der Kammer in einem kleinen Volumen kann die Konzentration erhöht und somit das Detektionsminimum des Sensors verbessert werden.In this doctoral thesis three projects with medical and biotechnological background are presented. In these projects different micro fluidic components have been developed. The first one described is an innovative low-energy 2–port/2–way microvalve with a bistable shape memory alloy actuator. It is especially designed to be integrated in implantable high precision dose infusion pumps typically used for patients with chronic pain. For this purpose many requirements like sterilizablility, long lifespan and an activation concept that avoid the risk of unintentional activation have to be fulfilled. As a main aim a substantial reduction of energy consumption was also achieved, because the valve only spends energy for switching and is able to keep each position without further energy supply. The second and third project deal with sensor systems based on quartz crystal micro balance (QCM) technology. The QCM detection process consists of measuring a direct frequency shift due to a mass deposition of an analyte on the surface, therefore allowing operation without expensive markers. For both applications the QCM was embedded in a fluid system made of inexpensive and biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane. Anyway they have completely different application areas and requirements. One sensor system is designed for point-of-care diagnostic for detection of inflammation parameters in blood serum. Therefore in addition to the quartz sensor a blood cell separation unit as well as an affinity chromatography unit were developed and optimized. All three parts were integrated in a lab-on-a-chip. The blood separation unit works without additional energy supply, because it is based on Zweifach-Fung-effect, centrifugal and dean forces. The affinity chromatography unit consists of a chamber filled with beads and is used to purify and concentrate the analyte. For this purpose the beads as well as the sensor surface have to be coated with a sensitive layer. In addition a valve system have been assembled likewise a software to control the valves and pumps to run the detection automatically. The other sensor system is made for online product detection in influenza vaccines production. In this processes viruses are commonly quantified via offline conducted assays. In order to minimize the amount of work and time for quantification this micro sensor system was designed to quantify Mardin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell derived influenza virus particles in clarified culture broth. This sensor has a special surface-coating based on Euonymus Europaeus Lectin