Violence towards Nurses

oai:ojs.pkp.sfu.ca:article/3Background: Although nurses worldwide are experienced violence in their workplace, how nurses experiences violence in India remains unclear. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the occurrence of violence towards nurses. (2) compare the physical and verbal violence towards nurses. (3)find the association between the violence and selected variables.Methods: A descriptive survey design Setting: National mental health and neuro science hospital (A), Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Participants: Purposive sampling technique was used which includes the nurses (1) working in Hospital A, (2) having minimum 6 (Six) months of experience. (3) who were available during data collection. (4) who were willing to participate in the study. majority i.e. 165 (92.2%) of the subjects are females and 14 (7.8%) are males, data further show that 147 (82.1%) subjects are staff nurses. A validated and reliable self administered questionnaire developed by the investigator was administered from 24th April 2006 to 25th May 2006.Results: Majority i.e. 156 (87.2%) of subjects experience violence, out of that 1O2 (57%) subjects experienced mild violence, whereas 23 subjects i.e. 12.8% never experienced violence, and fifty four (30.2%) experience moderate violence. The mean verbal violence score (5.40) is apparently higher than the mean physical violence score (1.55).Conclusion: These results suggest that nurses need to be trained in therapeutic communication and nonviolence self-defence techniques

Process control for micro embossing : initial variability study

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2004."June 2004."Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-182).The objective of this research is to study the dimensional variations in micro embossed parts. By measuring multiple parts produced with a fixed set of control inputs, it could be determined if the process is in statistical control, if the parts produced have any noticeable trends and if there are any other forms of deterministic or assignable disturbances that were overlooked. The experiment resulted in 50 sets of data consisting of 10 runs, resulting in 50 control charts. By using both classic SPC rules for and by observation it was determined that about 42/50 control charts show traits of a process that is stationary and in-control. In the remaining 8 charts, some distinct trends were observable. These trends were postulated to be produced by unintentional disturbances caused by the experimental procedure. There were some distinct observable trends in the results from the experiment. The first is the location and frequency of the occurrence of the 8 distinctive run charts mentioned above and 4 run charts that were also observed to have marginally trend-like characteristic though it seems more data points are required to make a more sound judgment. Out of these 12 run charts, 9 of them are from the left side of the part. Out of this 9, 5 of them are from the 3rd feature scale. This trend leads to a conclusion that the disturbance responsible for this behavior is localized to a graphic region of that part. The second observable trend is the strong correlation between feature scale size and the mean of the die-part difference. As the feature size increases, the mean difference between the die and part measurement increases. This can be because bigger features involve a larger volume of polymer material to form the shape and as the material(cont.) shrinks after being embossing and cooled, the reduction in relative dimension is greater. The third observable trend is the strong correlation between the feature scale size and the standard deviation of the die-part difference. The variance in this dimension is larger as the feature size increases. As larger features produce a larger mean die-part difference, this might also produce an opportunity for a larger variation in this measurement.by Balamurugan Ganesan.S.M

Herbal plants for children diseases’ cure in Perambalur, Tamil Nadu, India

The present study aims at identification and documentation of the medicinal plants which are traditionally used to manage children diseases in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu, India. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect ethnomedicinal plants during the month of December 2017 and January 2018. Data was statistically analysed using Use value (UV), relative frequency of citations (RFC), utility ratio (UR), relative information (RI) and informant agreement ratio (IAR). Forty three medicinal plants which were identified and documented belong to 30 families. Most of the species belong to Solanaceae and Leguminosae families. Most frequently used plant part and life form are leaves and herbs. Decoction method was used for delivering the oral dose and oral intake was the major route used for administration. Ocimum basilicum had highest UV, RFC, UR, RI and IAR. Maximum plant species were able to cure gastrointestinal diseases followed by fever, liver disorders, respiratory disorders, dermatological problem, ENT problems, etc. The results of this study revealed that Perambalur district has rich plant diversity and people have broad indigenous knowledge of role in curing children diseases. Hence, further phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological investigation on floras that scored highest RFC and UV values is necessary for discovering new drugs

Post-Quantum and Code-Based Cryptography—Some Prospective Research Directions

Cryptography has been used from time immemorial for preserving the confidentiality of data/information in storage or transit. Thus, cryptography research has also been evolving from the classical Caesar cipher to the modern cryptosystems, based on modular arithmetic to the contemporary cryptosystems based on quantum computing. The emergence of quantum computing poses a major threat to the modern cryptosystems based on modular arithmetic, whereby even the computationally hard problems which constitute the strength of the modular arithmetic ciphers could be solved in polynomial time. This threat triggered post-quantum cryptography research to design and develop post-quantum algorithms that can withstand quantum computing attacks. This paper provides an overview of the various research directions that have been explored in post-quantum cryptography and, specifically, the various code-based cryptography research dimensions that have been explored. Some potential research directions that are yet to be explored in code-based cryptography research from the perspective of codes is a key contribution of this paper

ON PRIME LABELING OF THETA GRAPH

A graph with vertex set is said to have a prime labeling if its vertices are labeled with distinct integers such that for each edge the labels assigned to and are relatively prime. A graph which admits prime labeling is called a prime graph. In this paper; we investigate prime labeling of Theta graph. We also discuss prime labeling in the context of some graph operations namely Fusion, Duplication, Switching and Path unio

Composition and Codon Usage Pattern Results in Divergence of the Zinc Binuclear Cluster (Zn(II)(2)Cys(6)) Sequences among Ascomycetes Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Zinc binuclear cluster proteins (ZBC; Zn(II)(2)Cys(6)) are unique to the fungi kingdom and associated with a series of functions, viz., the utilization of macromolecules, stress tolerance, and most importantly, host-pathogen interactions by imparting virulence to the pathogen. Codon usage bias (CUB) is the phenomenon of using synonymous codons in a non-uniform fashion during the translation event, which has arisen because of interactions among evolutionary forces. The Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) coding sequences from nine Ascomycetes plant pathogenic species and model system yeast were analysed for compositional and codon usage bias patterns. The clustering analysis diverged the Ascomycetes fungi into two clusters. The nucleotide compositional and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) analysis indicated GC biasness toward Ascomycetes fungi compared with the model system S. cerevisiae, which tends to be AT-rich. Further, plant pathogenic Ascomycetes fungi belonging to cluster-2 showed a higher number of GC-rich high-frequency codons than cluster-1 and was exclusively AT-rich in S. cerevisiae. The current investigation also showed the mutual effect of the two evolutionary forces, viz. natural selection and compositional constraints, on the CUB of Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) genes. The perseverance of GC-rich codons of Zn(II)(2)Cys(6) in Ascomycetes could facilitate the invasion process. The findings of the current investigation show the role of CUB and nucleotide composition in the evolutionary divergence of Ascomycetes plant pathogens and paves the way to target specific codons and sequences to modulate host-pathogen interactions through genome editing and functional genomics tools

Genome-wide identification and characterization of NBLRR genes in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) and their expression in response to Magnaporthe grisea infection

Abstract Background The nucleotide binding site leucine rich repeat (NBLRR) genes significantly regulate defences against phytopathogens in plants. The genome-wide identification and analysis of NBLRR genes have been performed in several species. However, the detailed evolution, structure, expression of NBLRRs and functional response to Magnaporthe grisea are unknown in finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.). Results The genome-wide scanning of the finger millet genome resulted in 116 NBLRR (EcNBLRRs1-116) encompassing 64 CC-NB-LRR, 47 NB-LRR and 5 CCR-NB-LRR types. The evolutionary studies among the NBLRRs of five Gramineae species, viz., purple false brome (Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P.Beauv.), finger millet (E. coracana), rice (Oryza sativa L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P.Beauv.) showed the evolution of NBLRRs in the ancestral lineage of the target species and subsequent divergence through gene-loss events. The purifying selection (Ka/Ks < 1) shaped the expansions of NBLRRs paralogs in finger millet and orthologs among the target Gramineae species. The promoter sequence analysis showed various stress- and phytohormone-responsive cis-acting elements besides growth and development, indicating their potential role in disease defence and regulatory mechanisms. The expression analysis of 22 EcNBLRRs in the genotypes showing contrasting responses to Magnaporthe grisea infection revealed four and five EcNBLRRs in early and late infection stages, respectively. The six of these nine candidate EcNBLRRs proteins, viz., EcNBLRR21, EcNBLRR26, EcNBLRR30, EcNBLRR45, EcNBLRR55 and EcNBLRR76 showed CC, NB and LRR domains, whereas the EcNBLRR23, EcNBLRR32 and EcNBLRR83 showed NB and LRR somains. Conclusion The identification and expression analysis of EcNBLRRs showed the role of EcNBLRR genes in assigning blast resistance in finger millet. These results pave the foundation for in-depth and targeted functional analysis of EcNBLRRs through genome editing and transgenic approaches

Synthesis and physical characterization of superconductivity-magnetism crossover compound RuSr2EuCeCu2O10-delta

We carefully studied the nonsuperconducting sample of the magneto-superconducting RuSr2(Eu1-xCe)Cu2O10-delta series with composition RuSr2EuCeCU2O10-delta. This compound seems to exhibit a complex magnetic state as revealed by host of techniques like resistivity, thermopower, magnetic susceptibility, and MR measurements. The studied compound exhibited ferromagnetic like M(H) loops at 5, 20, and 50 K, and semiconductor like electrical conduction down to 5 K, with -MR7 T of up to 4% at low temperatures. The -MR7 (T) decreases fast above 150 K and monotonically becomes close to zero above say 230 K. Below, 150 K -MR7 (T) decreases to around 3% monotonically down to 75 K, with further increase to 4% at around 30 K and lastly having a slight decrease below this temperature. The thermopower S(7) behavior closely followed the -MR7 (T) steps in terms of d(S/T)/dT slopes. Further, both MR7 (T) steps and d(S/T)/dT slopes are found in close vicinity to various magnetic ordering temperatures (T-mag) of this compound

Caffeine in children with obstructive sleep apnea.

BACKGROUND: Children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have a higher rate of adverse post-extubation respiratory events, such as laryngospasm, upper airway obstruction, apnea, desaturation and/or need for re-intubation. They are overly sensitive to sedatives and narcotics. Although the etiology of OSA is primarily obstruction (mechanical or neuromuscular), a central element may contribute to OSA. Caffeine citrate has been shown to be effective in treating apnea of prematurity. This study evaluated whether the administration of caffeine benzoate to children with OSA decreases the number of children who experience adverse post-extubation respiratory events. METHODS: In a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study, children with OSA scheduled for adenotonsillectomy (T&A) received either caffeine benzoate, 20 mg/kg IV, (caffeine group, n = 36) or saline (placebo group, n = 36). The primary outcome evaluated the number of children who developed adverse post-extubation respiratory events, and the secondary outcome was the incidence of those events. RESULTS: The results demonstrated the two groups differed in the number of children who developed adverse post-extubation respiratory events (p = 0.032). The overall incidence of adverse postoperative respiratory events was less in the caffeine group than the placebo group (p = 0.0196). CONCLUSION: In children with OSA scheduled for T&A, administration of caffeine benzoate, 20 mg/kg IV, decreased the number of children who developed adverse post-extubation respiratory events and decreased the overall incidence of adverse post-extubation respiratory events. PACU duration, hospital discharge time and postoperative delirium did not differ between groups