Vacunació de les dones embarassades contra la tos ferina a Catalunya

Vacunació; Dones embarassades; Tos ferinaVacunación; Mujeres embarazadas; Tos ferinaVaccination; Pregnant women; Whooping CoughDocument que parla sobre l'epidemiologia de la tos ferina a Catalunya i proporciona recomanacions sobre la vacunació en dones embarassades per protegir el nadó els primers mesos de vida

Prevenció de la malaltia pneumocòccica en els adults i en els infants a partir dels 5 anys a Catalunya

Malaltia pneumocòccica; Prevenció; CatalunyaPneumococcal disease; Prevention; CataloniaEnfermedad neumocócica; Prevención; CataluñaDocument que parla sobre les vacunes disponibles contra la malaltia pneumocòccica i les recomanacions per la seva administració

The influence of the physical education teacher on intrinsic motivation, self-confidence, anxiety, and pre-and post-competition mood states

One of the fundamental problems facing teachers of physical education (PE) is how to increase pupils' motivation. From the point of view of goal achievement, guidelines need to be established so that information may be used to greater effect in classes. This study examined the relationship between the motivational climate created by the PE teacher and the intrinsic motivation of the preparatory sessions together with self-confidence and anxiety prior to competition and pre- and post-competition mood states. The sample was made up of school children (M age = 11.7) from a state school (N = 115), who, after an introduction to an athletics course of 12 sessions, took part in a sports competition. During this time, a teacher (trained to this effect) manipulated the motivational climate, adapting the strategies of TARGET (11, 12, 26, 28). The mastery climate was linked to enjoyment, perceived ability, and effort in the PE classes, as well as to pre-competition somatic anxiety and post-competition vigor. On the other hand, the performance climate was associated with self-confidence, pre-competition vigor, and post-competition stress. The results are discussed in relation to achievement goal theory and motivational climate manipulation

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Physico-chemical, biological and geological study of an underwater volcano in a degassing stage: Island of El Hierro

El objetivo principal del proyecto “Physico-chemical, biological and geological study of an underwater volcano in a degassing stage: Island of El Hierro”, (VULCANO-II) es estudiar, desde un punto de vista totalmente interdisciplinar, la fase de desgasificación activa del único volcán submarino monitoreado desde su nacimiento en aguas españolas. De esta forma, se pretende además, dar continuidad a los estudios multidisciplinares realizados sobre el volcán submarino de la isla de El Hierro en el contexto del proyecto del Plan Nacional VULCANO-I, (CTM2012-36317) y VULCANA (Vulcanología Canaria Submarina, IEO). Para ello, se realizará la monitorización de las propiedades físico-químicas, biológicas y geológicas del proceso eruptivo submarino de la isla de El Hierro y otros puntos sensibles, como el volcán de Enmedio entre Gran Canaria y Tenerif

Al límite del principio de autoria: la propiedad intelectual de la Inteligencia Artificial

Desde hace algún tiempo la tecnología está generando contenidos susceptibles de ser catalogados como obras —música, teatro, cine, literatura, pintura, etc.— protegibles por la propiedad intelectual (PI) y/o el copyright. Son las llamadas computer-generated works (CGW), con exponentes como El retrato de Edmond de Belamy o The Next Rembrandt. Esta realidad nos interpela, por un lado, sobre la vigencia del principio de autoría "no hay obra sin autor y no hay autor sin obra" y, por el otro, sobre si las soluciones que ofrece el derecho comparado son (o no) suficientes o adecuadas. En el camino, nos interrogaremos sobre otras creaciones no humanas: las de los animales y las de los transhumanos (híbridos, cíborgs) creadores de obras, y analizaremos tanto el objeto (la obra) como el sujeto (el autor) para terminar con la defensa de una propiedad intelectual basada en la centralidad de la figura antropocentrista del autor y relegando la protección de otras formas de creación a marcos diferentes.Des de fa algun temps, la tecnologia està generant continguts susceptibles de ser catalogats com a obres —música, teatre, cinema, literatura, pintura, etc.— protegibles per la propietat intel·lectual (PI) o el copyright. Són les anomenades computer-generated works (CGW), amb exponents com El retrat d'Edmond de Belamy o The Next Rembrandt. Aquesta realitat ens interpel·la, d'una banda, sobre la vigència del principi d'autoria "no hi ha obra sense autor i no hi ha autor sense obra" i, d'altra banda, sobre si les solucions que ofereix el dret comparat són (o no) suficients o adequades. Pel camí, ens interrogarem sobre altres creacions no humanes: les dels animals i les dels transhumans (híbrids, cíborgs) creadors d'obres, i n'analitzarem tant l'objecte (l'obra) com el subjecte (l'autor) per acabar amb la defensa d'una propietat intel·lectual basada en la centralitat de la figura antropocentrista de l'autor i relegant la protecció d'altres formes de creació a diferents marcs.For some time now, technology has been generating content that can be categorized as works – music, theatre, cinema, literature, painting, etc. – that are eligible for intellectual property (IP) and/or copyright protection. These are known as computer-generated works (CGW), with examples such as the Edmond de Belamy portrait or The Next Rembrandt. This raises questions, on the one hand, about the validity of the authorship principle, i.e., there is no work without an author and no author without a work, and on the other hand, whether the solutions provided by comparative law are (or are not) sufficient or appropriate. In the thesis, we also explore other non-human creations: those of animals and transhumans (hybrids, cyborgs). We will analyze both the object (the work) and the subject (the author), concluding with a defense of intellectual property based on the centrality of the anthropocentric figure of the author, and relegating the protection of other forms of creation to different frameworks.Societat de la informació i el coneixemen

Papeles salmantinos de educación

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónTítulo, resumen y palabras clave en español y en inglésSe presenta el desarrollo de un proceso de investigación cualitativo centrado en conocer y analizar las motivaciones, dificultades de aprendizaje e intereses formativos de un grupo de mujeres mayores de 65 años que participan desde hace tiempo y de forma habitual en programas educativos. Los datos han sido recogidos a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas que han sido sometidas a un proceso de codificación y categorización. El sistema general de categorías obtenido y validado ha permitido establecer relaciones conducentes a obtener conclusiones en relación a los objetivos del estudio. Se trata de resultados que aportan claves importantes en orden a construir un discurso renovado y optimista acerca de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la vejez de estas mujeres.ES

What to do when Heller's myotomy fails? Pneumatic dilatation, laparoscopic remyotomy or peroral endoscopic myotomy: A systematic review

Background: Surgical treatment of achalasia fails in 10%–20% of patients. The most frequent responsible cause is the performance of an incomplete myotomy at primary surgery. The treatment when the failure happens is not well defined. In this study, we review and evaluate the possible treatments to be carried out when surgical myotomy fails. We define its benefits and results, with the purpose of defining a therapeutic algorithm. Materials and Methods: The systematic review was performed following the guidelines established by the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. We searched several electronic databases (MEDLINE, PubMED, EMBASE and Cochrane) from January 1991 to March 2017, with the keywords 'recurrent achalasia' 'POEM remyotomy', 'esophagomyotomy failure', 'Heller myotomy failure', 'myotomy failure', 'pneumatic balloon dilatation achalasia' and combinations between them, 'redo Heller', 'redo myotomy', 'reoperative Heller'. Results: A total of 61 observational studies related to the treatment of patients with failure of Heller's myotomy were initially found. Finally, 37 articles were included in our study that provided data on 289 patients. Of these 289 patients, diagnosed of failed Heller's myotomy, 87 were treated with pneumatic dilatation (PD), 166 underwent surgical revision and finally 36 were treated with POEM. No randomised controlled trial was identified. Conclusions: The three therapeutic options analysed in this review are effective and safe in the treatment of patients with achalasia with failure of surgical myotomy. The best results can be achieved following an algorithm similar to the one proposed here, where each procedure must be performed by well-experienced team in the selected modality

The era of the large databases. Outcomes after gastroesophageal surgery according to NSQIP, NIS, and NCDB databases. Systematic literature review

Background. The term big data refers to databases that include large amounts of information used in various areas of knowledge. Currently, there are large databases that allow the evaluation of postoperative evolution, such as the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP), the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample (NIS), and the National Cancer Database (NCDB). The aim of this review was to evaluate the clinical impact of information obtained from these registries regarding gastroesophageal surgery. Methods. A systematic review using the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines was performed. The research was carried out using the PubMed database identifying 251 articles. All outcomes related to gastroesophageal surgery were analyzed. Results. A total of 34 articles published between January 2007 and July 2017 were included, for a total of 345 697 patients. Studies were analyzed and divided according to the type of surgery and main theme in (1) esophageal surgery and (2) gastric surgery. Conclusions. The information provided by these databases is an effective way to obtain levels of evidence not obtainable by conventional methods. Furthermore, this information is useful for the external validation of previous studies, to establish benchmarks that allow comparisons between centers and have a positive impact on the quality of care