388 research outputs found
Dynamic impacts of a financial reform of the CAP on regional land use, income and overall growth
http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/4364
Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of fluid shear stress altered gene expression in renal epithelial cells
Osteocyte isolation and culture methods.
The aim of this paper is to present several popular methods for in vitro culture of osteocytes and osteocyte cell lines. Osteocytes are located extremely suitably within the calcified bone matrix to sense mechanical signals, and are equipped with a multitude of molecular features that allow mechanosensing. However, osteocytes are more than specialized mechanosensing cells. Several signaling molecules are preferentially produced by osteocytes, and osteocytes hold a tight reign over osteoblast and osteoclast formation and activity, but also have a role as endocrine cell, communicating with muscles or organs as remote as the kidneys. In order to facilitate further research into this fascinating cell type, three protocols will be provided in this paper. The first protocol will be on the culture of mouse (early) osteocyte cell lines, the second on the isolation and culture of primary mouse bone cells, and the third on the culture of fully embedded human osteocytes within their own three-dimensional bone matrix
Diet and exercise:a match made in bone
Purpose of Review: Multiple dietary components have the potential to positively affect bone mineral density in early life and reduce loss of bone mass with aging. In addition, regular weight-bearing physical activity has a strong positive effect on bone through activation of osteocyte signaling. We will explore possible synergistic effects of dietary components and mechanical stimuli for bone health by identifying dietary components that have the potential to alter the response of osteocytes to mechanical loading. Recent Findings: Several (sub)cellular aspects of osteocytes determine their signaling towards osteoblasts and osteoclasts in response to mechanical stimuli, such as the osteocyte cytoskeleton, estrogen receptor Ξ±, the vitamin D receptor, and the architecture of the lacunocanalicular system. Potential modulators of these features include 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3, several forms of vitamin K, and the phytoestrogen genistein. Summary: Multiple dietary components potentially affect osteocyte function and therefore may have a synergistic effect on bone health when combined with a regime of physical activity
Reaming debris as a novel source of autologous bone to enhance healing of bone defects
Item does not contain fulltextReaming debris is formed when bone defects are stabilized with an intramedullary nail, and contains viable osteoblast-like cells and growth factors, and might thus act as a natural osteoinductive scaffold. The advantage of using reaming debris over stem cells or autologous bone for healing bone defects is that no extra surgery is needed to obtain the material. To assess the clinical feasibility of using reaming debris to enhance bone healing, we investigated whether reaming debris enhances the healing rate of a bone defect in sheep tibia, compared to an empty gap. As golden standard the defect was filled with iliac crest bone. Bones treated with iliac crest bone and reaming debris showed larger callus volume, increased bone volume, and decreased cartilage volume in the fracture gap, and increased torsional toughness compared to the empty gap group at 3 weeks postoperative. In addition, bones treated with reaming debris showed increased torsional stiffness at 6 weeks postoperatively compared to the empty defect group, while bending stiffness was marginally increased. These results indicate that reaming debris could serve as an excellent alternative to iliac crest bone for speeding up the healing process in bone defects that are treated with an intramedullary nail
Effect of mechanical loading on the metabolic activity of cells in the temporomandibular joint: a systematic review
Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to elucidate how different modalities and intensities of mechanical loading affect the metabolic activity of cells within the fibro-cartilage of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Materials and methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The articles were selected following a priori formulated inclusion criteria (viz., in vivo and in vitro studies, mechanical loading experiments on TMJ, and the response of the TMJ). A total of 254 records were identified. After removal of duplicates, 234 records were screened by assessing eligibility criteria for inclusion. Forty-nine articles were selected for full-text assessment. Of those, 23 were excluded because they presented high risk of bias or were reviews. Twenty-six experimental studies were included in this systematic review: 15 in vivo studies and 11 in vitro ones. Conclusion: The studies showed that dynamic mechanical loading is an important stimulus for mandibular growth and for the homeostasis of TMJ cartilage. When this loading is applied at a low intensity, it prevents breakdown of inflamed cartilage. Yet, frequent overloading at excessive levels induces accelerated cell death and an increased cartilage degradation
ΠΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ , Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ (ΠΠΠ), ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ, Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌ Π΅Π΅ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
IL-6 counteracts the inhibitory effect of IL-4 on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells
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