Discovering Crime and Justice Data on Government Websites

This chapter will outline different federal agencies that collect and distribute data related to crime and justice. It will offer some strategies for finding, navigating, and getting the most out of that data

More Than a Zip Code: Addressing Home Factors Influencing Kindergarten Readiness Levels

Families and primary caregivers play an important role in developing essential emergent literacy skills of children from birth so that they are ready for kindergarten and have a strong foundation for future academic success. This article explores factors that influence the emergent literacy development process and offers strategies to boost school readiness levels and literacy rates among children

A slight hysterical tendency

Sexuality, sculpture, and sadness as sites of female subversion. A woman\u27s internalized suffering and sadness is deployed as an act of resistance. Women have a long lineage of historically tragic female figures, particularly authors and artists that disrupt the status quo by relishing and thriving and they wallow in their sorrow. Women\u27s collective and overwhelming sadness is both a singular and unified protest against cultural and social systems of oppression. Sad girls are bad girls

Recovery of Nerve Function after Treatment for Childhood Cancer

Background Chemotherapeutic agents have been the backbone treatment for pediatric cancers. Unfortunately, a number of the chemotherapy medications have potential side effects, including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). To measure the extent of CIPN, the Pediatric Modified Total Neuropathy Score (Peds-mTNS) has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of CIPN in school-aged children and is associated with relevant functional limitations. However, future research is needed to describe the recovery of CIPN in children and adolescent cancer patients after treatment has ended. Purpose To analyze the trajectory of recovery for CIPN in school-aged children diagnosed with non-CNS cancers and to evaluate if diagnosis and treatment impact CIPN type and recovery. Methods Forty-seven subjects ranging in age from 5-18 years undergoing chemotherapy with vincristine or a combination of vincristine and intrathecal methotrexate participated in the study. Peds-mTNS scores as well as standardized balance and hand function measures were taken on treatment (at the anticipated peak of CIPN) and then 3 and 6 months post treatment. Descriptive statistics and one-way repeated measures ANOVA were run to compare subjects over time (on treatment, 3 months, and 6 months post). A 2-way III repeated measures ANOVA was run to compare mean Peds-mTNS scores for each diagnostic group over time. Results 18 subjects with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), 8 with Wilma’ tumor, 14 with non/Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 7 with other non-CNS cancers were evaluated. Across all subjects (n=47), Peds-mTNS scores decreased significantly over time (on treatment 9.5± 4.4, 3 months 5.8 ± 4.7, 6 months 4.3 ± 4.0, p\u3c 0.001), indicating an improvement in CIPN. Overall effect size, with Partial Eta Squared, was found to be large (0.609). Greatest individual measure effect size was shown in deep tendon reflex (.659). Of the diagnostic groups, patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma were found to have significantly less improvement on the Peds-mTNS than subjects with leukemia (6.4 ± 0.7 vs 2.2 ± 0.6 at 6 months, p\u3c0.05), even though their treatment time was shorter in duration and they received less vincristine. Conclusion Overall, the trajectory of recovery for pediatric cancer patients was found to be positive, resulting in significant improvements in CIPN symptoms over time post-treatment, although patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma were more likely to have residual neuropathy

Adaptive Golf Device

Our primary objective was to design a golf device that enables its user, who has limited leg movement and control, to be able to produce a balanced golf swing. Ultimately, the device maximizes the golfer\u27s independence, and increases the accuracy of and power behind each shot. Specifically, the device was designed around the needs and requirements of Dr. Joshua Pate, Professor of Adapted Recreation at James Madison University. Dr. Pate has cerebral palsy limiting his lower body mobility and making it difficult for him to produce a balanced golf swing

How finicky is mitochondrial protein import?

Recently it was reported that artificial targeting signals or signals specific for organelles other than mitochondria could direct proteins into mitochondria. Here we discuss findings which suggest that specific steps of mitochondrial protein import can be bypassed. Non-specific targeting signals appear to use this bypass pathway. Such import occurs at very low rates under physiological conditions and therefore does not affect the uniqueness of mitochondrial protein composition

Treatment of postpartum depression: clinical, psychological and pharmacological options

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of childbearing, and has increasingly been identified as a major public health problem. Untreated maternal depression has multiple potential negative effects on maternal-infant attachment and child development. Screening for depression in the perinatal period is feasible in multiple primary care or obstetric settings, and can help identify depressed mothers earlier. However, there are multiple barriers to appropriate treatment, including concerns about medication effects in breastfeeding infants. This article reviews the literature and recommendations for the treatment of postpartum depression, with a focus on the range of pharmacological, psychotherapeutic, and other nonpharmacologic interventions

ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is a novel oncogenic process in thyroid cancer and regulates miR-200 activity

Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA. A-to-I editing of RNA is a widespread posttranscriptional process that has recently emerged as an important mechanism in cancer biology. A-to-I editing levels are high in several human cancers, including thyroid cancer, but ADAR1 editase-dependent mechanisms governing thyroid cancer progression are unexplored. To address the importance of RNA A-to-I editing in thyroid cancer, we examined the role of ADAR1. Loss-of-function analysis showed that ADAR1 suppression profoundly repressed proliferation, invasion, and migration in thyroid tumor cell models. These observations were validated in an in vivo xenograft model, which showed that ADAR1-silenced cells had a diminished ability to form tumors. RNA editing of miRNAs has the potential to markedly alter target recognition. According to TCGA data, the tumor suppressor miR-200b is overedited in thyroid tumors, and its levels of editing correlate with a worse progression-free survival and disease stage. We confirmed miR-200b overediting in thyroid tumors and we showed that edited miR-200b has weakened activity against its target gene ZEB1 in thyroid cancer cells, likely explaining the reduced aggressiveness of ADAR1-silenced cells. We also found that RAS, but not BRAF, modulates ADAR1 levels, an effect mediated predominantly by PI3K and in part by MAPK. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of ADAR1 activity with the editing inhibitor 8-azaadenosine reduced cancer cell aggressiveness. Overall, our data implicate ADAR1-mediated A-to-I editing as an important pathway in thyroid cancer progression, and highlight RNA editing as a potential therapeutic target in thyroid cancerThis work was supported by grants SAF2016-75531-R from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICIN), Spain, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional FEDER, B2017/BMD-3724 from Comunidad de Madrid, and GCB14142311CRES from Fundación Española contra el Cáncer (AECC) (To PS), and by the Ludwig Center at Harvard (To FJS). JR-M hold a FPU fellowship from MECD (Spai