El ensayo de solubilidad diferencial como método de caracterización de la estructura fina de las fibras químicas

La solubilidad diferencial es un ensayo físico-químico para la caracterización de la estructura fina de las fibras de poliéster, poliamida, acrílicas y fibras químicas de celulosa. En esta publicación se describe esta técnica, así como la influencia de las variables del ensayo. También se interpreta la curva de solubilidad diferencial vs. temperatura del ensayo. Por último, se citan ejemplos de campos de aplicación de este ensayo a diferentes grupos de sustratos de las mencionadas fibras

Tratamiento artroscópico de las roturas masivas del manguito rotador

La reparación artroscópica de las roturas masivas del manguito rotador (RMMR) es un procedimiento técnicamente exigente, que requiere de una indicación correcta, una buena técnica artroscópica y un adecuado tratamiento rehabilitador. El estudio clínico del paciente y las características de la lesión del manguito son fundamentales para establecer el plan estratégico y terapéutico, que debe incluir desde el tratamiento no quirúrgico hasta la reparación artroscópica, transferencias tendinosas artroscópicas, espaciadores subacromiales o artroplastias de hombro. La reparación artroscópica se establece en pacientes con roturas masivas reparables y sin degeneración grasa del manguito, las transferencias tendinosas se indican en pacientes jóvenes con importantes exigencias funcionales que presentan roturas masivas irreparables y los espaciadores subacromiales y las artroplastias de hombro para roturas irreparables en pacientes con baja demanda funcionalThe arthroscopic repair of a massive rotator cuff tear, is a technically demanding procedure. It requires correct indications, good arthroscopic skills and a proper rehabilitation program. The clinical study of the patient and the instances of the rotator cuff injury, are fundamental to determine a correct therapeutic strategy. This strategy should consider every option from non-surgical to arthroscopic repair, tendon transfers, subacromial spreaders or shoulder arthroplasties. The arthroscopic repair is the standard treatment in patients with massive repairable tears and with no fatty degeneration of the affected muscle. Meanwhile, the tendon transfers are indicated in young patients with highly functional demands that comprehend irreparable massive tears. The spreaders or subacromial balloons and the shoulder prosthesis are performed in irreparable tears in low functional demand patients

Effect of prime type on lexical decisión time

Present investigation concerns the issues of the control condition and type of related prime-target relationship operationalization in the lexical-decision paradigm

Estado actual de los tumores óseos

En la presente actualización sobre el estado actual de los tumores óseos malignos, realizamos una revisión básica sobre todo en los avances de la biología molecular del osteosarcoma, sarcoma de Ewing y del condrosarcoma. Se presenta además un resumen sobre los avances y las posibilidades terapéuticas en el tratamiento quirúrgico de los tumores óseos malignos.In this article we review basic aspects of biology and surgical treatment of malignant bone tumors, mainly on advances the molecular biology of osteosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma and chondrosarcoma. Furthermore we present a summary of therapeutic progress and possibilities in the surgical treatment of malignant bone tumors

Aproximación Actual a la Infección Protésica

La infección es la complicación más grave de la artroplastia. La infección periprotésica (IP) puede dar lugar a una significativa morbilidad y deterioro funcional. La incidencia de la IP es alrededor de 1-3% a pesar de una técnica quirúrgica correcta, medidas asépticas y profilaxis adecuada. La patogénesis de estas infecciones se relaciona con microorganismos que acceden a la prótesis directamente durante la cirugía o después de la cirugía por vía hematógena, formando biopelículas sobre su superficie. El diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estas infecciones es un desafío para el cirujano ortopédico. En este artículo realizamos una actualización en relación con la patogénesis, la microbiología, los factores predisponentes, la clasificación, la presentación clínica, el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la IPInfection is the most severe complication of arthroplasty. PJI (Periprosthetic Joint Infection) can result in significant morbidity and functional impairment. The incidence of PJI is about 1-3% in spite of correct surgical tecniques, aseptic measures and antibiotic prophylaxis. The pathogenesis of these infections is related to microorganism that reach the prosthesis directly during surgery or after surgery by the haematogenous route forming biofilms. The diagnosis and treatment of this infections is a challenge for the orthopedic surgeon. In this paper we do an update in pathogenesis, microbiology, the predisposing factors, classification, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of the PJI

Efecto de la fertirrigación fosforada en el crecimiento y absorción de nutrientes de la coliflor

En un ensayo de fertirrigación fosforada realizado en las parcelas experimentales de la Fundación Ruralcaja, en Paiporta (Valencia), con diferentes dosis de fósforo (0, 50, 100 y 150 kg P2O5/ha) para evaluar su efecto sobre diferentes cultivos hortícolas, se ha estudiado cuantitativamente el ritmo de crecimiento y absorción de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca y Mg) en la coliflor (Brassica oleracea var. Botrytis) cv. Daydream de ciclo largo, con una densidad de 2 plantas/m2. Durante el ciclo de cultivo se realizaron muestreos de plantas cada 3 semanas para determinar la materia seca y el contenido de macronutrientes en los diferentes órganos vegetativos de la planta (raíces, tallos, hojas y pellas) en dos de los tratamientos: el testigo (P0) y la dosis intermedia de abonado (P2). También se determinó la producción de biomasa y la absorción de nutrientes al final del ciclo de cultivo en todos los tratamientos de abonado fosforado

Identification of tomato accessions as source of new genes for improving heat tolerance: from controlled experiments to field

Background: Due to global warming, the search for new sources for heat tolerance and the identification of genes involved in this process has become an important challenge as of today. The main objective of the current research was to verify whether the heat tolerance determined in controlled greenhouse experiments could be a good predictor of the agronomic performance in field cultivation under climatic high temperature stress. Results: Tomato accessions were grown in greenhouse under three temperature regimes: control (T1), moderate (T2) and extreme heat stress (T3). Reproductive traits (flower and fruit number and fruit set) were used to define heat tolerance. In a first screening, heat tolerance was evaluated in 219 tomato accessions. A total of 51 accessions were identified as being potentially heat tolerant. Among those, 28 accessions, together with 10 accessions from Italy (7) and Bulgaria (3), selected for their heat tolerance in the field in parallel experiments, were re-evaluated at three temperature treatments. Sixteen tomato accessions showed a significant heat tolerance at T3, including five wild species, two traditional cultivars and four commercial varieties, one accession from Bulgaria and four from Italy. The 15 most promising accessions for heat tolerance were assayed in field trials in Italy and Bulgaria, confirming the good performance of most of them at high temperatures. Finally, a differential gene expression analysis in pre-anthesis (ovary) and post-anthesis (developing fruit) under heat stress among pairs of contrasting genotypes (tolerant and sensitive from traditional and modern groups) showed that the major differential responses were produced in post-anthesis fruit. The response of the sensitive genotypes included the induction of HSP genes, whereas the tolerant genotype response included the induction of genes involved in the regulation of hormones or enzymes such as abscisic acid and transferases. Conclusions: The high temperature tolerance of fifteen tomato accessions observed in controlled greenhouse experiments were confirmed in agronomic field experiments providing new sources of heat tolerance that could be incorporated into breeding programs. A DEG analysis showed the complex response of tomato to heat and deciphered the different mechanisms activated in sensitive and tolerant tomato accessions under heat stress

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and duodeno-jejunal adenocarcinoma-therapeutic implications

The Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an autosomal dominant hamartomatous poliposis describred in 1921. Hemminki in 1997 described the presence of LKB-1 mutation tumor-suppressor gen.The patients with PJS develop a higher cumulative incidence of gastrointestinal, pancreas and extraintestinal tumors, being occasion of a renew interest on hamartomatous polyposis syndromes regarding the clinical care, cancer surveillance treatment and long term follow-up.We report the case of a 38 years old male, diagnosed of PJS who developed a multiple adenocarcinoma in duodenum and yeyunum. Surgically treated and with a long-term free disease survival of 11 years represents the sixth case reported in the spanish literature of PJS associated with a gastrointestinal tumor.A critical review, molecular alterations and the established criteria of tumor screening and surveillance are reviewed

Combined surgical approach for sarcoma lung metastasis with atrial involvement

A 20-year-old patient, who had been treated for a femur sarcoma with pulmonary metastases 8 years before, arrived at our institution with a new metastatic hilar lung nodule. During the standard lobectomy procedure an unexpected atrial invasion by the tumor was discovered. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed a big pediculated tumor in the atrium. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was required in order to safely resect the atrial wall with the tumor. The atrial defect was repaired with a pericardial patch. Postoperative course was uneventful. After 14 months, the patient is asymptomatic and free of disease

Executive directors' compensation and monitoring: the influence of gender diversity on Spanish boards

This study presents evidence of the influence of gender diversity on the pay system and the monitoring of executives in Spain. In this country/context, characterized by a few male dominant shareholders acting simultaneously as executives, there is an ongoing discussion regarding the enactment of laws to promote gender equality on the boards of directors of large listed companies. This paper presents several contributions. On the one hand, the scarce previous evidence on this topic is focused on US firms. On the other hand, this study includes the role of ownership structure as a factor that indirectly moderates the relationships between gender diversity on board and monitoring effectiveness in terms of executive directors’ compensation. Furthermore, this paper makes an important effort to control endogeneity. The sample examined includes 120 companies listed on the Spanish stock market during the period 2004–2011. The results show a positive and highly significant effect of the presence of women independent directors on the proportion of variable pay in the compensation of executive directors. Our findings also point out the negative moderating effect of ownership concentration: the more concentrated is ownership in the hands of internal majority shareholder, the less is the link between board diversity and pay-for-performance systems