74 research outputs found

    The Sustaining Factors of Service-Learning at a National Leader School: A Case Study

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    This case study examines the sustaining factors of a fully implemented and nationally recognized high school service-learning program. More specifically, it investigates why Community Service Learning has sustained itself for nine years at a New England high school recognized as a National Service-Learning Leader School by the Corporation for National Service. The study describes the process of adoption, design, implementation, and paths to institutionalization. It also considers the organizational conditions that promoted institutionalization at this site. The research approach was primarily qualitative. The study exposes the broad narrative of the case from the perspective off Our data sources: observations, documents and artifacts, interviews and a faculty survey. Key actors and supports as well as obstacles and coping processes are noted in the findings. Recommendations gleaned from the study are directed at sustaining comprehensive service-learning programs that provide a framework of meaning and higher purpose to academic work

    Padrões alimentares e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais : Pesquisa Saúde da Mulher 2015, São Leopoldo (RS)

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    Introdução: Padrões alimentares parecem predizer melhor o risco de doenças do que nutrientes ou alimentos isoladamente. Objetivo: Identificar padrões alimentares e fatores associados em mulheres adultas. Método: Estudo transversal, de base populacional, com 1.128mulheres, de 20 a 69 anos de idade, de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de um questionário de frequência. Utilizou-se análise de componentes principais para identificação dos padrões alimentares. Razõesde prevalências brutas e ajustadas foram estimadas por meio de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: Foram identificados três padrões alimentares que explicaram 25,8% da variância total: saudável (frutas, vegetais e alimentos integrais); de risco (alimentos ultraprocessados); e brasileiro (arroz e feijão). Opadrão saudável apresentou o maior percentual de variância explicada (11,62%). A probabilidade de adesão ao padrão saudável aumentou linearmente com a idade e a escolaridade e foi maior em ex-fumantes (razão de prevalência - RP = 1,22; intervalo de 95% de confiança (IC95%) 1,04 - 1,42). Já mulheres mais jovens e com maior escolaridade tinham maior probabilidade de aderir ao padrão de risco. A probabilidade de adesão ao padrão brasileiro aumentou à medida que diminuiu a escolaridade e foi maior em mulheres de cor de pele não branca (RP = 1,29; IC95% 1,04 - 1,59). Conclusões: Enquanto a adesão aos padrões saudável e de risco comportou-se distintamente segundo a idade das mulheres, ela foi semelhante para a escolaridade. Já a adesão ao padrão brasileiro foi definida pelas condições socioeconômicas.Introduction: Dietary patterns may be more predictive of disease risk than individual nutrients or foods. Objective: To identify dietary patterns and associated factors among adult women. Method: Population-based cross-sectional study with 1,128 women, aged 20 to 69 years, living in São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul. Food intake was assessed with a frequency questionnaire. The principal component analysis identified dietary patterns. We estimated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Threedietary patterns - responsible for 25.8% of the total variance - were identified: healthy (fruits, vegetables, and whole foods); risk (ultra-processed foods); and Brazilian (rice and beans). The healthy pattern showed the largest percentage of explained variation (11.62%). The probability of adherence to the healthy pattern increased linearly with age and schooling and was higher among ex-smokers [prevalence ratio (PR)=1.22; confidence interval of 95% (95%CI) 1.04 - 1.42]. Younger women and those with better schooling had more chances of adhering to the risk pattern. The probability of adherence to the Brazilian pattern increased as schooling decreased and was higher among non-white women (PR = 1.29; 95%CI 1.04- 1.59). Conclusions: While adherence to healthy and risk patterns behaved differently according to women’s age, it was similar regarding schooling. Socioeconomic conditions defined adherence to the Brazilian pattern

    Desigualdades sociais no uso de contraceptivos em mulheres adultas no Sul do Brasil

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    OBJECTIVE: To describe the contraceptive methods used by adult women and the associated socioeconomic and demographic factors. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study with 20 to 49-year-old women from São Leopoldo, state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 2015. Three outcomes were considered to analyze the association with demographic and socioeconomic characteristics: use of oral contraceptive pills, tubal ligation and male condom. The crude prevalence ratios, stratified by age, and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained using Poisson regression, taking the experimental error into account. RESULTS: A total of 736 women, aged from 20 to 49 years old, were evaluated. The prevalence of the use of oral contraceptive pills, tubal ligation and male condom were respectively 31.8% (95%CI 28.4–35.3), 11.1% (95%CI 9.0–13.6) and 10.9% (95%CI 8.7–13.3). In addition, 10.5% (n = 77) of the women reported making combined use of oral contraceptive pills and condom. In the stratified analysis, younger women with lower education level and from lower social classes reported less use of oral contraceptive pills. Tubal ligation was more prevalent among the lower social classes, but only in the age group from 30 to 39 years old. No differences were found in relation to male condom. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that differences persist in relation to contraception, which can be associated with both the difficulties of access to these inputs and the frailty of actions in reproductive health to achieve the needs and preferences of women who are more socially vulnerable.OBJETIVO: Descrever os métodos contraceptivos utilizados e fatores demográficos e socioeconômicos associados em mulheres adultas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com mulheres de 20 a 49 anos de São Leopoldo, RS, em 2015. Foram considerados três desfechos para analisar a associação com características demográficas e socioeconômicas: uso de anticoncepcional oral, ligadura tubária e uso de preservativo masculino. Foram obtidas razões de prevalências, brutas e estratificadas por idade, e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por meio de regressão de Poisson, levando em conta o erro de delineamento. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 736 mulheres com idades entre 20 e 49 anos. A prevalência de uso de anticoncepcional oral, de ligadura tubária e de uso de preservativo masculino foram, respectivamente, 31,8% (IC95% 28,4–35,3), 11,1% (IC95% 9,0–13,6) e 10,9% (IC95% 8,7–13,3). Além disso, 10,5% (n = 77) das mulheres relataram fazer uso combinado de anticoncepcional oral e preservativo masculino. Na análise estratificada, as mulheres mais jovens, de menor escolaridade e classe econômica mais baixa relataram menor uso de anticoncepcional oral. Já a ligadura tubária foi mais prevalente entre as de classe econômica mais baixa, mas apenas na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos. Não foram encontradas diferenças quanto ao preservativo masculino. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicaram que ainda persistem diferenças quanto à contracepção, o que pode se relacionar tanto a dificuldades no acesso a esses insumos como a fragilidades das ações em saúde reprodutiva para atingir as necessidades e preferências das mulheres em maior vulnerabilidade social

    Fortalecimento da musculatura expiratória na esclerose múltipla: relato de caso

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    Introdução: a esclerose múltipla é uma doença crônica do sistema nervoso central, caracterizada por múltiplas áreas de inflamação, desmielinização e formação de cicatrizes gliais na substância branca. Diminuição no volume pulmonar, na capacidade vital, na resistência respiratória e na eficiência do mecanismo da tosse estão entre as principais causas de morbimortalidade. Objetivo: verificar os efeitos do fortalecimento muscular expiratório em um indivíduo com diagnóstico de esclerose múltipla do tipo remitente-recorrente. Materiais e métodos: a avaliação contou com anamnese, seguida dos testes de manovacuometria, espirometria e pico de fluxo expiratório. A intervenção deu-se numa frequência semanal, 2x/sem, durante dez semanas, utilizando o aparelho Threshold PEP®. O treinamento foi realizado em seis séries de dez exercícios. A reavaliação ocorreu em dois momentos, imediatamente após o término das vinte intervenções e após trinta dias da mesma. Resultados: houve 45 % de aumento na pressão inspiratória máxima, 60 % da pressão expiratória máxima após 30 dias da intervenção e o pico de fluxo expiratório mostrou-se com valor aproximadamente 30 % superior em comparação a avaliação inicial. Conclusão: o treinamento muscular expiratório proporcionou melhora da condição respiratória indicando a importância da implementação desta terapia, de forma precoce, na esclerose múltipla.

    Cine–Picc: Satisfaction and Knowledge Following a Video and Hands-on Training on Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Care

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    Objective: This study evaluated the knowledge and satisfaction of a nursing staff regarding the care of PICC before and after a combined training strategy consisting of video watching followed by hands-on practice; Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study with data collection held at a public University Hospital from March to May 2018 and March 2019. The participants answered a pre-test about PICC, watched a video on PICC care and maintenance, watched a hands-on sessions and answered a pos-test. Results: A total of 520 professionals participated, in which 87.4% were from the nursing staff. A pre-test was answered by 211 and 203 answered the post-test questions. The satisfaction research covered a total of 97% satisfied respondents. Conclusions: Results indicate that the change from the traditional training model to an active educational approach reached a larger number of participants, showing up an innovative pedagogical tool in the training of critical and reflexive professionals.Objective: This study assessed the knowledge and satisfaction of a nursing staff regarding peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) care before and after a combined training strategy consisting of a video and hands-on practice. Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study with data collection held at a public university hospital from March 2018 to May 2018 and in March 2019. Participants answered a pre-test about PICC lines, watched a video on PICC care and maintenance, attended hands-on sessions, and answered a post-test. Results: A total of 520 professionals participated in the study, of which 87.4% were from the nursing staff. The pre-test was answered by 211 individuals and the post-test questions were answered by 203 people. The satisfaction research showed 97% of satisfied respondents. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a change from the traditional training model to an active educational approach reached more participants, representing an innovative pedagogical tool in the training of critical and reflexive professionals

    Características das mulheres que não consultam com médico: estudo de base populacional

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    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence of not consulting a doctor within a year. METHODS: Cross-sectional population-based study, including women aged 20–60 years, living in the urban area of São Leopoldo, state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 2015. The association between variables and outcome was assessed using prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The adjusted analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Among the 1,127 women participating in the study, 954 (84.6%, 95%CI 82.5–86.7) reported having consulted a physician in the year prior to the interview, 173 (15.4%, 95%CI 13.2–17.5) did not. Women belonging to lower income classes D and E, younger, and smokers had higher prevalences of no medical visits. The participants with hypertension had a higher prevalence of consultations. CONCLUSIONS: There was no expected evolution in the local health system, despite the emergence of the policies implemented in this period. It is necessary to provide care for those in less favored socioeconomic conditions and for younger women.OBJETIVO: Analisar a prevalência de não consultar com médico no período de um ano. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional, incluindo mulheres de 20 a 60 anos, residentes na zona urbana de São Leopoldo, RS, em 2015. A associação entre as variáveis e o desfecho foi avaliada por meio das razões de prevalência e dos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). A análise ajustada foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. RESULTADOS: Entre as 1.127 mulheres participantes do estudo, 954 (84,6%; IC95% 82,5–86,7) referiram consultar com médico no ano anterior à entrevista, 173 (15,4%; IC95% 13,2–17,5) não consultaram. As mulheres inseridas nas classes econômicas D e E, com menor idade, e fumantes apresentaram maiores prevalências de não consulta médica. As participantes com hipertensão arterial tiveram maior prevalência de consultas. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve a esperada evolução no sistema local de saúde, apesar do surgimento das políticas implantadas nesse período. É necessário provimento da atenção para os indivíduos em condições socioeconômicas menos favorecidas e para as mulheres mais jovens

    Cine–PICC : satisfaction and knowledge following a video and hands-on training on peripherally inserted central catheter

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    Introduction: This study assessed the knowledge and satisfaction of a nursing staff regarding peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) care before and after a combined training strategy consisting of a video and hands-on practice. Methods: A cross-sectional and prospective study with data collection held at a public university hospital from March 2018 to May 2018 and in March 2019. Participants answered a pre-test about PICC lines, watched a video on PICC care and maintenance, attended hands-on sessions, and answered a post-test. Results: A total of 520 professionals participated in the study, of which 87.4% were from the nursing staff. The pre-test was answered by 211 individuals and the post-test questions were answered by 203 people. The satisfaction research showed 97% of satisfied respondents. Conclusions: Our results indicate that a change from the traditional training model to an active educational approach reached more participants, representing an innovative pedagogical tool in the training of critical and reflexive professionals
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