Pre-service science teachers’ understanding of science and engineering practices, engineering design process, and scientific method

This study examined secondary pre-service science teachers’ understanding of science and engineering practices, the engineering design process, and the scientific method before and after an intervention. Participants were ten pre-service science teachers. Data were collected through a survey and semi-structured interviews. Results show that after the intervention pre- service science teachers developed understanding of science and engineering practices and used more engineering-specific language when describing them. They also developed an understanding that both engineering design process and scientific method are cyclical and iterative and that the two processes share many practices, but the biggest difference between them is in their purposes. Pre-service teachers also said that the redesign process in engineering design, and the repetition of steps can occur at any point in engineering design process and scientific method. These findings have implications for science teacher education, and teaching and learning of science and engineering design in schools

Risk and Protective Factors for Well-Being in Latinx Immigrants in Removal Proceedings

Recent figures estimate roughly 12 million undocumented immigrants live in the U.S. (Baker, 2018; Capps, Fix, & Zong, 2016), 1,101,061 of which have pending immigration court cases, and over 80% of which are Latinx (TRAC, 2020a). Despite legal protections in other areas of the U.S. justice system, there is little opportunity for relief for adults going through deportation proceedings (Koh, 2017a) and no right to government-funded representation (Hausman & Srikantiah, 2016). There is little research on the effect of immigration court on the well-being of immigrants, and no empirical data on risk and protective factors in the court context. Against this background, this study aimed to examine how hopelessness and helplessness (i.e., risk factors) and social, religious, and legal support (i.e., protective factors) relate to the emotional and physical well-being of Latinx individuals facing removal proceedings. All participants (n = 157; 31.2% male) were adult (18 to 69 years old) respondents with an active immigration court case. Overall, results indicated higher levels of hopelessness and helplessness (individually and cumulatively) were associated with poorer outcomes, while social and religious aggregate support did not serve as a protective factor attenuating the relation between risk and outcome variables. Finally, contrary to hypotheses, legal support served as a risk factor for individuals high on helplessness, such that more legal support was associated with worse outcomes. Several explanations for results are offered. While findings inform immigration-related policy, results also have implications for our nation’s economy, healthcare system, and citizens

Building the Foundation for a Community Generated National research blueprint for inherited bleeding disorders: research priorities in health services; diversity, equity, and inclusion; and implementation science

Background: The National Hemophilia Foundation (NHF) conducted extensive all-stakeholder inherited bleeding disorder (BD) community consultations to inform a blueprint for future research. Sustaining and expanding the specialized and comprehensive Hemophilia Treatment Center care model, to better serve all people with inherited BDs (PWIBD), and increasing equitable access to optimal health emerged as top priorities. Research Design and Methods: NHF, with the American Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network (ATHN), convened multidisciplinary expert working groups (WG) to distill priority research initiatives from consultation findings. WG5 was charged with prioritizing health services research (HSR); diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI); and implementation science (IS) research initiatives to advance community-identified priorities. Results: WG5 identified multiple priority research themes and initiatives essential to capitalizing on this potential. Formative studies using qualitative and mixed methods approaches should be conducted to characterize issues and meaningfully investigate interventions. Investment in HSR, DEI and IS education, training, and workforce development are vital. Conclusions: An enormous amount of work is required in the areas of HSR, DEI, and IS, which have received inadequate attention in inherited BDs. This research has great potential to evolve the experiences of PWIBD, deliver transformational community-based care, and advance health equity

ARIES: A Corpus of Scientific Paper Edits Made in Response to Peer Reviews

Revising scientific papers based on peer feedback is a challenging task that requires not only deep scientific knowledge and reasoning, but also the ability to recognize the implicit requests in high-level feedback and to choose the best of many possible ways to update the manuscript in response. We introduce this task for large language models and release ARIES, a dataset of review comments and their corresponding paper edits, to enable training and evaluating models. We study two versions of the task: comment-edit alignment and edit generation, and evaluate several baselines, including GPT-4. We find that models struggle even to identify the edits that correspond to a comment, especially in cases where the comment is phrased in an indirect way or where the edit addresses the spirit of a comment but not the precise request. When tasked with generating edits, GPT-4 often succeeds in addressing comments on a surface level, but it rigidly follows the wording of the feedback rather than the underlying intent, and includes fewer technical details than human-written edits. We hope that our formalization, dataset, and analysis will form a foundation for future work in this area.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure

Citizen and Community Science Approaches to Understanding Changes in Coastal Habitats Using Anecdata.org

Coastal ecosystems are facing increasing threats from human activities and environmental changes. Climate change, in particular, presents challenges for policymaking as it is causing significant changes to the oceans and coastlines, with social, economic, and environmental impacts on coastal communities. However, there is often a lack of data at the appropriate scales to address these concerns. Online tools that support the collection of citizen science and community science data can provide stakeholders and policymakers with a wealth of information and data on ocean-related topics, such as water quality, marine biodiversity, and ocean health. Citizen science platforms, like Anecdata.org, can facilitate data collection, raise public awareness, and encourage the engagement of stakeholders in ocean policymaking. Anecdata.org is a citizen science platform developed in Maine that supports data collection and project management for coastal conservation efforts worldwide. This community-driven platform promotes effective, open, and democratized science, hosting numerous active projects with users who are helping to address critical coastal issues. Here, we review Maine coastal projects on the Anecdata platform, examine the environmental trends highlighted in these projects, and discuss how citizen science data can play a role in coastal decision-making. These case studies will demonstrate the utility of citizen and community science approaches to monitoring Maine coastal ecosystems, understanding and predicting the impacts of climate change, and informing policymaking for coastal conservation. Taken together, these projects provide diverse, critically important data as well as a meaningful way for individuals and communities to engage in protecting and preserving Maine’s iconic coastal resources

"Попівська академія" як культурно-просвітницький осередок на Слобожанщині

У статті аналізується діяльність культурного осередку на х. Попівка (тепер Сумщина), який зіграв істотну роль у розвитку освіти й духовності на Слобожанщині.This article analyzes the activities of the cultural center at village Popovci (now Sumy region), which played a significant role in the development of education and spirituality in Slobozhanshina

Osteocyte dysfunction promotes osteoarthritis through MMP13-dependent suppression of subchondral bone homeostasis.

Osteoarthritis (OA), long considered a primary disorder of articular cartilage, is commonly associated with subchondral bone sclerosis. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for changes to subchondral bone in OA, and the extent to which these changes are drivers of or a secondary reaction to cartilage degeneration, remain unclear. In knee joints from human patients with end-stage OA, we found evidence of profound defects in osteocyte function. Suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling (PLR) was most severe in the medial compartment of OA subchondral bone, with lower protease expression, diminished canalicular networks, and disorganized and hypermineralized extracellular matrix. As a step toward evaluating the causality of PLR suppression in OA, we ablated the PLR enzyme MMP13 in osteocytes while leaving chondrocytic MMP13 intact, using Cre recombinase driven by the 9.6-kb DMP1 promoter. Not only did osteocytic MMP13 deficiency suppress PLR in cortical and subchondral bone, but it also compromised cartilage. Even in the absence of injury, osteocytic MMP13 deficiency was sufficient to reduce cartilage proteoglycan content, change chondrocyte production of collagen II, aggrecan, and MMP13, and increase the incidence of cartilage lesions, consistent with early OA. Thus, in humans and mice, defects in PLR coincide with cartilage defects. Osteocyte-derived MMP13 emerges as a critical regulator of cartilage homeostasis, likely via its effects on PLR. Together, these findings implicate osteocytes in bone-cartilage crosstalk in the joint and suggest a causal role for suppressed perilacunar/canalicular remodeling in osteoarthritis