Barriers and facilitators of maternal health care services use among pastoralist women in Ethiopia: Systems thinking perspective

Barriers and facilitators of maternal health care services use among pastoralist women in Ethiopia: Systems thinking perspectiv

Condições de saúde bucal e diabetes mellitus na população nipo-brasileira de Bauru-SP Relation between oral health conditions and diabetes mellitus in a japanese population from Bauru-SP-Brazil

Este estudo transversal foi delineado para estimar a prevalência de diabetes mellitus, intolerância à glicose e condições de saúde bucal na população de origem japonesa, na faixa de 40 a 79 anos de idade, residente no município de Bauru-Brasil. Todos os indivíduos da primeira geração (isseis) e uma amostra casualizada de um terço da segunda geração (niseis) foram submetidos a entrevista domiciliar, totalizando 530 indivíduos. O exame clínico e teste oral de tolerância à glicose, e exame das condições de saúde bucal, foram realizados no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Crânio-Faciais - USP. Os dados foram processados através do programa Epi-Info, sendo que 22,9% apresentaram ocorrência de diabetes mellitus (grupo I), 15,1% tolerância à glicose diminuída (grupo II) e 61,9% foram considerados normoglicêmicos (grupo III). O percentual de indivíduos desdentados totais foi de 45,9% para a amostra e valores de 58,4%, 46,7% e 41,2% foram verificados para os grupos I, II e III, respectivamente. Entre os indivíduos edêntulos, nenhum apresentava necessidade de confecção de prótese total, em contraposição aos dados encontrados para a população brasileira em levantamento realizado pelo Ministério da Saúde (1986), cuja necessidade era da ordem de 8,3% na faixa etária de 35 a 59 anos. Pôde-se concluir que o edentulismo apresenta associação significante com a ocorrência de diabetes mellitus, porém não com a intolerância à glicose.<br>The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the oral health condition in a Japanese population aged 40 to 79, in Bauru, Brazil as well as its association with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance. It involved 530 subjects, from both sexes. All persons of first generation (Issei) and a random sample of one third of second generation (Nisei) were submitted to a home interview. A clinical examination, oral glucose tolerance test, and examination of oral health conditions took place at the Hospital of Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomaly - USP. The data were processed by Epi-Info program and 22.9% of the individuals presented diabetes mellitus (group I), 15.1% impaired glucose tolerance (group II), and 61.9% were considered normoglycemics (group III). The percentage of edentulous subjects was 45.9% for the total sample, and values of 58.4%, 46.7%, and 41.2% were observed for groups I, II, and III, respectively. Among the edentulous subjects, no one showed necessity of making a total prothesis. These data indicate that tooth loss showed significant association with the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, but there was no significant association with glucose intolerance

Re-spacing African drylands:territorialization, sedentarization and indigenous commodification in the Ethiopian pastoral frontier

This paper traces the re-spacing of pastoral drylands in Africa. We argue that rendering pastoral resources legible and profitable occurs both within and beyond the state. Through a multi-sited case study from Ethiopia's Somali region, we excavate different mechanisms of sedentarization, whereby processes of state territorialization and indigenous commodification become mutually entangled. Sedentarization is not imposed by the state or corporate capital, but by indigenous merchants who capture the frontier's potential resource dividend. Land appropriation in the drylands is co-produced by political claims to territory, capital investment and new technopolitics through which indigenous (pastoral, Somali) merchants and politicians become complicit with the state's project of territorialization and sedentarization in a self-governing fashion. The irony of this situation is that the (Ethiopian) state has failed to consolidate sedentarization through planned interventions. Instead, capital investment by local and transnational Somali merchants has opened up a neoliberal frontier that re-spaces drylands towards increasing sedentarization