A fluorescence active catalyst support comprising carbon quantum dots and magnesium oxide doping for stabilization of palladium nanoparticles: Application as a recoverable catalyst for Suzuki reaction in water

Novel magnesium oxide-carbon quantum dots are synthesized and used for the formation and stabilization of palladium nanoparticles. This highly water dispersible material, Pd@MgO-CQD, has been used as an active catalyst for Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides at room temperature and aryl chlorides at 80 °C in water. Using fluorescence emission of the material, a new protocol for determining Pd loading and leaching in catalyst preparation and recycling process is developed.The authors are grateful to Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-Grant number of 94010666) for support of this work. C. Nájera is also thankful to the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (projects CTQ2013-43446-P and CTQ2014-51912-REDC), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/017) and the University of Alicante for financial support

Magnesium oxide supported bimetallic Pd/Cu nanoparticles as an efficient catalyst for Sonogashira reaction

PdCu bimetallic nanoparticles with a diameter of about 3 nm are prepared and supported on a polymeric vinylimidazole ligand modified magnesium oxide. This new material is characterized using different analysis such as XRD, XPS, CHNS, TEM, SEM, and EDX-mapping. PdCu supported on MgO (MgO@PdCu) exhibits high catalytic activity in the Sonogashira coupling reaction of aryl iodides, bromides and chlorides with low Pd loading (0.05–0.2 mol%). This catalyst is recovered and recycled for 11 consecutive runs preserving its catalytic activity in the model reaction of iodobenzene with phenylacetylene for at least 8 cycles. Reused catalyst is characterized with TEM, XPS and EDX showing preservation of the catalyst structure. Using hot filtration and PVP poisoning tests, the catalyst shows a heterogeneous behavior for the model reaction.The authors are grateful to Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-Grant number of 95844587) for support of this work. C. Nájera is also thankful to the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (projects CTQ2013-43446-P and CTQ2014-51912-REDC), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU) (projects CTQ2016-76782-P and CTQ2016-81797-REDC), the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/017) and the University of Alicante for financial support

Green synthesis of carbon quantum dots from vanillin for modification of magnetite nanoparticles and formation of palladium nanoparticles: Efficient catalyst for Suzuki reaction

In this report we prepared carbon quantum dots (CQD) from vanillin as an ecofriendly and naturally abundant compound for modification of magnetic nanoparticles (CQD@Fe3O4 NPs). This new magnetic solid has been used for complete reduction of PdCl2 with formation of stabilized palladium nanoparticles (Pd@CQD@Fe3O4 NPs) and characterized by SEM, TEM, EDX, solid UV, VSM, XPS, XRD, and N2 adsorption–desorption analyses. These magnetic supported Pd NPs have been used as an efficient catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl bromides at room temperature in aqueous ethanol and of aryl chlorides at 120 °C in PEG200 under low catalyst loading in air. The heterogeneous catalyst can be easily recovered by an external magnet and reused for eight consecutive runs.The authors are grateful to Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-Grant number of 94010666) for support of this work. C. Nájera is also thankful to The Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (projects CTQ2013-43446-P and CTQ2014-51912-REDC), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/017) and the University of Alicante for financial support

Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Imidazole‐Modified Bentonite: Environmentally Benign Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Three‐Component Synthesis of Propargylamines in Water

Gold nanoparticles supported on imidazole‐modified bentonite, Bent@Im@Au NPs, has been developed for the first time as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of propargylamines under mild reaction conditions in water at a loading of 0.07 mol % of Au. Various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and element mapping by scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the physicochemical properties of the catalysts. The new gold catalyst was found to be highly active providing high to excellent yields of A3 coupling products via the reactions of various aldehydes, having electron‐withdrawing as well as electron‐donating substituents, with different amines and alkynes. The catalysts can be easily recovered and reused without significant loss of activity and the recycled catalyst was characterized.We are grateful to the Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-Grant number of 95844587) for support of this study. C.N. is also thankful for financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (projects CTQ2013-43446-P and CTQ2014-51912-REDC), the Spanish Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI), the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER, EU) (projects CTQ2016-76782-P and CTQ2016-81797-REDC), the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/017), and the University of Alicante

Tandem oxidation–Wittig reaction using nanocrystalline barium manganate (BaMnO4); an improved one-pot protocol

A one-pot, tandem oxidation–Wittig procedure has been developed in which the reacting components are generated in situ from alcohols, triphenyl phosphine, and ethyl bromoacetate using barium manganate as a mild oxidizing agent without the addition of an external base.The authors are grateful to Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Research Council, Shiraz University and Iran National Science Foundation (INSF-Grant number of 94010666) for support of this work. C. Nájera is also thankful to The Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (projects CTQ2013-43446-P and CTQ2014-51912-REDC), FEDER, the Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEOII/2014/017) and the University of Alicante for financial support

Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risks, 1990-2022

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is a multinational collaborative research study with >10,000 collaborators around the world. GBD generates a time series of summary measures of health, including prevalence, cause-specific mortality (CSMR), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) to provide a comprehensive view of health burden for a wide range of stakeholders including clinicians, public and private health systems, ministries of health, and other policymakers. These estimates are produced for 371 causes of death and 88 risk factors according to mutually exclusive, collectively exhaustive hierarchies of health conditions and risks. The study is led by a principal investigator and governed by a study protocol, with oversight from a Scientific Council, and an Independent Advisory Committee.1 GBD is performed in compliance with Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER).2 GBD uses de-identified data, and the waiver of informed consent was reviewed and approved by the University of Washington Institutional Review Board (study number 9060). This almanac presents results for 18 cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the CVD burden attributed to 15 risk factors (including an aggregate grouping of dietary risks) by GBD region. A summary of methods follows. Additional information can be found online at https://ghdx.healthdata.org/record/ihme-data/cvd-1990-2022, including:Funding was provided by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose. The contents and views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, the U.S. Government, or the affiliated institutions