Production and Application of Organic Fertilizer for White Leg Shrimp and Milkfish Cultivation

The slow growth of white leg shrimp and milkfish cultivation became a concern in the location of community service activity (PKM). This was mainly due to food limitation, especially concerning the difficulty in natural food development. The purpose of this endeavor is to apply the production technology and application of organic fertilizer for the cultivation of white leg shrimp and milkfish along the marginal embankments. This endeavor was carried out in April to November 2019 in Mondoe Village, Konawe Selatan District, Southeast Sulawesi. This activity was manifested by providing production facilities, training, production of organic fertilizer, the use of organic fertilizer, white leg shrimp and milkfish cultivation, monitoring, and activities evaluation. The implementation of this activity was able to increase the knowledge, perception, and skills of participants as partners in producing fermented organic fertilizer. The application of the use of organic fertilizer was able to provide alternatives and overcome the limitation of fertilizer for aquaculture businesses in embankments. The results of this PKM were proven to be able to improve partners' knowledge and skills and provide solutions in overcoming the limitation of fertilizer especially in terms of aquaculture businesses in embankments

Understanding Reward Ambiguity Through Optimal Transport Theory in Inverse Reinforcement Learning

In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), the central objective is to infer underlying reward functions from observed expert behaviors in a way that not only explains the given data but also generalizes to unseen scenarios. This ensures robustness against reward ambiguity where multiple reward functions can equally explain the same expert behaviors. While significant efforts have been made in addressing this issue, current methods often face challenges with high-dimensional problems and lack a geometric foundation. This paper harnesses the optimal transport (OT) theory to provide a fresh perspective on these challenges. By utilizing the Wasserstein distance from OT, we establish a geometric framework that allows for quantifying reward ambiguity and identifying a central representation or centroid of reward functions. These insights pave the way for robust IRL methodologies anchored in geometric interpretations, offering a structured approach to tackle reward ambiguity in high-dimensional settings

Optimization of recombinant bacterial fermentations for pharmaceutical production

Two computer programs were developed and used to determine the optimum operating parameters of a fedbatch and a continuous two-stage process for fermentation of recombinant bacteria. The study was conducted in three phases: (a) developing two computer programs for simulation and optimization of the above processes, (b) conducting batch culture fermentations to verify the performance of the biokinetic model, and (c) conducting fedbatch and two-stage continuous fermentation experiments to closely examine the simulation and optimization results. The Miao and Kompala (1992) biokinetic model was used for simulation of the bacterial growth and cloned gene expression. The Pattern-Search method, developed by Hooke and Jeeves (1962), was incorporated in the programs to determine the optimum values of the parameters. Extensive studies of the optimization results showed 30-40% higher productivities for the two stage continuous process over the fedbatch process when using the same media in both processes. In addition, increasing the number of stages in the continuous two-stage process resulted in very limited improvement in the productivity of the process (10-12%). The information from the process optimization was then used to design batch, fedbatch nd two stage continuous experiments. Recombinant E. coli (strain BL21DE3) with an inducible gene (sensitive to IPTG, isopropyl-â-D-thiogalactopyranoside) was used throughout the experiments. The experimental results from the fedbatch and two stage continuous processes clearly showed good agreement with the simulation and optimization results $(\cong$15% deviation). The experiments also revealed that the maintenance of plasmid harboring cells over the long-term operation could be an important barrier in achieving the predicted high productivity in the two stage continuous process. Finally, in addition to computer programs for optimization of genetically modified microorganisms, a new computer program with a generic algorithm for optimization of multiple CFSTR fermentation with any kind of biokinetic model was developed. The program was used to optimize multiple CFSTRs with the cybernetic biokinetic model for the first time. Besides finding the optimum residence times for multiple CFSTRs operation, the effect of inaccuracies in different cybernetic model parameters on the overall productivity of the process was investigated. The simulation results illustrated that, a single CFSTR was more sensitive in its operation to inaccuracies in the biokinetic constants as compared to optimized CFSTRs in series (2-8 times more sensitive)

Kontribusi Manajemen Supervisi Pengawas, Terhadap Kinerja Guru Penjas Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Donri-Donri Kabupaten Soppeng

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ; Kontribusi Manajemen Supervisi Pengawas, Terhadap Kinerja Guru Penjas Sekolah Dasar Di Kecamatan Donri-Donri Kabupaten Soppeng Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian deskriptif. Populasinya adalah Guru pendidikan jasmani dengan sampel 28 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis Deskriptif dan analisis regresi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa Terdapat kontribusi manajemen supervise pengawas pada SD sekecamatan Donri-donri di Kabupaten Soppeng terhadap kinerja guru Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga dan Kesehatan sebesar 67,8%

The Association between Mental Workload and Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Workers of Ahvaz Kavian Steel Company

Background: One of the most important problems in modern industries is the high mental workload which can affect the health and hygiene of workers in these industries. This study was carried out to investigate the association between mental workload and work- related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in a case study among workers of Ahvaz Kavian Steel Company, Ahvaz, Iran, in 2016. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 240 workers of Ahvaz Kavian Steel Company participated. Data collection tools were the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire (NMQ) and NASA-TLX mental workload questionnaire, filled out through interviewing participants in the work place. Data were analyzed by using independent-samples t-test and chi-square in SPSS19. Results: During the last 12 months, 75.8% of workers experienced musculoskeletal disorder symptoms. "Physical demand" (P=0.002) and "Effort" (P=0.015) from the NASA-TLX questionnaire and shift work, among demographic features, (P=0.025) were significantly associated with MSDs prevalence in these workers. Conclusion: Musculoskeletal disorders had a high prevalence in workers of Ahvaz Kavian Steel Company. Because of the significant relation between of some dimensions of mental the work load index and demographic characteristics with musculoskeletal disorders; creating proper working conditions, utilizing ergonomic based designed implements and providing more staff training programs, can help prevent musculoskeletal disorders

Optimization of baffle spacingon heat transfer, pressure drop and estimated price in a shell-and-tube heat exchanger

In this paper for a given heat duty, study of the effects of baffle spacing on three parameters mentioned above is considered in a STHX with single segmental baffles and staggered tubes layout in Iran, Arvand petrochemical. A program in EES (Engineering Equations Solver) software is used for this purpose to solve governing equations; moreover, Aspen B-JAC and HTFS+softwares are used for considering estimated total price. At first the simulated results obtained from this program is compared to the experimental data for two cases of baffle spacing. The effects of baffle spacing are considered from 4 to 24 inches over overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC) to pressure drop ratio (U/Δp ratio). The results show that U/Δp ratio is low when baffle spacing is minimum (4 inches) because pressure drop is high; however, heat transfer coefficient is very significant. And in this case estimated total price increases 7 percent. Then with the increase of baffle spacing, pressure drop rapidly decreases and OHTC also decreases, but the decrease of OHTC is lower than pressure drop, so (U/Δp) ratio increases. After increasing baffles more than 12 inches, variation in pressure drop is gradual and approximately constant and OHTC decreases; Consequently, U/Δp ratio decreases again. If baffle spacing reaches to 24 inches, STHX will have minimum pressure drop, but OHTC decreases, so required heat transfer surface increases and U/?p ratio decreases. After baffle spacing more than 12 inches, variation of both estimated price and shell side pressure drop is negligible. So optimum baffle spacing is suggested between 8 to 12 inches (43 to 63 percent of inside shell diameter) for a sufficient heat duty, low cost and low pressure drop. © IDOSI Publications, 2012