JEWISH HISTORIOGRAPHY ON THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND ITS JEWRYFROM THE LATE FIFTEENTH CENTURY TO THE EARLY DECADES OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The thesis analyzes how Jewish historians presented the Ottoman Empire and its Jewish subjects during the long time span between the end of the fifteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century. In the first part of the thesis, the key characteristics of the Jewish attitude towards history and history writing are analyzed. Throughout the ages of pre-1820, Jews are observed to be consciously lukewarm towards history. The sealing of the Bible and the emergence of an apocalyptic/messianic world view, which are both considered to have taken place around the last centuries of B.C.E., are illustrated as two major causes behind the emergence of this particular Jewish attitude towards history. In the second part of the thesis, the historiography of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries are examined with special emphasis on the period historians who explicitly wrote historical works. As the Ottoman Empire was the super power of the age, in these historical writings, a special divine role was attributed to the Empire. The consecutive part of the thesis focuses on historical writings on the Sabbatian messianic movement. As one of the important episodes of the early modern period of Jewish history, the Sabbatian movement stimulated awareness and interest in history even in the far flung communities of Diaspora and produced a new surge of history writing. The modernization of the Ottoman Empire Jewry that began after the 1840s, and adaptation of numerous already-existing social and intellectual models of the West is the subject of the final part of the thesis. Each of these western Jewish intellectual movements had their distinctive approach to history and influenced the Ottoman Jewish historians in their writings of history. However, the actual scientific and objective historical writings on the Ottoman Jewry started much later in the second half of the twentieth century and gained popularity in the 1980s with the increased world-wide interest in the Ottoman/Turkish Jewry

TURKEY AND THE RESCUE OF JEWS DURING THE NAZI ERA: A REAPPRAISAL OF TWO CASES; GERMAN-JEWISH SCIENTISTS IN TURKEY & TURKISH JEWS IN OCCUPIED FRANCE

The study aims to investigate in depth two incidents that have been widely presented in literature as examples of the humanitarian and compassionate Turkish Republic lending her helping hand to Jewish people who had fallen into difficult, even life threatening, conditions under the racist policies of the Nazi German regime. The first incident involved recruiting more than one hundred Jewish scientists and skilled technical personnel from German-controlled Europe for the purpose of reforming outdated academia in Turkey. The second incident is the rescue of Jews of Turkish origin as well as those of non-Turkish origin from France during WWII. Both events were vociferously introduced for the first time in the early 1990s, within the discourse of the Quincentennial Foundation founded to commemorate the five hundreth year of immigration of Jews to the Ottoman Empire following their expulsion from Spain in 1492. Our study shows that behind the Turkish recruitment of German-Jewish scholars, it was not humanitarian motives, but the interest of the Turkish state was the main and only motivation and the Jewishness of those scientists did not play any role in the decision of their employment. The study also shows that the Turkish government did not appear to have shown any concrete intention to rescue its Jewish citizens in France who were under the threat of deportations, particularly in the last months of 1942. On the contrary, with mass denaturalization policies, the government was reluctant to take back a sizable portion of its Jewish citizens in France. Only in December 1943, with the obvious defeat of Germany on the horizon and with the realization that only a small number of Jewish citizens would return, did the government give consent to their transportation to Turkey. The sources analyzed also do not confirm an unconventional or special altruistic act of the Turkish diplomats in France in relation to protecting or saving Jewish victims at that time

Malignant Struma Ovarii: A Case Report

We present a case of a 40-yr-old woman diagnosed with a primary malignant struma ovarii. The patient was admitted with the complaint of pelvic pain and a large pelvic mass in the mid-portion of lower abdomen on gynecological examination. Pre-operative tumor markers and routine biochemistry were unremarkable. She was treated with total abdominal hysterectomy and right salpingo-oopherectomy. Post-operatively, she was diagnosed with a malignant struma ovarii through the usage of histopathological criteria similar to the guidelines for primary thyroid gland disease. The patient was subsequently performed left salpingo-oopherectomy and retroperitoneal pelvic lympadenectomy for re-staging. Although, left ovary and lymph nodes were histopathologically normal, she was offered thyroidectomy but she refused to accept the offer. Thyroglobulin level was monitored in the post-operative period. She is free of the disease for 18 months

Poetry and Musıc In the Republican Era: Minstrelsy Tradition

Edebiyat ve müzik arasındaki ilişki “söz” ve “ses”in kardeşliğinden doğmuştur. En eski çağlardan beri bu iki sanat birbirini beslemiş, zenginleştirmiş, aralarında uzak ya da yakın sürekli bir etkileşim söz konusu olmuştur. Edebiyatın birçok türünde müzikle bağ kurmak mümkündür. Ancak bu yakınlaşmanın, birlikteliğin en yoğun yaşandığı tür “şiir”dir. Kaynak tarama modeli ile yapılan bu araştırmada Tanzimat’a kadar olan süre içinde edebiyatımızın şiir ağırlıklı bir edebiyat olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tanzimat, sadece siyasi, askeri, iktisadi yaşantımızı değil, içtimai yaşantımızı, kültür ve sanatımızı da derinden etkilemiştir. Tanzimat’la başlayan Batı’ya yönelme hareketi Cumhuriyet döneminde de etkisini sürdürür. Ancak 1912’de Selanik’te Genç Kalemler dergisiyle başlayan Milli Edebiyat Dönemi, daha çok bir “halka doğru” hareketidir. Başta dil olmak üzere her alanda millileşmeyi hedefler. Halk şiirinden faydalanma, modern şiir anlayışını geleneksel şiir anlayışıyla kaynaştırma eğilimi Cumhuriyet döneminde devam eder. Memleketçi sanat anlayışını benimseyenler başta olmak üzere Cumhuriyet döneminde pek çok sanatçı Anadolu coğrafyası ve insanının güzelliklerini işleyip hece ölçüsü, dörtlük nazım birimi gibi halk şiirine özgü kalıpları kullanırken, halk şiirimiz de yaşanan çağın sosyo-kültürel değişimine göre içine yeni motifler alarak gelişimini sürdürür. Türk saz şiiri zaten müzik eşliklidir. Saf (Öz) şiir, sözcüklerle yaratılacak bir bestenin peşindedir. Modern şiir alanındaki ürünlerin bestelenerek gönüllerde yer ettiği gözlemlenir. Orhan Seyfi Orhon, Cemal Safi şiirlerinin neredeyse hepsi bestelenmiştir. Hem müziğin hem edebiyatın kapsamında değerlendirilen “ şarkı” ve “türkü” hızla değişen zevklerin, yeni bir dünya görüşünün, duygu ve düşünce evirilmelerinin tanıkları olarak günümüze uzanır. 1929 ekonomik buhranı, II. Dünya savaşı, çok partili hayata geçiş, darbeler, muhtıralar, Kore Harbi, yurt dışına işçi gönderme, Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı, köyden kente göç… derken 21. yüzyıl kapımızı çalar. İnsanlığın bu uzun yüzyılı boyunca yaşananlar edebiyat ve müzik serüvenimizi de etkiler. Konu ile ilgili tarihi süreci yansıtan bilgiler, kaynak taraması sonucu elde edilenlerin genel özeti şeklinde verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, Cumhuriyet’e kadar edebiyatımızın müzikle olan yoldaşlığını kısaca özetlemek; Cumhuriyet döneminde romanda, şiirde, tiyatroda müzik etkilerine değindikten sonra değişen zamana göre içine yeni motifler alarak gelişen, zenginleşen Türk Saz Şiiri ve âşıklık geleneğini irdelemektir.The relationship between literature and music, "word" and "sound" was born from in brotherhood. Since the most ancient art of these two feed off each other, enriching been has been a continuous interaction between these distant or close. Literature is possible to establish a link to the music of many kinds. However, this convergence, type of association is widespread "poetry".Turkish literature until the Tanzimat period is mainly a literary poetry. Reforms only political, military, not our economic life, social life, we, have deeply influenced our culture and art. Starting with the Tanzimat period, Western-oriented movements of the Republic also remains in effect. However, in 1912 the National Literature Young Period Items starting with the magazine in Thessaloniki, more of a "public right" movement. Aims to nationalization in all areas, especially language. Benefit from folk poetry, integration trend will continue during the Republican era with modern poetry traditional poetry. Althought many artists Anatolia during the Republican period, especially those adopting the concept of art and the process and syllabic the beauty of the human, using verse poetry unit patterns that are specific to such folk poetry into . Orhan Seyfi ORHON, almost all of Cemal Safi poem was composed. Both the music and the literature that evaluated under "singing" and "folk" rapidly changing tastes of a new world vision extends to the present day as thoughts and feelings that they evolved witnesses. The aim of this study is to summarize the literature companionship with our music to the Republic; Republican era novels, poetry, music, theater, after mentioning the effects by developing new motifs in accordance with the changing times, to evaluate the enrichment of the Turkish Saz Poetry and the minstrel tradition

Poetry and musıc In the republican era: Minstrelsy tradition

Edebiyat ve müzik arasındaki ilişki “söz” ve “ses”in kardeşliğinden doğmuştur. En eski çağlardan beri bu iki sanat birbirini beslemiş, zenginleştirmiş, aralarında uzak ya da yakın sürekli bir etkileşim söz konusu olmuştur. Edebiyatın birçok türünde müzikle bağ kurmak mümkündür. Ancak bu yakınlaşmanın, birlikteliğin en yoğun yaşandığı tür “şiir”dir. Kaynak tarama modeli ile yapılan bu araştırmada Tanzimat’a kadar olan süre içinde edebiyatımızın şiir ağırlıklı bir edebiyat olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tanzimat, sadece siyasi, askeri, iktisadi yaşantımızı değil, içtimai yaşantımızı, kültür ve sanatımızı da derinden etkilemiştir. Tanzimat’la başlayan Batı’ya yönelme hareketi Cumhuriyet döneminde de etkisini sürdürür. Ancak 1912’de Selanik’te Genç Kalemler dergisiyle başlayan Milli Edebiyat Dönemi, daha çok bir “halka doğru” hareketidir. Başta dil olmak üzere her alanda millileşmeyi hedefler. Halk şiirinden faydalanma, modern şiir anlayışını geleneksel şiir anlayışıyla kaynaştırma eğilimi Cumhuriyet döneminde devam eder. Memleketçi sanat anlayışını benimseyenler başta olmak üzere Cumhuriyet döneminde pek çok sanatçı Anadolu coğrafyası ve insanının güzelliklerini işleyip hece ölçüsü, dörtlük nazım birimi gibi halk şiirine özgü kalıpları kullanırken, halk şiirimiz de yaşanan çağın sosyo-kültürel değişimine göre içine yeni motifler alarak gelişimini sürdürür. Türk saz şiiri zaten müzik eşliklidir. Saf (Öz) şiir, sözcüklerle yaratılacak bir bestenin peşindedir. Modern şiir alanındaki ürünlerin bestelenerek gönüllerde yer ettiği gözlemlenir. Orhan Seyfi Orhon, Cemal Safi şiirlerinin neredeyse hepsi bestelenmiştir. Hem müziğin hem edebiyatın kapsamında değerlendirilen “ şarkı” ve “türkü” hızla değişen zevklerin, yeni bir dünya görüşünün, duygu ve düşünce evirilmelerinin tanıkları olarak günümüze uzanır. 1929 ekonomik buhranı, II. Dünya savaşı, çok partili hayata geçiş, darbeler, muhtıralar, Kore Harbi, yurt dışına işçi gönderme, Kıbrıs Barış Harekâtı, köyden kente göç… derken 21. yüzyıl kapımızı çalar. İnsanlığın bu uzun yüzyılı boyunca yaşananlar edebiyat ve müzik serüvenimizi de etkiler. Konu ile ilgili tarihi süreci yansıtan bilgiler, kaynak taraması sonucu elde edilenlerin genel özeti şeklinde verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, Cumhuriyet’e kadar edebiyatımızın müzikle olan yoldaşlığını kısaca özetlemek; Cumhuriyet döneminde romanda, şiirde, tiyatroda müzik etkilerine değindikten sonra değişen zamana göre içine yeni motifler alarak gelişen, zenginleşen Türk Saz Şiiri ve âşıklık geleneğini irdelemektir.The relationship between literature and music, "word" and "sound" was born from in brotherhood. Since the most ancient art of these two feed off each other, enriching been has been a continuous interaction between these distant or close. Literature is possible to establish a link to the music of many kinds. However, this convergence, type of association is widespread "poetry".Turkish literature until the Tanzimat period is mainly a literary poetry. Reforms only political, military, not our economic life, social life, we, have deeply influenced our culture and art. Starting with the Tanzimat period, Western-oriented movements of the Republic also remains in effect. However, in 1912 the National Literature Young Period Items starting with the magazine in Thessaloniki, more of a "public right" movement. Aims to nationalization in all areas, especially language. Benefit from folk poetry, integration trend will continue during the Republican era with modern poetry traditional poetry. Althought many artists Anatolia during the Republican period, especially those adopting the concept of art and the process and syllabic the beauty of the human, using verse poetry unit patterns that are specific to such folk poetry into . Orhan Seyfi ORHON, almost all of Cemal Safi poem was composed. Both the music and the literature that evaluated under "singing" and "folk" rapidly changing tastes of a new world vision extends to the present day as thoughts and feelings that they evolved witnesses. The aim of this study is to summarize the literature companionship with our music to the Republic; Republican era novels, poetry, music, theater, after mentioning the effects by developing new motifs in accordance with the changing times, to evaluate the enrichment of the Turkish Saz Poetry and the minstrel tradition

Giant leiomyosarcoma: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare uterine malignancy. Most of the patients lack symptoms or present with a rapidly enlarging pelvic mass

Perineural invasion is a valuable prognostic factor in advanced stage and/or Node (+) cervical cancer

Background: Perineural invasion (PNI) is correlated with adverse survival in several malignancies, but its significance cervical cancer remains to be clearly defined. The objective of this study was to determine the association between PNI status and clinical outcomes in clinically localized surgically treated cervical cancers. Materials and Methods: We reviewed clinical records and pathology slides of 111 patients with cervical cancer treated with surgery at a single academic center. PNI was evaluated for presence, number of foci per slide, involved largest nerve size, and topographically (intratumoral vs. extratumoral). Association with these parameters, clinicopathologic characteristics and survival were analyzed. Results: The analysis demonstrated that PNI in cervical cancer was significantly correlated with parametrial invasion, tumor size, resection margin involvement, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node (LN) metastasis, depth of stromal invasion, necrosis, and higher stage disease (P < 0.005). Similarly, PNI density and mean size of the nerve involved were also associated with advanced stage (P < 0.005). In the multivariate analysis, PNI was not an independent prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival. However, in the advanced stage cases and LN (+) cases, PNI is significantly associated with lower overall survival (43 vs. 58 months and 36 vs. 60 months, respectively, P < 0.005). Conclusions: The presence of PNI is accompanied by high-risk factors for recurrence. Overall survival rate is significantly reduced in PNI (+) patients. Although PNI itself is not an independent prognostic factor, PNI has a significant prognostic impact on overall survival in patients with advanced stage and/or Node (+) cervical cancer

A novel electrochemical aflatoxin B1 immunosensor based on gold nanoparticle-decorated porous graphene nanoribbon and Ag nanocube-incorporated MoS2 nanosheets

The accurate and precisive monitoring of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is one of the most hazardous mycotoxins, especially in agricultural products, is significant for human and environmental health. AFB1 generally contaminates agricultural products such as corn and feedstuff. In this paper, a novel electrochemical AFB1 immunosensor was constructed based on Ag nanocubes (AgNCs) incorporated trigonal metallic MoS2 nanosheets with 1T phase (AgNCs/1T-MoS2) as signal amplification and gold nanoparticles/porous graphene nanoribbon (AuNPs/PGNR) as an electrochemical sensor platform. First, the chronoamperometry method was implemented to provide electrodeposition of AuNPs on PGNR following chemical reduction of PGNR. Immobilization of the primer AFB1 antibody was performed via amino-gold affinity between primer antibody and AuNPs/PGNR composite. Subsequently, the conjugation of seconder antibody to AgNCs/1T-MoS2 was performed by strong pi-pi and electrostatic interactions. To describe the surface morphology and elemental composition of the prepared electrochemical AFB1 immunosensor, physicochemical characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to evaluate the immunosensor's electrochemical performance. The developed electrochemical AFB1 immunosensor offered a good sensitivity with a detection limit (LOD) of 2.00 fg mL(-1). Finally, an electrochemical AFB1 immunosensor with satisfactory selectivity, stability and reusability was applied in wheat samples with high recovery

Hacettepe Health Cohort (HU-CoVaCS): Study Design, Baseline Characteristics and the First 3-Month-Follow Up of COVID-19 Vaccinated Students Hacettepe Sağlık Kohortu (HU-CoVaCS): Çalışma Tasarımı, Başlangıç Viziti Değerlendirmesi ve COVID-19 Aşılıların İlk Üç Aylık Takip Verileri

Objective: This study included participants from Hacettepe University 4th, 5th, and 6th-grade students of Medical School and 4th and 5th-grade students of Dental School; and aimed to evaluate the general health status, COVID-19 history, vaccination status, and SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels of the participants to support their physical and social health, during the pandemic period. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted with an integrated, matched, nested case-control study. Sociode-mographic characteristics, life habits, COVID-19 history, vaccination status, compliance with mask-distance-hygiene rules, and risks (if any) for COVID-19 were inquired via online questionnaires. Physical examinations, complete blood count, biochemistry tests, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody tests were conducted for all consenting partici-pants. All analyses were established using depersonalized data. Results: Of the 778 participants completing the baseline visit in June-July 2021, the percentages of those vaccinated with at least one, two, and three/more doses of COVID-19 vaccine were 99.1%, 98.0%, and 11.7%, respectively; one had four doses. The median (minimum-maximum) time since the last vaccination was 134 (34-166) days for those vaccinated with two doses [CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, Beijing, China)] and 25 (14-56) days for those vaccinated with three doses [two doses of CoronaVac and a last dose of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (Comirnaty®). The third dose was applied at a median of 164 (151-202) days after the second dose, and all were heterologous in type. The median (minimum-maximum) antibody level for the overall group was 53.55(0-5680) BAU/mL: 47.19 BAU/mL in those who received two doses, with a more than 100 times increase after a third dose (4943.64 BAU/mL). Of the 522 participants followed up to October 1, 2021, 6 PCR-positive symptomatic participants were diagnosed with COVID-19: the incidence rate was 4/1000 person-months. Conclusion: A 100-fold neutralizing antibody level following the third dose demonstrated the importance of a booster dose. Given the time lag between doses, antibody measurements of BioNTech recipients should be repeated in the upcoming months. Booster selection should involve antibody level, variant sensitivity of the vaccine, and individual characteristics of the recipient