About the "away goals rule" in association football:Does scrapping the rule increase the fairness of the game?

The present study analyzes all major international football tournaments organized by UEFA and CONMEBOL during a period of 30 years to assess the impact of the away goals rule (AGR). The study takes advantage of natural experiment given by the differentiated application of the AGR by both confederations, in order to assess the efficacy and the consequences of the rule in terms of both the total amount of goals being scored (the original intention of the rule) and the teams that progressed onto the next stages. The results show that the AGR seems to have failed to fulfill its original goal of increasing both scoring by teams playing away and scoring in general. The AGR is found to have a significant impact favoring the chances of the team starting the series at home. However, it still does not translate into a higher probability of progressing onto the next stage than the team closing the series at home. Closing the series at home has an intrinsic advantage, which is only countered, although not completely, by the impact of the AGR. Regarding tiebreakers, we observe that closing the series at home has a positive impact no matter whether overtimes with AGR or penalty shootouts are used as tiebreakers. However, playing an overtime, when no AGR is set in place has a determining influence favoring the team closing the series at home

[Edicto de Francisco Yañez Bahamonde dirigido a los fieles del Obispado de Valladolid por los Comisarios Jueces Apostólicos y Reales, Subdelegados del Tribunal de la Santa Cruzada de la Ciudad de Valladolid, en el que se aclaran a los fieles las dudas suscitadas en el uso del indulto apostólico para poder comer carnes en días prohibidos por la Iglesia, y se relacionan las clases de limosnas y bulas.]

Texto rubricado por josé Sacristán, Manuel Joaquín Tarancon y Santiago Linares.Fecha del edicto: Madrid, 1 de abril de 1817Fecha de fin de texto: Valladolid, 18 de septiembre de 1817Texto a dos col.Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

Generalized f(R,ϕ,X)f(R,\phi,X) gravity and the late-time cosmic acceleration

High-precision observational data have confirmed with startling evidence that the Universe is currently undergoing a phase of accelerated expansion. This phase, one of the most important and challenging current problems in cosmology, represents a new imbalance in the governing gravitational equations. Historically, physics has addressed such imbalances by either identifying sources that were previously unaccounted for, or by altering the gravitational theory. Several candidates, responsible for this expansion, have been proposed in the literature, in particular, dark energy models and modified gravity models, amongst others. Outstanding questions are related to the nature of this so-called "dark energy" that is driving this acceleration, and whether it is due to the vacuum energy or a dynamical field. On the other hand, the late-time cosmic acceleration may be due to modifications of General Relativity. In this work we explore a generalised modified gravity theory, namely $f(R,\phi,X)$ gravity, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar, $\phi$ is a scalar field, and $X$ is a kinetic term. This theory contains a wide range of dark energy and modified gravity models. We considered specific models and applications to the late-time cosmic acceleration.Comment: 13 pages, 1 figure; slightly revised version, displayed name corrected. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1412.086

Sustainability and Tourist Activities in Protected Natural Areas: The Case of Three Natural Parks of Andalusia (Spain)

As a form of protection, a nature park is often created to protect and valorise natural and cultural heritage in peripheral rural areas. However, in terms of multifunctionality, new nature parks incorporate traditional productive activities, such as recreational and tourist activities, which sometimes compromise sustainability. The research objective is to study the relationship between tourism and sustainability in the nature parks of Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche, Sierra Norte de Sevilla and Sierra de Hornachuelos that make up the Dehesas de Sierra Morena Biosphere Reserve in Andalusia, Spain. Therefore, selective interviews have been carried out with the stakeholders to establish their perception of sustainable tourism and the presence of dominant discourses. The main conclusions indicate: (1) the presence of different dominant discourses on sustainability, namely the conservationist and mercantilist ones, with the prevalence of the economic dimension; (2) poor awareness and adaptation to the context of global change; and (3) the presence of competitive relationships that generate difficulties for the governance of sustainable tourism

From riding to driving:The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on public transit in Metro Vancouver

This study analyzed a panel-based dataset to understand the effect of COVID-19 on transport behavior in Metro Vancouver, Canada, between December 2020 and May 2021. Findings from the sample indicate a decline in transit users compared to pre-pandemic levels and an increase in car use. On the other hand, we saw a shift to a more positive perception of transit in May 2021, while also capturing an increase in perceived levels of crowding. The study underscores the necessity for transit agencies to focus on instilling the feeling of safety among the population, as the majority of those who have not used transit since the beginning of the pandemic reported their willingness to return only with widespread vaccination, community immunity, or other broad successful treatments

Nutrient resorption in two co existing Nothofagus species in southern Patagonia.

Nutrient resorption understood as the “movement” of nutrients from leaves prior to abscission towards other tissues or internal stores has been suggested to be a key component of nutrient conservation in deciduous forest species (Ares and Gleason 2007). This strategy allows plants to use these nutrients for new growth or store, hence decreasing their dependence on soil nutrient availability. Native forests in southern Argentine Patagonia cover approximately 1.2 million ha, corresponding more than 95% of these forests to the southern beeches Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) and Nothofagus antarctica (ñire) (Peri et al. 2016). In general, both deciduous species occupy places with different environmental conditions. N. pumilio forest are mostly found as pure stands in well drained soils, while N. antarctica, a more plastic and rustic species, is displaced to more unfavourable site conditions including rocky or poorly drained soils, and more xeric zones in the limit with the Patagonian steppe. Nevertheless, there are small transitional areas where both species can coͲexist using the same sources of resources. The objective of this study was to compare nutrient resorption of both species growing together in two contrasting situations of environmental conditions and forest productivity.EEA Santa CruzFil: Bahamonde, Héctor Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Bahamonde, Héctor Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Fernández, Victoria. Technological University of Madrid. School of Forest Engineering. Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research; EspañaFil: Mattenet, Francisco Javier. Consejo Agrario Provincial de Santa Cruz. Dirección Provincial de Bosques; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Mineral elements in grasses growing in contrasting environmental conditions in southern Patagonia

The importance of grasses and graminoids for sheep nutrition in Argentinean Patagonia is widely recognized. Focusing on sheep nutrition, we assessed the concentration of mineral elements in grasses growing in three ecological areas of southern Patagonia, representing a vegetation and climate gradient. With the aim of establishing potential relationships, tissue concentrations of several essential and non-essential elements for plants were determined, analyzing also soil properties. Soil and plant tissue mineral element concentrations varied between ecological areas and also depending on the particular element. The results obtained provide novel information about the nutritional characteristics of the main feeding source for sheep in southern Patagonia, but further trials will be required for improving our understanding of mineral element nutrition in relation to sheep production.EEA Santa CruzFil: Bahamonde, Héctor Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Victoria. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural. Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales; EspañaFil: Mattenet, Francisco Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Comedias sueltas del Museo Nacional del Teatro

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Cultura. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 2009Precede al tít."Num 48"Pie de imprenta tomado del colofón.Texto a dos col.En el margen superior de la primera página aparecen manuscritos los nombres "Latorre" y "D. Juan de Silva

Commuting to the future: Assessing the relationship between individuals’ usage of information and communications technology, personal attitudes, characteristics and mode choice

Innovations in transportation and communications technologies influence the development of cities and how people move through them. Since the widespread adoption of smartphones, mobility and information and communication technology (ICT) have become increasingly interconnected, and there may be a possibility for mobile technologies to nudge, or influence, individuals to travel using sustainable, and collective modes. It remains unclear whether social, financial, or ICT incentives would be effective to nudge the use of sustainable modes. The objective of the study is to understand the reasons affecting modal choices and how the use of ICTs and personal opinions and attitudes influence the decision-making process. A discrete choice model is used to consider five transportation alternatives including three single modes, namely bicycle, transit, and car, and two multimodal possibilities, bicycle and transit as well as park and ride (car and transit). The target population for this study are Utrecht University employees, who travel to a large university campus located in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The results of the person-based mode-choice model demonstrate that strong correlations exist between the kinds of mobile applications individuals use, their attitudes towards travel, their personal characteristics and their transportation mode. No mobile application seems to favor the use of active modes, which cast doubts upon the use of ICT to promote sustainable transportation. However, social incentives may play an important role for certain groups as individuals who are influenced by their friends, family, and colleagues, are less likely to travel by car or to use park & ride facilities

Essential Nutrient and Trace Element Foliar Resorption of Two Co-Existing Nothofagus Species Grown Under Different Environmental Conditions in Southern Patagonia

Nutrient resorption is crucial for mineral element conservation and efficiency of forest species, but knowledge on its significance and the mechanisms involved is still limited for most species and habitats. Focusing on the harsh conditions for plant growth and survival of southern Patagonia, a field study for comparing the rate of foliar resorption of macro-, micro-nutrients, and trace elements in coexisting Nothofagus pumilio and Nothofagus antarctica forests was performed. Forests located in three contrasting productivity sites (with different soil and climatic conditions) were selected, and mature, functional versus senescent leaves of both species were collected at two different dates of the growing season. Macro- (N, P, Ca, K, S, and Mg), micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Ni), and trace elements (Al, Li, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, and Tl) were determined in foliar tissues. The mineral element concentrations of mature and senescent leaves were used for calculating the nutrient resorption efficiency (NuR). In general, and making an average of all sites and species, macro-nutrient resorption showed a decreasing trend for N > S = K > P > Mg, being Ca the only macro-nutrient with negative values (i.e., no resorption). Resorption of the majority of the elements did not vary between species in any of the evaluated sites. Variation across sites in nutrient resorption efficiency for most macronutrients, some micronutrients, and trace elements was observed for N. antarctica, whereas N. pumilio had a similar NuR for all experimental sites. On the other hand, regardless of the site or the species, some elements were not resorbed (e.g., B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Al, and Ti). It is concluded that both Nothofagus species performed similarly concerning their nutrient conservation strategy, when coexisting in the same mixed forest. However, no evidence was gained for an increased rate of foliar NuR in association with the sites subjected to more limiting soil and climatic conditions for plant growth.EEA Santa CruzFil: Bahamonde, Héctor Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Victoria. Universidad Tecnológica de Madrid. School of Forest Engineering. Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group; EspañaFil: Gyenge, Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce. Agencia de Extensión Rural Tandil; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mattenet, Francisco Javier. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; ArgentinaFil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin