277 research outputs found
Missing energies at pair creation
Wilson cloud chamber measurements of the separated spectra of positrons and electrons produced by gamma quanta of 6.14 MeV differ considerably from the theoretically predicted spectra by BETHE and HEITLER, but are in good agreement with those of a modified theory of pair creation
A patient-derived xenograft pre-clinical trial reveals treatment responses and a resistance mechanism to karonudib in metastatic melanoma
Karonudib (TH1579) is a novel compound that exerts anti-tumor activities and has recently entered phase I clinical testing. The aim of this study was to conduct a pre-clinical trial in patient-derived xenografts to identify the possible biomarkers of response or resistance that could guide inclusion of patients suffering from metastatic melanoma in phase II clinical trials. Patient-derived xenografts from 31 melanoma patients with metastatic disease were treated with karonudib or a vehicle for 18 days. Treatment responses were followed by measuring tumor sizes, and the models were categorized in the response groups. Tumors were harvested and processed for RNA sequencing and protein analysis. To investigate the effect of karonudib on T-cell-mediated anti-tumor activities, tumor-infiltrating T cells were injected in mice carrying autologous tumors and the mice treated with karonudib. We show that karonudib has heterogeneous anti-tumor effect on metastatic melanoma. Thus, based on the treatment responses, we could divide the 31 patient-derived xenografts in three treatment groups: progression group (32%), suppression group (42%), and regression group (26%). Furthermore, we show that karonudib has anti-tumor effect, irrespective of major melanoma driver mutations. Also, we identify high expression of ABCB1, which codes for p-gp pumps as a resistance biomarker. Finally, we show that karonudib treatment does not hamper T-cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. These findings can be used to guide future use of karonudib in clinical use with a potential approach as precision medicine
High performance aluminumâcerium alloys for high-temperature applications
Light-weight high-temperature alloys are important to the transportation industry where weight, cost, and operating temperature are major factors in the design of energy efficient vehicles. Aluminum alloys fill this gap economically but lack high-temperature mechanical performance. Alloying aluminum with cerium creates a highly castable alloy, compatible with traditional aluminum alloy additions, that exhibits dramatically improved high-temperature performance. These compositions display a room temperature ultimate tensile strength of 400 MPa and yield strength of 320 MPa, with 80% mechanical property retention at 240 °C. A mechanism is identified that addresses the mechanical property stability of the Al-alloys to at least 300 °C and their microstructural stability to above 500 °C which may enable applications without the need for heat treatment. Finally, neutron diffraction under load provides insight into the unusual mechanisms driving the mechanical strength
Investigating dietary life histories and mobility of children buried in St Gertrude Church Cemetery, Riga, Latvia (15thâ 17th centuries AD)
Carbon and nitrogen isotope profiles were obtained from incremental dentine analysis of 19 nonâadults from a cemetery in Riga, Latvia. The research compared the life histories and diet between people buried in two mass graves and the general cemetery. The ÎŽ13C profiles of several children from the mass graves were similar but did not resemble the patterns seen in children from the general cemetery, suggesting that they probably represented a different population group. The rise in ÎŽ15N values towards the end of the life of four individuals from one mass grave suggests they were victims of an historically documented famine
The MAGPI Survey: Drivers of kinematic asymmetries in the ionised gas of star-forming galaxies
Galaxy gas kinematics are sensitive to the physical processes that contribute
to a galaxy's evolution. It is expected that external processes will cause more
significant kinematic disturbances in the outer regions, while internal
processes will cause more disturbances for the inner regions. Using a subsample
of 47 galaxies () from the Middle Ages Galaxy Properties with
Integral Field Spectroscopy (MAGPI) survey, we conduct a study into the source
of kinematic disturbances by measuring the asymmetry present in the ionised gas
line-of-sight velocity maps at the (inner regions) and (outer
regions) elliptical annuli. By comparing the inner and outer kinematic
asymmetries, we aim to better understand what physical processes are driving
the asymmetries in galaxies. We find the local environment plays a role in
kinematic disturbance, in agreement with other integral field spectroscopy
studies of the local universe, with most asymmetric systems being in close
proximity to a more massive neighbour. We do not find evidence suggesting that
hosting an Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) contributes to asymmetry within the
inner regions, with some caveats due to emission line modelling. In contrast to
previous studies, we do not find evidence that processes leading to asymmetry
also enhance star formation in MAGPI galaxies. Finally, we find a weak
anti-correlation between stellar mass and asymmetry (ie. high stellar mass
galaxies are less asymmetric). We conclude by discussing possible sources
driving the asymmetry in the ionised gas, such as disturbances being present in
the colder gas phase (either molecular or atomic) prior to the gas being
ionised, and non-axisymmetric features (e.g., a bar) being present in the
galactic disk. Our results highlight the complex interplay between ionised gas
kinematic disturbances and physical processes involved in galaxy evolution.Comment: e.g., 20 pages, 19 figure
Hydriding of titanium: Recent trends and perspectives in advanced characterization and multiscale modeling
Feasibility and efficacy of minimally invasive stand-alone surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. A single-center experience
Prevalence of self-reported finger deformations and occupational risk factors among professional cooks: a cross-sectional study
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies have pointed out that the school lunch workers in Japan are suffering from work-related disorders including finger deformations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of self-reported finger deformations and the association with job-related risk factors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional questionnaire study of 5,719 subjects (response rate: 81%, 982 men and 4,737 women) was undertaken during September 2003 to February 2004.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Finger deformations were found among 11.7% of the men and 35.6% of the women studied, with significant differences among sex, age and sex-age groups. For both men and women the pattern of finger deformations across the hand was similar for the right and the left hand. For women, the deformations were found in about 10% of the distal interphalangeal joints of all fingers. Based on multiple logistic regression analyses, the factors female sex, age, the number of cooked lunches per cook and cooking activities were independently associated with the prevalence of finger deformations. High prevalence odds ratios were found for those frequently carrying or using tools by hands such as delivering containers, distributing meals, preparing dishes, washing equipment, cutting and stirring foods.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Among the school lunch workers studied, women had a higher prevalence of finger deformations on all joints of both hands. Various cooking tasks were associated with the prevalence of finger deformations. The results suggest that improvements in working conditions are important for preventing work-related disorders such as finger deformations.</p
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