Brain germinoma presenting as a first psychotic episode in an adolescent male

International audienc

What Role for Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Managing Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review

Background: Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIAs) are an efficacious and well-tolerated treatment in adults with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD). However, there is less evidence for their use in children and adolescents. Objectives: The aim of this systematic review was to summarize findings regarding the effectiveness and side effects of LAIA in children and adolescents with SSD. Methods: Four databases (Web of Science, PubMed, MEDES, and Dialnet) were systematically searched for articles published between inception and 12 March, 2022, with the following inclusion criteria: (1) original articles or case reports; (2) providing data on efficacy/effectiveness or safety/tolerability of LAIA treatment in children and adolescents diagnosed with SSD (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, non-affective psychotic disorder); (3) mean age of samples ≤ 18 years; and (4) written in English or Spanish. Exclusion criteria were review articles, clinical guides, expert consensus as well as posters or oral communication in conferences. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBIS tool. Results: From 847 articles found, 13 met the inclusion criteria. These included seven single case reports or case series, four retrospective chart reviews, a 24-week open-label trial, and one observational prospective study, covering a total of 119 adolescents (aged 12-17 years) with SSD. Almost all the articles described data on second-generation LAIA (53 patients on risperidone [once every other week], 33 on paliperidone palmitate [once monthly], 10 on aripiprazole [once monthly], and two on olanzapine pamoate [once monthly]). Twenty-one patients were reported to be only on first-generation LAIAs. Non-adherence was the main reason for starting an LAIA. In all of the studies, the use of LAIAs was associated with improvement in the patients' symptoms. Conclusions: There are few studies assessing the use of LAIAs in adolescents with SSD. Overall, these treatments have suggested good effectiveness and acceptable safety and tolerability. However, we found no studies examining their use in children aged < 12 years. The problems and benefits linked to this type of antipsychotic formulation in the child and adolescent population require further study, ideally with prospective, controlled designs

Psychiatric Symptoms due to Thyroid Disease in a Female Adolescent

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis is involved in the production of thyroid hormone which is needed to maintain the normal functioning of various organs and systems, including the central nervous system. This study reports a case of hypothyroidism in a fifteen-year-old female adolescent who was attended for psychiatric symptoms. This case reveals the importance of evaluating thyroid function in children and adolescents with neuropsychiatric symptoms

Water-soluble vitamin insufficiency, deficiency and supplementation in children and adolescents with a psychiatric disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Nutrition is fundamental for brain development, but relatively little is known about water-soluble vitamin (WSV) levels and the effect of supplementation on psychiatry symptoms in children and adolescents (CAD) with psychiatric disorders. Our team systematically reviewed all studies concerning WSV abnormalities or supplementation in CAD with any psychiatric disorder. We searched for original studies published between 1990 and 15/05/2020 which were not based on retrospective chart review and which included WSV blood level measurements or investigated the effect of WSV supplementation on psychiatric symptoms in psychiatric patients aged 18 or under. Forty-two articles were included, 69% of which (N = 29) examined Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), with most of these assessing folate or vitamin B12 supplementation (N = 22, 75.9% of ASD studies). Meta-analyses showed significantly lower vitamin B12 levels in ASD and ADHD patients vs. healthy controls (HC), while folate levels were higher in ADHD patients vs. HC. Most of the studies (9/10, 90%) showed a decrease in symptoms as measured by clinical scales after supplementation. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies, however many found different types of vitamin abnormalities in CAD with psychiatric disorders

Glucosa oral y leche materna como estrategia para reducción del dolor durante el procedimiento de punción del talón en recién nacidos

Introduction: This paper presents the results of a study on pain reduction in newborns that undergo painful medical procedures. This research analyzed the reactions of babies before and after the heel lance procedure, a diagnostic test performed to detect phenylketonuria. This test involved the extraction of a capillary blood sample with a heel lance, a medical procedure that is painful for neonates. Objective: The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 24% oral glucose solution and breastfeeding during heal lance. Method: An experimental study was thus conducted on a sample of 93 newborns in the San Cecilio University Hospital in Granada in 2010. The babies in the sample were divided into three groups, depending on what they ingested during the heal lance. Results: The results obtained showed that there was an association between the difference in HR and the time before the newborn’s HR returned to normal after the heel lance (r = 0.562; p = 0.000). Moreover, a positive relation was found between the absolute difference in HR and the difference in oxygen saturation (OS) (r = 0.538; p = 0.000). Conclusion: The OS was found to be greater in the group of newborns that received breast milk.Introducción: Para la detección de la fenilcetonuria, se realiza la prueba diagnóstica que consiste en la extracción de una muestra de sangre capilar, mediante la punción del talón al recién nacido. Este proceder es muy doloroso para el neonato. Objetivo: Valorar la efectividad de la administración de glucosa oral al 24 % y lactancia materna durante la punción del talón en el recién nacido. Método: Se realizó un estudio experimental en una muestra de 93 recién nacidos del Hospital Clínico “San Cecilio” de Granada durante el año 2010. La muestra se distribuyó en tres grupos en función del tipo de ingesta administrada en la realización de la prueba del talón. Resultados: El estudio pone de manifiesto que existe asociación en la diferencia de la FC con el tiempo transcurrido hasta alcanzar la normalidad después de la punción (r = 0,562; p = 0,000). También se halló una relación positiva entre la diferencia absoluta en la FC y la diferencia en la Saturación de Oxígeno (SO) (r = 0,538; p = 0,000). Conclusión: La SO es mayor en el grupo de lactancia materna que en el resto; así como en el de glucosa oral 24% que en el de control

Key Ideas on the Singularity of the Town “La Linea de la Concepcion” in the light of International Law and European Law - Preliminary Report

Informe previo– Claves sobre la singularidad de la Línea de la Concepción a la luz del derecho internacional y del derecho europe

Five-year diagnostic stability among adolescents in an inpatient psychiatric unit

Introduction: In childhood, diagnoses made at the first admission to a psychiatric unit are frequently unstable and temporary. In this study, we examined the stability of DSM-IV-TR disorders and groups of disorders among adolescents followed-up for 5 years after hospitalization. Method: All inpatients admitted for the first time between 2007 and 2008 were included and contacted after 5 years for re-evaluation. The final sample comprised 72 patients. At admission, diagnoses were based on the DSM-IV-TR criteria, Fourth Edition. At five years, diagnoses were made using structured clinical interviews for DSM-IV axis I Disorders and for axis II (SCID-I and SCID-II) as well as the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire, Fourth Edition (PDQ-4). We also evaluated and collected information on the global assessment of functioning using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) instrument. Depending on the distribution of variables, we used the chi-squared and Fisher exact tests or the Student t and McNemar tests for statistical analyses. Results: The most stable diagnoses were schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, and pervasive developmental disorder. The most unstable diagnoses were disruptive disorders. Participants were satisfied with their quality of life and the global outcomes of the sample were positive. Conclusion: Major psychiatric disorders, including mood and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, were significantly more stable than other diagnoses and tended to continue into adulthood. In the case of study participants, suffering a mental disorder during adolescence did not appear to affect global functioning outcomes

Fibromyalgia has a larger impact on physical health than on psychological health, yet both are markedly affected: The al-Ándalus project

We acknowledge Elsevier and the Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism for publishing our scientific article: Segura-Jiménez, V., Álvarez-Gallardo, I. C., Carbonell-Baeza, A., Aparicio, V. A., Ortega, F. B., Casimiro, A. J., & Delgado-Fernández, M. (2015). Fibromyalgia has a larger impact on physical health than on psychological health, yet both are markedly affected: The al-Ándalus project. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 44(5), 563-570. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SEMARTHRIT.2014.09.010Objectives: To characterize a representative sample of fibromyalgia women based on a set of relevant factors known to be related to this disease. To distinguish specific factors of the disease from other symptoms that might also exist in non-fibromyalgia women. To test whether fibromyalgia affects more severely physical or psychological outcomes. Methods: A total of 459 fibromyalgia women vs. 214 non-fibromyalgia (control) women from southern Spain (Andalusia) took part in this cross-sectional study. Several instruments were used to assess tenderness, impact of fibromyalgia, fatigue, health-related quality of life, mental health and cognitive performance. Results: Overall, fibromyalgia women showed a worse status in pain, fatigue, health-related quality of life, depression and anxiety than controls (P<0.01). In general, the observed associations presented very large effect sizes (Cohen’s d from ~1 to ~5.5). No differences between fibromyalgia and controls were observed in cognitive and memory performance, except for delayed recall, but the observed effect size was low (~0.25). The effect size observed for the global physical component (~3.3) was larger than that for the global psychological component (~1.3), all P<0.001. Conclusions: Our results reinforce the understanding of fibromyalgia as a polysymptomatic distress condition with pain as its main symptom. Our findings support that fibromyalgia seems to have a greater impact on physical than on psychological outcomes, though both are largely affected

Reliability and feasibility of physical fitness tests in female fibromyalgia patient

We acknowledge Thieme Gruppe and the International Journal of Sports Medicine for publishing our scientific article: https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0034-1390497The aim of the present study was to determine the reliability and feasibility of physical fitness tests in female fibromyalgia patients. 100 female fibromyalgia patients (aged 50.6±8.6 years) performed the following tests twice (7 days interval test-retest): chair sit and reach, back scratch, handgrip strength, arm curl, chair stand, 8 feet up and go, and 6-min walk. Significant differences between test and retest were found in the arm curl (mean difference: 1.25±2.16 repetitions, Cohen d=0.251), chair stand (0.99±1.7 repetitions, Cohen d=0.254) and 8 feet up and go (-0.38±1.09-s, Cohen d=0.111) tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) range from 0.92 in the arm curl test to 0.96 in the back scratch test. The feasibility of the tests (patients able to complete the test) ranged from 89% in the arm curl test to 100% in the handgrip strength test. Therefore, the reliability and feasibility of the physical fitness tests examined is acceptable for female fibromyalgia patients