Metallaaromaticity - a protean world

The nature of magnetically induced current densities (MICD) of metallabenzenes and related compounds has been examined with relativistic DFT calculations to assess the magnetic aromaticity of the molecules. The origin of the total MICD has been analyzed in terms of individual molecular orbital (MO) contributions. Our study reveals that the s-framework of the molecules always makes a diamagnetic contribution to the MICD. On the other hand, p-MOs and Craig–Möbius type p-MOs, i.e., MOs in which the dxy/dxz orbitals of the metal centers change the phase of the wave function akin to a Möbius twist, may not make a diatropic contribution. We have identified metallabenzenes with multiple magnetic aromaticities. In the case of iridabenzenes, s-MICD has been found to decrease dramatically from Ir(III) to Ir(V) systems. Furthermore, a brief examination of some recently synthesized metallapolycycles has shown that the metal center in a given ring can strongly modulate the aromaticity of neighboring rings. Finally, the finding that relatively minor perturbations in the ligand environment of the metal can substantially influence the aromaticity of metallabenzenes and related molecules underscores the protean character of metallaaromaticity and the need for even wider-ranging investigations. Considering the conflicts between magnetic response and ground-state aromaticity criteria (energetic, structural, and electronic criteria), we propose that the term aromatic be used for labeling a molecule if and only if all criteria confirm aromaticity. In other words, neither magnetic nor ground-state criteria are necessary and sufficient conditions for labeling a molecule aromatic

Resilience, attachment to God, and hope in mothers of children with a specific learning disability

Objectives: The aim of the current research was to study the relationship between resilience, personal attachment to God, and the level of hope in mothers of children with a specific learning disability (SLD). Methods: The study sample consisted of 131 mothers of children with a diagnosed SLD in the city of Tabriz, Iran, in 2018. The Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Attachment to God Inventory developed by Rowatt and Kirkpatrick, and Snyder\u27s Adult Hope Scale were administered to the participants. Results: The results showed a significant positive correlation between hope and both resilience and a secure attachment style to God, as well as a significant negative correlation between hope and avoidant and anxious attachment to God. Conclusion: Concurrent regression analysis revealed that among the variables related to resilience and secure, anxious, and avoidant attachment, only resilience predicted hope. Resilience training for this group of parents as well as additional research designed to yield evidence-based practices related to the attachment to God variable in the area of special educational needs appears to potentially be of substantial value

Effect of Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina egg antigens on induction of eosinophilia in animal model

زمینه و هدف: توکسوکاراها و توکساسکاریس انگل روده سگ و گربه می باشند که لارو آن ها باعث ایجاد ائوزینوفیلی در انسان می شود. در این تحقیق به صورت اختصاری تأثیر آنتی ژن های تخم برخی از این انگل ها بر ایجاد ائوزینوفیلی بررسی شده است. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی تعداد 54 سر موش سوری در شش گروه قرار گرفتند. به گروه های مورد، آنتی ژن تخم توکسوکارا کانیس یا توکساسکاریس لئونینا بدون ادجونت از راه داخل صفاقی و یا همراه با ادجوانت فروندز از راه زیر جلدی تزریق شد. گروه های شاهد هیچ تزریقی دریافت نکردند. هر تزریق سه بار با فاصله زمانی دو هفته تکرار و بعد از هر تزریق، شمارش گلبول های سفید از نمونه های خونی انجام شد. یافته ها: اختلافی بین میانگین گلبول های سفید شامل لنفوسیت ها، ائوزینوفیل ها، نوتروفیل ها، مونوسیت ها و بازوفیل ها در گروه های مورد در مقایسه با گروه های شاهد مشاهده نگردید. نتیجه گیری: بر خلاف لاروها، آنتی ژن های انگل های مورد مطالعه باعث ائوزینوفیلی در موش ها نشدند؛ با این حال تحقیقات بیشتری در این خصوص توصیه می گردد

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

The effectiveness of “the philosophy for children program” on the spiritual intelligence of the students

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of “teaching philosophy for children program” on the spiritual intelligence of the female students. Materials and Methods: The methodology of this study is a semi-experimental study with a pretest, posttest, control, and experiment groups. Subjects were 50 guided school students from Mehrban city (East Azerbaijan in Iran), of which 25 students formed the experimental group to receive philosophy for children program and 25 students who received the traditional program. Subjects were selected by available sampling method. The measure was the spiritual intelligence questionnaire (King, 2008) Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been used to obtain reliability, which equals 0.89. Result: ANCOVA was used to analyze the data. The results revealed that training philosophy for children program enhanced the spiritual intelligence on experimental group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the philosophy for children program can be used as a method of raising spiritual thinking

Comparison the salivary streptococcus mutans levels between caries-active and caries-free children from Birjand, Iran: A case-control study

Objective: Dental plaque bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans (SM), play a role in the pathogenesis of the dental caries. There are conflicting results regarding the association of salivary SM level and dental caries susceptibility. Our aim was to compare salivary SM levels in colony-forming units (CFU) between children with active caries and caries-free children in Birjand, Iran. Methods: This case-control study included 61 six-year-old children referred to health centers in Birjand city, Iran, in 2022. The children were divided into two groups: case (dmft/DMFT>0 with active caries) (including 31 children) and control (dmft/DMFT = 0 [caries-free]) (including 30 children). Demographic information and dental history were recorded. Oral examinations were also performed by the dentist. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from children. The number of salivary SM colonies was determined using the microbial culture and confirmed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data were analyzed using Chi-square and T-tests at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The mean number of SM colonies was 126.24 ± 92.78 CFU/ml and 92.38 ± 75.34 CFU/ml in case and control groups, respectively. No significant difference was found in salivary SM levels between case and control groups (P = 0.125). No significant association was observed between caries experience with gender (P = 0.363), type of school (public/private) (P = 0.296), receiving oral health education (P = 0.072) and frequency of tooth brushing (P = 0.935). The mean gingival index (P = 0.001) and plaque index (P = 0.025) in case group were significantly higher than control group. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in salivary SM levels between caries-active and caries-free children in Birjandi children

A study of the Effect of Adding the Water of the Anise Seeds Pimpinella Anisuml to the Drinking Water on the Characteristics of the Body Weight and Some Carcass Characteristics of the Birds of Quail at the Age of Four and Six Weeks.

This experiment has been conducted in agricultural research and experiences of the college of Agriculture / University of Al-Muthanna station for the period 07/22/2014 - 11/22/2015 in order to study the effect of adding the aquase dressing of anise seed to the drinking water on the body weight dressing percentages , relative weight of carcass cuts (Breast, thigh, hack ,wing and neck) in which 3males and 3females have been slaughter in all treatment . A total of 256 of one day old quails chicks were randomly allocated into four treatment groups . The Results show that the addition of aqueous extract of anise seeds with a significant effect (P <0.05) in vivo weight and carcass weight and percentages for weights Qtaiat carcass (chest, thighs, back, wings, neck) at the age of (6.4 weeks) . The results also show that gender has a significant effect on the studied traits.

Spinristor: A Swiss Army Knife of Molecular Electronics

Here, we propose and provide in silico proof of concept of a spinristor; a new molecular electronic component that combines a spin-filter, a rectifier, and a switch, in a single molecule for in-memory processing. It builds on the idea of an open-shell transition metal ion enclosed within an elliptical fullerene connected to the source, drain, and a pair of gate electrodes. The spin- and electronic polarization due to the enclosed metal leads to differential rectification of the electrons at low voltages applied between the source-drain electrodes, VSD. The position of the encapsulated ion can be switched by a combination of a high VSD and a voltage applied between gate electrodes, VG, to switch the direction of the rectification and spin-filtering ratio. The system can thus be used as a switching rectifier and spin-filter, a spinristor. To the best of our knowledge, such a system has no macroscopic counterpart in electronics

The Effect of Intermittent Feeding on Metabolic Signs of Chronic Stress in Male NMRI Mice

Background and Objectives: Reduction of calorie (energy) intake can lead to stress management and improvement of nervous system function. In this research, the effect of intermittent feeding on metabolic signs of stress was investigated. Methods: Male laboratory mice with mean weight of 27&plusmn;3g were divided into 4 groups of 7 each. The control group received ad-lib food and water and did not have stress. The second group (experimental) was deprived from food 2 hours per day for one week, and then went under stress for 4 days. The third group was only deprived from food 2 hours per day for a week, and the fourth group received electric shock for 4 days without food deprivation. In this investigation, plasma corticosterone level, the amount of food consumption, delay in eating, weight gain, and the amount of feces, were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test. The significance level was considered p<0.5. Results: In this study, stress increased the plasma level of corticosterone and fecal materials, and reduced food intake and weight of the animals and increased delay in eating. In the stress with intermittent feeding group, plasma level of corticosterone and delay in eating increased, and food intake and feces decreased. In this group, weight change was not observed, but in animals that only had intermittent feeding, increase in weight and food intake was observed. Also, delay in eating was decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that intermittent feeding can influence the effect of stress on nutrition and metabolism