Reaction mechanisms in the 6Li+59Co system

The reactions induced by the weakly bound 6Li projectile interacting with the intermediate mass target 59Co were investigated. Light charged particles singles and $\alpha$-$d$ coincidence measurements were performed at the near barrier energies E_lab = 17.4, 21.5, 25.5 and 29.6 MeV. The main contributions of the different competing mechanisms are discussed. A statistical model analysis, Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels calculations and two-body kinematics were used as tools to provide information to disentangle the main components of these mechanisms. A significant contribution of the direct breakup was observed through the difference between the experimental sequential breakup cross section and the CDCC prediction for the non-capture breakup cross section.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figure

Gendering the Politics of Alienation: Arab Revolution and Women’s Sentiments of Loss and Despair

The article suggests that from the start of the revolutions in the Arab region in late 2010 a connection between the law, state, political economy, gender norms and orientalist ideology has formed the foundation of women’s systematic exclusion from politics. As a consequence, women’s alienation from politics – a necessity for the restoration of old regimes of power – took on various forms, including: externalising, exceptionalising, and celebrating women’s revolutionary acts and contributions to revolutions. This article examines these processes that created the ideological and material conditions of women’s alienation, estranging their political involvement and exposing them to various forms of violence The article suggests that alienation of women from revolutions relied on gender normative ideology to create women’s supposedly unique and distinct interests; according to this ideology, women attempt to satisfy such interests through dancing, nikah al-jihad or the desire to be sexually harassed. Women’s power and needs were moulded as distinctly different from those of men. Hence, forms of alienation diminished women’s roles as initiators, producers of revolutions, rendering women apart. This article shows that, whilst forms of alienation differed in various political phases and often contradicted each other, the intent of each form of alienation was to show a defect, a mistake in women’s acts, and thus establish the supposedly ‘correct’ characteristics of women protesters based on women’s intrinsic nature. Through this, gender normativity was reproduced to serve the political class(s)’s specific interests, 2 determining the linkages between the alienation of women from politics, the alienation of the revolution from its people, and the entire sphere of politics. The sphere of politics not only relates to political activism and conflict between revolutions and counterrevolutions, it is also a battlefield for the (re)production of knowledge

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The Onset of NIDDM and its Relationship to Clinical Diagnosis in Egyptian Adults

The onset of diabetes relative to clinical diagnosis was estimated in Egyptians with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) based on the relationship between retinopathy and duration of diabetes. Between July 1992 and October 1993 the Diabetes in Egypt (DIE) Project performed a cross‐sectional, population‐based survey with clinical and laboratory follow‐up to describe the prevalence of microvascular, neuropathic, and macrovascular complications among Egyptians ⩾ 20 years of age with diagnosed diabetes, previously undiagnosed diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and normal glucose tolerance. The sample of persons with diabetes diagnosed prior to the survey had medical examinations which included a dilated eye examination and retinal photographs. Generalized linear models were used to relate the probability of retinopathy to duration of diabetes. Among 218 persons with diabetes diagnosed prior to the DIE project, 87 (40 %) had diabetic retinopathy. The onset of retinopathy was estimated to occur 2.6 years (p = 0.04) prior to clinical diagnosis. The estimated annual incidence of retinopathy was 5 % and the estimated prevalence at the time of clinical diagnosis of diabetes was 12 %. On the basis of reports that retinopathy does not occur until approximately 5 years after the development of diabetes, the onset of NIDDM was estimated to occur 7.6 years prior to its clinical diagnosis. This estimate of the onset of NIDDM in Egyptians is comparable to other estimates reported for US and Australian populations.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116375/1/71_ftp.pd