Public Library Services and the Information Needs of Women in Northern Nigeria.

Nigeria was a British colony that became independent in 1960. It is the most populous state in Africa. Northern Nigeria comprises of 62% of Nigeria’s land mass and 53.7% of the national population. Majority of the people in northern Nigeria are Muslims and the culture of these people reflects largely Islamic influences. Western-style education was introduced into the southern part of Nigeria by Christian missionaries in the mid 1800th. On the other hand, it took the Europeans another 64 years to establish the first primary school in the north in 1907. European form of education was initially rejected by the people of the north regarding it as a threat to their culture and religion. For many years people were not willing to send their children (especially girls) to those schools. Early marriage was popularly supported by most families and large percentages of girls were rarely allowed to attend formal western schools or go beyond primary school education. As such, greater percentage of the population but most especially the female population in Northern Nigeria could not read. Public Libraries in northern Nigeria were also rejected as alien by the community because they were stocked by the British with documents written in the English Language. Very few people could read at that time and the few that could, only read documents written in Arabic. After independence, the aspiration to develop and the desire for education encouraged political leaders of Northern Nigeria to build more schools in towns and villages and girls were encouraged to attend. Within thirty years after independence, the numbers of pupils (especially females) in all educational institutions have increased tremendously in the region. The increase in literacy among the population increased the level of library utilisation and this encouraged the governments of northern Nigeria to increase their support for libraries

Career guidance in Egypt : releasing potential, opening up opportunities

Countries the world over have increasingly come to realise that their future prosperity lies in their ability to develop the potential of their people. In the Arab states, this challenge is particularly important since the great majority of the population is young. This is a major advantage in a situation where the world’s most advanced economies are ageing societies. However, this advantage can only be exploited if the knowledge and skills base of the youthful generation is developed, and if the latent talents of the new generation are identified, awakened, and released. And yet, in Egypt, as in most Arab societies, education and training systems often provide hostile environments for the blossoming of human potential. Despite significant reform efforts, young people quickly get caught in education and training tracks that are not compatible with their abilities, inclinations or aspirations. Destinations are determined not by choice, but by examination results and parental diktat. Educational and training institutions are chosen because of proximity to home, not because they fit in an overall career plan. Pathways through education and training remain inflexible, with students encountering great difficulties in shifting from one curricular diet to another, more suitable and digestible one. As a result, many end up in courses that they have not chosen, and looking for jobs that they may not really want or be suitable for—or that even exist in the prevailing structure of employment opportunities offered by the labour market. Thousands find little in education or training that inspires or motivates them to outdo themselves, and to aspire to achieve. Thousands more embark on higher education routes which lead nowhere in employment terms, creating frustrations for individuals and the economy alike. Supply fails to match demand, creating skills shortages in sunrise labour market sectors, and bottlenecks in sunset ones.peer-reviewe

Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Motivasi Intrinsik, dan Motivasi Ekstrinsik terhadap Prestasi Kerja Karyawan pada PT. Bringin Srikandi Finance

From The Research Findings Showed That 1) Organizational Culture Has A Positive And Significant Impact On Employee Performance. 2) Intrinsic Motivation Has A Positive And Significant Effect On Employee Performance. 3) Extrinsic Motivation Has A Positive And Significant Effect On Employee Performance. 4) The Result Of Coefficient Of Determination Of Employee Work Performance After Influenced By Organizational Culture Variable, Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation Is 90,9%, And The Rest 9,1% Determined Other Unchecked Factors Such As Organizational Climate, Job Satisfaction, And Communication From Leader -Subordinate. The Conclusion Of The Research Shows That Organizational Culture Variables, Intrinsic Motivation, Extrinsic Motivation Partially Have Significant Effect On Employee Performance At Pt Bringin Srikandi Finance. From The Results Of The Study Note That Extrinsic Motivation Variable Has A Very Strong And Significant Influence On Employee Performance At Pt Bringin Srikandi Finance With Beta Coefficient Acquisition Of 0,51

A Comprehensive Study of Egyptian Arabic v. 1

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94560/1/39015087418557.pd

The eICU Collaborative Research Database, a freely available multi-center database for critical care research

Critical care patients are monitored closely through the course of their illness. As a result of this monitoring, large amounts of data are routinely collected for these patients. Philips Healthcare has developed a telehealth system, the eICU Program, which leverages these data to support management of critically ill patients. Here we describe the eICU Collaborative Research Database, a multi-center intensive care unit (ICU)database with high granularity data for over 200,000 admissions to ICUs monitored by eICU Programs across the United States. The database is deidentified, and includes vital sign measurements, care plan documentation, severity of illness measures, diagnosis information, treatment information, and more. Data are publicly available after registration, including completion of a training course in research with human subjects and signing of a data use agreement mandating responsible handling of the data and adhering to the principle of collaborative research. The freely available nature of the data will support a number of applications including the development of machine learning algorithms, decision support tools, and clinical research

Common data elements to standardize genomics studies in cerebral palsy

Aim To define clinical common data elements (CDEs) and a mandatory minimum data set (MDS) for genomic studies of cerebral palsy (CP). Method Candidate data elements were collated following a review of the literature and existing CDEs. An online, three-round Delphi survey was used to rate each data element as either ‘core’, ‘recommended’, ‘exploratory’, or ‘not required’. Members of the International Cerebral Palsy Genomics Consortium (ICPGC) rated the core CDEs as either mandatory or not, to form the MDS. For both the CDEs and the MDS, a data element was considered to have reached consensus if more than 75% of respondents agreed. Results Forty-six individuals from around the world formed the Delphi panel: consumers (n=2), scientists/researchers (n=17), medical (n=19), and allied health professionals (n=8). The CDEs include 107 data elements across six categories: demographics, diagnostics, family history, antenatal and neonatal details, clinical traits, and CP-specific assessments. Of these, 10 are mandatory, 42 core, 41 recommended, and 14 are exploratory. Interpretation The ICPGC CDEs provide a foundation for the standardization of phenotype data captured in CP genomic studies and will benefit international collaborations and pooling of data, particularly in rare conditions

People with cerebral palsy and their family’s preferences about genomics research

Introduction: The goal of this study was to understand individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and their family’s attitudes and preferences to genomic research, including international data sharing and biobanking. Methods: Individuals with CP and their family members were invited to participate in the web-based survey via email (NSW/ACT CP Register) or via posts on social media by Cerebral Palsy Alliance, CP Research Network, and CP Now. Survey responses included yes/no/unsure, multiple choices, and Likert scales. Fisher’s exact and χ2 tests were used to assess if there were significant differences between subgroups. Results: Individuals with CP and their families (n = 145) were willing to participate in genomics research (68%), data sharing (82%), and biobanking efforts (75%). This willingness to participate was associated with completion of tertiary education, previous genetic testing experience, overall higher genomic awareness, and trust in international researchers. The survey respondents also expressed ongoing communication and diverse information needs regarding the use of their samples and data. Major concerns were associated with privacy and data security. Discussion: The success of genomic research and international data sharing efforts in CP are contingent upon broad support and recruitment. Ongoing consultation and engagement of individuals with CP and their families will facilitate trust and promote increased awareness of genomics in CP that may in turn maximize participant uptake and recruitment

Supporting ultra poor people with rehabilitation and therapy among families of children with cerebral palsy in rural Bangladesh (SUPPORT CP) : Protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Introduction Poverty is a key contributor to delayed diagnosis and limited access to early intervention and rehabilitation for children with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Bangladesh. 97% of families of children with CP live below the poverty line in Bangladesh. Therefore, in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), efforts to improve outcomes for children with CP (including health-related quality of life, motor function, communication, and nutritional attainments) should also include measures to improve family economic and social capital. We propose a randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated microfinance/livelihood and community-based rehabilitation (IMCBR) program for ultra-poor families of children with CP in rural Bangladesh. Material and methods This will be a cluster RCT comparing three arms: (a) integrated microfinance/livelihood and community-based rehabilitation (IMCBR); (b) community-based rehabilitation (CBR) alone; and (c) care-as-usual (i.e. no intervention). Seven clusters will be recruited within each arm. Each cluster will consist of 10 child-caregiver dyads totalling 21 clusters with 210 dyads. Parents recruited in the IMCBR arm will take part in a microfinance/livelihood program and Parent Training Module (PTM), their children with CP will take part in a Goal Directed Training (GDT) program. The programs will be facilitated by specially trained Community Rehabilitation Officers. The CBR arm includes the same PTM and GDT interventions excluding the microfinance/livelihood program. The care-as-usual arm will be provided with information about early intervention and rehabilitation. The assessors will be blinded to group allocation. The duration of the intervention will be 12 months; outcomes will be measured at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. Conclusion This will be the first RCT of an integrated microfinance/livelihood and CBR program for children with CP in LMIC settings. Evidence from the study could transform approaches to improving wellbeing of children with CP and their ultra-poor families

Probiotics for preventing and treating infant regurgitation : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Infant regurgitation is common during infancy and can cause substantial parental distress. Regurgitation can lead to parental perception that their infant is in pain. Parents often present in general practitioner surgeries, community baby clinics and accident and emergency departments which can lead to financial burden on parents and the health care system. Probiotics are increasingly reported to have therapeutic effects for preventing and treating infant regurgitation. The objective of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of probiotic supplementation for the prevention and treatment of infant regurgitation. Literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled trials. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. A meta‐analysis was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology where possible. Six RCTs examined the prevention or treatment with probiotics on infant regurgitation. A meta‐analysis of three studies showed a statistically significant reduction in regurgitation episodes for the probiotic group compared to the placebo group (mean difference [MD]: −1.79 episodes/day: 95% confidence interval [CI]: −3.30 to −0.27, N = 560), but there was high heterogeneity (96%). Meta‐analysis of two studies found a statistically significant increased number of stools per day in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group at 1 month of age (MD: 1.36, 95% CI: 0.99 to 1.73, N = 488), with moderate heterogeneity (69%). Meta‐analysis of two studies showed no statistical difference in body weight between the two groups (MD: −91.88 g, 95% CI: 258.40–74.63: I2 = 23%, N = 112) with minimal heterogeneity 23%. Probiotic therapy appears promising for infant regurgitation with some evidence of benefit, but most studies are small and there was relatively high heterogeneity. The use of probiotics could potentially be a noninvasive, safe, cost effective, and preventative positive health strategy for both women and their babies. Further robust, well controlled RCTs examining the effect of probiotics for infant regurgitation are warranted