49 research outputs found

    Federalizing Benefits: the Introduction of Supplemental Security Income and the Size of the Safety Net

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    In 1974, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) federalized cash welfare programs for the elderly, blind, and individuals with disabilities, imposing a national minimum benefit, and differentially raising payment levels in states that paid below its benefit floor. We show that this increased disability participation, but shrank non-disability cash transfer programs. For every four new SSI recipients, three came from other welfare programs. Each dollar of per capita SSI income increased total per capita transfer income by just over 50 cents. Federalizing part of a patchwork safety net need not increase redistribution by as much as traditional models of fiscal federalism suggest

    Crafting an Event, an Event on Craft. Working Together to Represent Migration Experiences

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    We are concerned. We are three early-career researchers in the feld of international migration and we are concerned. This concern arises from our respective feldwork. On the one hand, we witness a politics which toughens eligibility to asylum and makes the access to reside in a foreign country precarious. On the other hand, we are witnesses of an ever more polarised discourse induced by an emergency-like and securitised management of migration fows. European policies aiming at controlling migration routes favour exclusion (erections of walls, multiplication of hotspots’ logics) and death (in the last 25 years, IOM estimates account for 40,000 humans who died or disappeared on migration routes, with 6000 in 2016 only). These migration policies are the result of a selective amnesia: only certain striking fgures, facts and images participate in their production. Secondly, our concern grows while we witness a lack of circulation between scientifc knowledge and measures adopted at a political level: our researches’ results are too often confned to the scientifc sphere.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Mapping the Migratory Movements

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    Based on several conventional geography works and/or artistic works – some of them made by the authors of this paper –, this article focuses on how the mapping of international migrations has evolved since the beginning of the 1990s. The representation of migratory movements, which oscillates between arrows, measurements of stocks and different forms of design, implies both scientific and political stakes for the cartography and geography of migrations. After making a brief recalling of the changes that the mapping of migratory flows has experienced from its origins in the 19th century until today, the authors refer to the main technical and epistemological challenges that cartography of migratory movements and the presentations of itineraries raise nowadays. Finally the article analyses the new cartographic forms that have emerged since the beginning of the 2000s within the interconnected domains of sciences, arts, and militancy.À partir de diverses rĂ©alisations conventionnelles en gĂ©ographie et/ou artistiques, parmi lesquels des travaux rĂ©alisĂ©s par les auteurs, cet article s’intĂ©resse Ă  la maniĂšre dont la cartographie des migrations internationales a Ă©voluĂ© depuis le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1990. La reprĂ©sentation des mouvements migratoires, qui oscille entre des flĂšches, des mesures de stocks et diverses formes de dessin, soulĂšve autant d’enjeux scientifiques et politiques posĂ©s Ă  la cartographie et gĂ©ographie des migrations. AprĂšs un bref rappel des changements qu’a connus la cartographie des flux migratoires, depuis ses origines, au XIXe siĂšcle, jusqu’à aujourd’hui, les auteurs Ă©voquent les principaux dĂ©fis techniques et Ă©pistĂ©mologiques que les cartes de flux ou reprĂ©sentant des itinĂ©raires ne cessent de poser. Puis pour terminer, sont prĂ©sentĂ©es de nouvelles formes cartographiques, ayant Ă©mergĂ© depuis le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 2000, dans les domaines croisĂ©s de la science, de l’art et du militantisme.Partiendo de diversos trabajos convencionales de geografĂ­a y/o artĂ­sticos – algunos de ellos realizados por los propios autores –, este artĂ­culo pretende mostrar cĂłmo la cartografĂ­a de las migraciones internacionales ha ido evolucionando desde principios de los años 1990. La representaciĂłn de los movimientos migratorios, que abarca desde flechas, hasta medidas de reserva y diferentes formas de diseño, supone para la cartografĂ­a y la geografĂ­a de las migraciones toda una serie de retos, tanto cientĂ­ficos como polĂ­ticos. Tras hacer un repaso de los cambios que ha ido experimentando la cartografĂ­a de los flujos migratorios desde sus orĂ­genes en el siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, los autores presentan los principales retos tĂ©cnicos y epistemolĂłgicos que los mapas de flujos y las representaciones de itinerarios continĂșan planteando en el momento actual. Por Ășltimo, se presentan nuevas formas cartogrĂĄficas surgidas a partir del 2000 que se inscriben en ĂĄmbitos interconectados como la ciencia, el arte y el activismo

    JWST/NIRSpec Measurements of Extremely Low Metallicities in High Equivalent Width Lyman-α\alpha Emitters

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    Deep VLT/MUSE optical integral field spectroscopy has recently revealed an abundant population of ultra-faint galaxies (MUV=−M_{UV} = -15; 0.01 L⋆L_{\star}) at z=z=2.9−-6.7 due to their strong Lyman-α\alpha emission. The implied Lyman-α\alpha equivalent widths are in excess of 100-200 Angstrom, challenging existing models of normal star formation and implying extremely young ages, small stellar masses, and a very low amount of metal enrichment. We use JWST/NIRSpec's microshutter array to follow-up 45 of these galaxies (11h in G235M/F170LP and 7h in G395M/F290LP), as well as 45 lower-equivalent width Lyman-α\alpha emitters. Our spectroscopy covers the range 1.7−-5.1 micron in order to target strong optical emission lines: Hα\alpha, [OIII], HÎČ\beta, and [NII]. Individual measurements as well as stacks reveal line ratios consistent with a metal poor nature (2−-30% Z⊙Z_{\odot}) and intense ionizing radiation fields. The galaxies with the highest equivalent widths of Lyman-α\alpha, in excess of 120 Angstrom, have lower gas-phase metallicities than those with lower equivalent widths. This implies a selection based on Lyman-α\alpha equivalent width is an efficient technique for identifying younger, less chemically enriched systems.Comment: 13 pages, 4 appendices; submitted to AAS Journal

    International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways.

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    Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist

    International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways

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    Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

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    IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

    APPEL A COMMUNICATIONS : Journée des doctorant-e-s de MIGRINTER « Ethnographie et migrations internationales » - 21 JUIN 2016

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    JournĂ©e des doctorant-e-s de MIGRINTER « Ethnographie et migrations internationales » Dans le cadre du colloque des 30 ans de Migrinter, les doctorant-e-s du laboratoire invitent doctorant-e-s, Ă©tudiant-e-s en Master et jeunes chercheur-e-s Ă  une rĂ©flexion collective sur l’ethnographie et les migrations internationales. Cette journĂ©e a pour vocation d’offrir un espace d’échanges et d’apprentissages collectifs en prĂ©sence de chercheur-e-s confirmĂ©-e-s. En el marco del coloquio de los 30 años d..

    Centres d’accueil et d’hĂ©bergement pour demandeurs d’asile en Serbie

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    Cette carte localise les cinq centres d’accueil et d’hĂ©bergement existants en Serbie. Elle indique le nom des villages ou des villes et des districts dans lesquels ils sont implantĂ©s, leur date d’ouverture et leur capacitĂ© officielle d’accueil. La frontiĂšre Ă©paisse reprĂ©sente la frontiĂšre commune avec l’Union europĂ©enne. Le tracĂ©, plus fin, matĂ©rialise les frontiĂšres communes avec la Bosnie-HerzĂ©govine, l’Albanie, le MontĂ©nĂ©gro. (NB : ici, le Kosovo n’a pas Ă©tĂ© reprĂ©sentĂ© pour des raisons pratiques de reprĂ©sentation cartographique. Si son indĂ©pendance est reconnue par une partie de la communautĂ© internationale, elle reste encore contestĂ©e par de nombreux pays, et notamment la Serbie). Cette carte a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le cadre d'une thĂšse de doctorat en gĂ©ographie sur les parcours migratoires dans en Serbie et en Bosnie-HerzĂ©govine (laboratoire Migrinter)

    Le temps du départ

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    Ce groupe de jeunes hommes, en provenance de diffĂ©rents pays d’Afrique subsaharienne, quitte le centre d’accueil et d’hĂ©bergement pour demandeurs d’asile de Krnjača pour se rendre Ă  la gare routiĂšre de Belgrade. L’heure est au dĂ©part. Leur intention est de prendre un bus qui s’arrĂȘtera dans un village prĂšs de la frontiĂšre, qu’ils traverseront ensuite Ă  pied. Munis d’un papier prouvant qu’une demande d’asile est en cours en Serbie et ayant le droit de circuler librement hors du centre d’accueil entre 10h et 20h, ils ne craignent pas une Ă©ventuelle arrestation par les autoritĂ©s serbes. Ils redoutent en revanche le passage en Hongrie qui se solde frĂ©quemment par une arrestation par les autoritĂ©s hongroises. Ils connaissent les deux possibilitĂ©s. (1) Une fois sur le territoire, ils demandent l’asile, sont transfĂ©rĂ©s dans un centre d’accueil oĂč seront prises leurs empreinte digitales (ce qui, en vertu du rĂšglement Dublin II, leur rend impossible le dĂ©pĂŽt d’une demande d’asile dans un autre Etat de l’espace Schengen). (2) les policiers ignorent leur demande d’asile et les expulsent vers la Serbie, en toute illĂ©galitĂ©, les propulsant directement dans les diffĂ©rentes « jungles », dont la plus connue est celle de Subotica
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