Die Entwicklung der Massenmedien in Europa. Neue Möglichkeiten, Chancen und Bedingungen in der Verkündigung der Frohen Botschaft

Ich verstehe mich als ein Praktiker, der die Vehikel vorzustellen hat, die in Zukunft der Verkündigung als Medien zur Verfügung stehen. Dankenswerterweise wurde ich in der Einladung darauf aufmerksam gemacht, daß ich dies nur von der technischen und publizistischen Seite her zu besorgen hätte, ohne Berücksichtigung des astoralen Aspekts. Ich werde mich in meinem Referat vornehmlich auf den engeren Begriff der Massenmedien beschränken, also vor allem auf die elektronischen und dann noch auf die Presse. (...) English In his paper for the meeting of communication responsible people at the European Bishops' Conferences in Schönbrunn, Switzerland, (18th-22nd April, 1983), the Director General of the Austrian Broadcasting dealt with the development of mass media in Europe and the possibilities and conditions of such a development for the proclamation of the Church. Society depends on information, but through new technologies the mass media are going to change. These changes are especially to be expected in three areas, in the broadband cable systems, the home electronics like video recorder and video records, and through direct broadcasting satellites. An oversaturation of the recipients however, despite the many programmes,at least for European countries, is not to be expected. Also print media like newspapers, periodicals and books are not going to suffer. The growing mass media however create cthical problems for journalists and producers. The growing possibilities are not matched with growing responsibilities. The extension of communication possibilities however has also new chances for the proclamation. The Church should however openly speak as Church and not as a social movement or relief organisation. People expect from her not questions, but answers.

Influence of atmospheric species on the electrical properties of functionalized graphene sheets

We report on the time-dependent influence of atmospheric species on the electrical properties of functionalized graphene sheets (FGSs). When exposed to laboratory air, FGSs exhibit a significant, irreversible decrease in electrical conductance with time, strongly depending on the oxygen content of the FGSs. To separate the roles of charge carrier density and mobility in this aging process, we performed electron transport measurements using a back-gate field-effect transistor architecture. Investigating the position of the Dirac point under different atmospheres, we found that adsorbed atmospheric species result in pronounced p-doping, which – on a short time scale – can be reversed under nitrogen atmosphere. However, on a time scale of several days, the resistance increases irreversibly, while the Dirac point voltage remains constant. From these experiments, we conclude that the aging of FGSs is related to the chemisorption of atmospheric species leading to enhanced carrier scattering due to an increasing amount of sp(3)- regions and thus to a reduced charge carrier mobility

Quantum Dot/Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Hybrid Device and Mechanism of Its Operation

A new type of light-emitting hybrid device based on colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and an ionic transition metal complex (iTMC) light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is introduced. The developed hybrid devices show light emission from both active layers, which are combined in a stacked geometry. Time-resolved photoluminescence experiments indicate that the emission is controlled by direct charge injection into both the iTMC and the QD layer. The turn-on time (time to reach 1 cd/m(2)) at constant voltage operation is significantly reduced from 8 min in the case of the reference LEC down to subsecond in the case of the hybrid device. Furthermore, luminance and efficiency of the hybrid device are enhanced compared to reference LEC directly after device turn-on by a factor of 400 and 650, respectively. We attribute these improvements to an increased electron injection efficiency into the iTMC directly after device turn-on

Der "Medienpapst". Statements von Gerd Bacher, Hubert Feichtlbauer, Sigmund Gottlieb und Otto B. Roegele

"Communicatio Socialis" hat Medienvertreter um kurze Statements zu den Fragen gebeten, was nach ihrer persönlichen Einschätzung dazu geführt hat, Johannes Paul II. "Medienpapst" zu nennen:was seine Medienausstrahlung begründete,zu welchen Wirkungen, Folgen, Veränderungen seine starke und permanente Medienpräsenz geführt hat,ob durch die Fokussierung auf die Medienwirkung der Person des Papstes nicht auch strukturelle Probleme und innere Konflikte in der Kirche überdeckt worden sind,ob die Medienausstrahlung des Papstes nachhaltige Wirkung für Religion und Gesellschaft zeigt oder nur einen vorübergehenden "Event"-Charakter hatte,ob die Bezeichnung "Medienpapst" das richtige Wort war. 

Implementation of graphene multilayer electrodes in quantum dot light-emitting devices

Graphene is a highly attractive candidate for implementation as electrodes in next-generation large-area optoelectronic devices thanks to its high electrical conductivity and high optical transparency. In this study, we show all-solution-processed quantum dot-based light-emitting devices (QD-LEDs) using graphene mono- and multilayers as transparent electrodes. Here, the effect of the number of graphene layers (up to three) on the QD-LEDs performance was studied. While the implementation of a second graphene layer was found to reduce the turn-on voltage from 2.6 to 1.8 V, a third graphene layer was observed to increase the turn-on voltage again, which is attributed to an increased roughness of the graphene layer stack

Exciton-driven change of phonon modes causes strong temperature dependent bandgap shift in nanoclusters

The fundamental bandgap E-g of a semiconductor-often determined by means of optical spectroscopy-represents its characteristic fingerprint and changes distinctively with temperature. Here, we demonstrate that in magic sized II-VI clusters containing only 26 atoms, a pronounced weakening of the bonds occurs upon optical excitation, which results in a strong exciton-driven shift of the phonon spectrum. As a consequence, a drastic increase of dE(g)/dT (up to a factor of 2) with respect to bulk material or nanocrystals of typical size is found. We are able to describe our experimental data with excellent quantitative agreement from first principles deriving the bandgap shift with temperature as the vibrational entropy contribution to the free energy difference between the ground and optically excited states. Our work demonstrates how in small nanoparticles, photons as the probe medium affect the bandgap-a fundamental semiconductor property. The bandgap of nanostructures usually follows the bulk value upon temperature change. Here, the authors find that in small nanocrystals a weakening of the bonds due to optical excitation causes a pronounced phonon shift, leading to a drastic enhancement of the bandgap's temperature dependence.

Progress and Challenges of InGaN/GaN-Based Core–Shell Microrod LEDs

LEDs based on planar InGaN/GaN heterostructures define an important standard for solid-state lighting. However, one drawback is the polarization field of the wurtzite heterostructure impacting both electron–hole overlap and emission energy. Three-dimensional core–shell microrods offer field-free sidewalls, thus improving radiative recombination rates while simultaneously increasing the light-emitting area per substrate size. Despite those promises, microrods have still not replaced planar devices. In this review, we discuss the progress in device processing and analysis of microrod LEDs and emphasize the perspectives related to the 3D device architecture from an applications point of view

Graphene as a Transparent Conductive Electrode in GaN-Based LEDs

Graphene combines high conductivity (sheet resistance down to a few hundred Ω/sq and even less) with high transparency (>90%) and thus exhibits a huge application potential as a transparent conductive electrode in gallium nitride (GaN)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs), being an economical alternative to common indium-based solutions. Here, we present an overview of the state-of-the-art graphene-based transparent conductive electrodes in GaN-based LEDs. The focus is placed on the manufacturing progress and the resulting properties of the fabricated devices. Transferred as well as directly grown graphene layers are considered. We discuss the impact of graphene-based transparent conductive electrodes on current spreading and contact resistance, and reveal future challenges and perspectives on the use of graphene in GaN-based LEDs

Supported Vanadium Oxide as a Photocatalyst in the Liquid Phase: Dissolution Studies and Selective Laser Excitation

Supported vanadium oxide species are tested for their capability to perform photocatalytic methyl orange degradation in the aqueous phase. Excitation is performed with a frequency-tripled (λ=270 nm) or frequency-doubled (λ=405 nm) Ti:sapphire laser in a newly designed 15 ml photoreactor. Photocatalytic activity in dye degradation is only observed at 270 nm excitation, indicating that larger vanadium oxide structures (V2O5 nanoparticles, decavanadates) are either not present in sufficient quantities, or not active in the reaction. Reference experiments exclude pure photodegradation of the dye. It is found that a major part of the supported vanadium oxide species becomes detached from the silica support, and a very small fraction detaches from alumina. Considerations of the aqueous phase chemistry of dissolved vanadate ions allow to identify the formed dissolved species to be predominantly H2VO4− ions. These doubly protonated monovanadates are the main active species in the photocatalytic reaction, together with small anchored species on alumina