REVIEW OF RESEARCH ON GYNECOLOGICAL CANCERS IN AYURVEDA – AN UPDATE

In spite of advanced chemotherapy and radiotherapy the term Cancer still induces fear of death in common man. Cancers figure among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer related deaths (2012). Generally in the women, the five most common sites of cancer are breast, colorectum, lung, cervix, and stomach. But, the most common types of gynaecologic malignancies are cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial (uterus) cancer etc. On par with other cancers, Gynecological cancers also contribute to significant number of deaths. In India alone, among the gynaecological cancers, breast cancer accounts for 21.5% deaths; cervical cancer for 20.7% deaths, ovarian cancer for 6.0% of deaths (World Health Organization - Cancer Country Profiles, 2014).The main goals of a cancer diagnosis and treatment programme are to cure or considerably prolong the life of patients and to ensure the best possible quality of life to cancer survivors. Ayurveda plays a key role in prevention; prolong the life span and improvement of quality of life in cancer. In the direction of prevention of cervical carcinoma, poly-herbal compounds ‘Praneem’ and ‘Basant’ are studied extensively. To improve the quality of life, CCRAS have been initiated trials with coded drug AYUSH-QOL-2C, in non-metastatic breast cancer patients those who are receiving chemotherapy/radio-therapy, at St. Johns medical college, Bangalore, Karnataka. Some other clinical studies are also carried out to see the effect of turmeric as an adjuvant in abroad. Apart from the clinical trials number of single herbal drugs like Haridra, Bhallataka, Ashvagandha etc., and compound herbo-mineral preparations are studied to see their efficacy on different types of gynaecological cancers. In united states of America, clinical trials on arsenic preparations are also carried out. Present article aims to review the usefulness of these drugs in Gynecological cancers and their safety too

Radiative processes (tau -> mu gamma, mu -> e gamma and muon g-2) as probes of ESSM/SO(10)

The Extended Supersymmetric Standard Model (ESSM), motivated on several grounds, introduces two vectorlike families (16 + 16-bar) of SO(10)) with masses of order one TeV. It is noted that the successful predictions of prior work on fermion masses and mixings, based on MSSM embedded in SO(10), can be retained rather simply within the ESSM extension. These include an understanding of the smallness of V_{cb} ~ 0.04 and the largeness of nu_mu - nu_tau oscillation angle, sin^2 2 theta_{nu_mu nu_tau}^{osc} ~ 1. We analyze the new contributions arising through the exchange of the vectorlike families of ESSM to radiative processes including tau -> mu gamma, mu -> e gamma, b -> s gamma, EDM of the muon and the muon (g-2). We show that ESSM makes significant contributions especially to the decays tau -> mu gamma and mu -> e gamma and simultaneously to muon (g-2). For a large and plausible range of relevant parameters, we obtain: a_mu^{ESSM} ~ +(10-40) times 10^{-10}, with a correlated prediction that tau -> mu gamma should be discovered with an improvement in its current limit by a factor of 3-20. The implications for mu -> e gamma are very similar. The muon EDM is within reach of the next generation experiments. Thus, ESSM with heavy leptons being lighter than about 700 GeV (say) can be probed effectively by radiative processes before a direct search for these vectorlike leptons and quarks is feasible at the LHC.Comment: 27 pages LaTex, 2 figure

International, collaborative assessment of 146 000 prenatal karyotypes: expected limitations if only chromosome-specific probes and fluorescent in-situ hybridization are used

The development of chromosome-specific probes (CSP) and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) has allowed for very rapid identification of selected numerical abnormalities. We attempt here to determine, in principle, what percentage of abnormalities would be detectable if only CSP-FISH were performed without karyotype for prenatal diagnosis. A total of 146 128 consecutive karyotypes for prenatal diagnosis from eight centres in four countries for 5 years were compared with predicted detection if probes for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y were used, and assuming 100% detection efficiency. A total of 4163 abnormalities (2.85%) were found including 2889 (69.4%) (trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, numerical sex chromosome abnormalities, and triploidies) which were considered detectable by FISH. Of these, 1274 were mosaics, translocations, deletions, inversions, rings, and markers which would not be considered detectable. CSP-FISH is a useful adjunct to karyotype for high risk situations, and may be appropriate in low risk screening, but should not be seen as a replacement for karyotype as too many structural chromosome abnormalities will be misse

The CDF dijet excess from intrinsic quarks

The CDF collaboration reported an excess in the production of two jets in association with a $W$. We discuss constraints on possible new particle state interpretations of this excess. The fact of no statistically significant deviation from the SM expectation for {$Z$+dijet} events in CDF data disfavors the new particle explanation. We show that the nucleon intrinsic strange quarks provide an important contribution to the $W$ boson production in association with a single top quark production. Such {$W$+t} single top quark production can contribute to the CDF {$W$+dijet} excess, thus the nucleon intrinsic quarks can provide a possible explanation to the CDF excess in {$W$+dijet} but not in {$Z$+dijet} events.Comment: 4 latex pages, 1 figure. Version for journal publicatio

The NuTeV Anomaly, Neutrino Mixing, and a Heavy Higgs Boson

Recent results from the NuTeV experiment at Fermilab and the deviation of the Z invisible width, measured at LEP/SLC, from its Standard Model (SM) prediction suggest the suppression of neutrino-Z couplings. Such suppressions occur naturally in models which mix the neutrinos with heavy gauge singlet states. We postulate a universal suppression of the Z-nu-nu couplings by a factor of (1-epsilon) and perform a fit to the Z-pole and NuTeV observables with epsilon and the oblique correction parameters S and T. Compared to a fit with S and T only, inclusion of epsilon leads to a dramatic improvement in the quality of the fit. The values of S and T preferred by the fit can be obtained within the SM by a simple increase in the Higgs boson mass. However, if the W mass is also included in the fit, a non-zero U parameter becomes necessary which cannot be supplied within the SM. The preferred value of epsilon suggests that the seesaw mechanism may not be the reason why neutrinos are so light.Comment: 19 pages, REVTeX4, 8 postscript figures. Updated references. Typos correcte

The Z-Z' Mass Hierarchy in a Supersymmetric Model with a Secluded U(1)'-Breaking Sector

We consider the Z'/Z mass hierarchy in a supersymmetric model in which the U(1)' is broken in a secluded sector coupled to the ordinary sector only by gauge and possibly soft terms. A large mass hierarchy can be achieved while maintaining the normal sparticle spectra if there is a direction in which the tree level potential becomes flat when a particular Yukawa coupling vanishes. We describe the conditions needed for the desired breaking pattern, to avoid unwanted global symmetries, and for an acceptable effective mu parameter. The electroweak breaking is dominated by A terms rather than scalar masses, leading to tan beta ~ 1. The spectrum of the symmetry breaking sector is displayed. There is significant mixing between the MSSM particles and new standard model singlets, for both the Higgs scalars and the neutralinos. A larger Yukawa coupling for the effective mu parameter is allowed than in the NMSSM because of the U(1)' contribution to the running from a high scale. The upper bound on the tree-level mass of the lightest CP even Higgs doublet mass is about c x 174 GeV, where c is of order unity, but the actual mass eigenvalues are generally smaller because of singlet mixing.Comment: Latex, 12 Tables, 22 page

Primordial Nucleosynthesis Constraints on Z' Properties

In models involving new TeV-scale Z' gauge bosons, the new U(1)' symmetry often prevents the generation of Majorana masses needed for a conventional neutrino seesaw, leading to three superweakly interacting ``right-handed'' neutrinos nu_R, the Dirac partners of the ordinary neutrinos. These can be produced prior to big bang nucleosynthesis by the Z' interactions, leading to a faster expansion rate and too much ^4He. We quantify the constraints on the Z' properties from nucleosynthesis for Z' couplings motivated by a class of E_6 models parametrized by an angle theta_E6. The rate for the annihilation of three approximately massless right-handed neutrinos into other particle pairs through the Z' channel is calculated. The decoupling temperature, which is higher than that of ordinary left-handed neutrinos due to the large Z' mass, is evaluated, and the equivalent number of new doublet neutrinos Delta N_nu is obtained numerically as a function of the Z' mass and couplings for a variety of assumptions concerning the Z-Z' mixing angle and the quark-hadron transition temperature T_c. Except near the values of theta_E6 for which the Z' decouples from the right-handed neutrinos, the Z' mass and mixing constraints from nucleosynthesis are much more stringent than the existing laboratory limits from searches for direct production or from precision electroweak data, and are comparable to the ranges that may ultimately be probed at proposed colliders. For the case T_c = 150 MeV with the theoretically favored range of Z-Z' mixings, Delta N_nu 4.3 TeV for any value of theta_E6. Larger mixing or larger T_c often lead to unacceptably large Delta N_nu except near the nu_R decoupling limit.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures; two additional references adde

Walking Behavior in Technicolored GUTs

There exist two ways to obtain walk behavior: assuming a large number of technifermions in the fundamental representation of the technicolor (TC) gauge group, or a small number of technifermions, assuming that these fermions are in higher-dimensional representations of the TC group. We propose a scheme to obtain the walking behavior based on technicolored GUTs (TGUTs), where elementary scalars with the TC degree of freedom may remain in the theory after the GUT symmetry breaking.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figur

The Cholecystectomy As A Day Case (CAAD) Score: A Validated Score of Preoperative Predictors of Successful Day-Case Cholecystectomy Using the CholeS Data Set

Background Day-case surgery is associated with significant patient and cost benefits. However, only 43% of cholecystectomy patients are discharged home the same day. One hypothesis is day-case cholecystectomy rates, defined as patients discharged the same day as their operation, may be improved by better assessment of patients using standard preoperative variables. Methods Data were extracted from a prospectively collected data set of cholecystectomy patients from 166 UK and Irish hospitals (CholeS). Cholecystectomies performed as elective procedures were divided into main (75%) and validation (25%) data sets. Preoperative predictors were identified, and a risk score of failed day case was devised using multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating curve analysis was used to validate the score in the validation data set. Results Of the 7426 elective cholecystectomies performed, 49% of these were discharged home the same day. Same-day discharge following cholecystectomy was less likely with older patients (OR 0.18, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), higher ASA scores (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.15–0.23), complicated cholelithiasis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.48), male gender (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.58–0.74), previous acute gallstone-related admissions (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.48–0.60) and preoperative endoscopic intervention (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.34–0.47). The CAAD score was developed using these variables. When applied to the validation subgroup, a CAAD score of ≤5 was associated with 80.8% successful day-case cholecystectomy compared with 19.2% associated with a CAAD score >5 (p < 0.001). Conclusions The CAAD score which utilises data readily available from clinic letters and electronic sources can predict same-day discharges following cholecystectomy