Induction of Lipoxygenase in downy mildew resistant seedlings of pearl millet in response to inoculation with Sclerospora graminicola

Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity was studied in seedlings of pearl millet genotypes resistant and susceptible to downy mildew pathogen Sclerospora graminicola. An increase in LOX activity was observed during the incompatible host-pathogen interaction whereas the activity decreased in compatible ones. Resistant pearl millet seedlings exhibited a 2.4-fold increase in LOX activity after inoculation with the pathogen. The enzyme activity was maximum at 18 h after inoculation. The enzyme activity was maximum in shoot portion of resistant genotype after inoculation. The enzyme activity correlated well with the degree of host-resistance to the pathogen. Substrate-based gel assay revealed five isozymes (LOX-1, LOX-2, LOX-3, LOX-4 & LOX-5) in both susceptible and resistant genotype. An additional isozyme (LOX-6) was unique to only resistant genotype after inoculation

Evaluation of claw development in giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879)

Dynamics of claw development in Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) was evaluated through monosex culture. The segregated males and females were stocked separately in two earthen ponds of 200 m2 area, at a density of 2.5 m-2 and reared for 3 months. Percentage contribution of claw weight to body weight (PCB) increased from 8.96 to 14.4% in the first month, but the change was minimal (14.4 to 17.19%) during the rest of the culture period. In order to delineate the relationship further, the data obtained was pooled together and classified into different classes based on the body weight (class interval 10 g). Interestingly, PCB in males decreased gradually upto 30 - 40 g weight class and then increased considerably for higher weight classes. But for females, the increase in PCB was marginal

Ontogenetic Development of Digestive Tract and Enzymes Activity in Hatchery-reared Pink Ear Emperor, Lethrinus lentjan Larvae

Ontogenetic development of the digestive tract and associated organs of Lethrinus lentjan larvae was were learned by observing changes in external morphology, histology, and enzymatic changes from hatchling to 40-day post-hatching (dph). Ontogenetic development of the L. lentjan digestive system can be divided into three major stages; the first stage from hatching of larvae to complete absorption of yolksac, which ends on 2 dph, the second stage from 3 to 15 dph i.e., from exogenous feeding to the formation of the gastric gland and third stage till completion of metamorphosis (35 dph). Pyloric caeca were developed after 20 dph, which was formed entirely by 27 dph. Enzymatic activities of amylase, lipase, trypsin and chymotrypsin were detected before the onset of exogenous feeding and pepsin was detected from 19 dph onwards in L. lentjan. So considering both histology of digestive tract and enzyme development, weaning of L. lentjan larvae to artificial diet can be practiced after 19-20 dph coinciding with the formation of pyloric caeca and production of pepsin enzyme for better digestibility and consequently better growth and survival. The present study can be expended as a reference guide to understand the digestive tract development and successful hatchery rearing of other economically important marine fishe

Observations on impact of stunting on breeding performance of farmed rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)

Breeding performance of stunted rohu Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) was compared with normally reared rohu. Randomly selected stunted and normal fishes were tagged and reared together in a single earthen pond for broodstock development. Both groups exhibited growth enhancement during the broodstock development period, though normal fishes were found larger in size than the stunted fishes, after the rearing period. Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) of female fishes indicated a similar trend of ovary growth in both the group

WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY IN BYRAMANGALA LAKE WATER AND SURROUNDING GROUND WATER

A study was carried out to find out the water quality of Byramangala lake of Ramanagara district. The water quality of Byramangala lake water and ground water from bore wells situated in the area within 600 meters surrounding the lake was analyzed. The quality analysis of various parameters such as BODs, COD, DO, E-Coli, and pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids and Total Hardness were tested. In addition, the presence of metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), and Iron (Fe) in the lake water and ground water samples were tested. Results for the various tests conducted showed similar trends for both lake water and ground water. It was observed that certain parameters such as BOD5, and COD were beyond permissible limits as per the BIS standards for drinking water. A few remedial measures have been proposed that may help in mitigating the pollution in the selected project area Byramangala Lake

Effect of dietary tryptophan supplementation on growth, body composition and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile silver pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801)

A 60-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effect of dietary supplementation of tryptophan in juvenile silver pompano Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801) (Average initial weight=6.81±0.05 g). Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic feeds supplemented with tryptophan at different levels, 0 (TRP0), 0.5 (TRP0.5), 1.0 (TRP1.0), 1.5 (TRP1.5) and 2.0 (TRP2.0) g 100 g-1 of diets were formulated. The weight gain%, specific growth rate, hepato-somatic index, digestives enzymes of stomach and intestine except protease activity in stomach, red blood cells, white blood cells, crude protein, fat and ash content of the fish were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by tryptophan supplementation. The viscero-somatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio, muscle ratio, protease activity in the stomach and acid insoluble ash were unaffected by the treatment. Best observations in terms of growth, body composition and digestive enzyme activity among the treatments were obtained in the fish group fed with tryptophan at a level of 0.5 g 100 g-1 feed. From the current observations it can be concluded that supplementation of tryptophan at the rate of 0.5 g 100 g-1 diet can positively influence the growth of T. blochii

Normal parameter reduction algorithm in soft set based on hybrid binary particle swarm and biogeography optimizer

© 2019, Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature. Existing classification techniques that are proposed previously for eliminating data inconsistency could not achieve an efficient parameter reduction in soft set theory, which effects on the obtained decisions. Meanwhile, the computational cost made during combination generation process of soft sets could cause machine infinite state, which is known as nondeterministic polynomial time. The contributions of this study are mainly focused on minimizing choices costs through adjusting the original classifications by decision partition order and enhancing the probability of searching domain space using a developed Markov chain model. Furthermore, this study introduces an efficient soft set reduction-based binary particle swarm optimized by biogeography-based optimizer (SSR-BPSO-BBO) algorithm that generates an accurate decision for optimal and sub-optimal choices. The results show that the decision partition order technique is performing better in parameter reduction up to 50%, while other algorithms could not obtain high reduction rates in some scenarios. In terms of accuracy, the proposed SSR-BPSO-BBO algorithm outperforms the other optimization algorithms in achieving high accuracy percentage of a given soft dataset. On the other hand, the proposed Markov chain model could significantly represent the robustness of our parameter reduction technique in obtaining the optimal decision and minimizing the search domain.Published versio

Purification and partial characterization of manganese superoxide dismutase from downy mildew resistant pearl millet seedlings inoculated with Sclerospora graminicola

The Mn-SOD was purified from pearl millet by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by column chromatography using DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The isozyme has a molecular weight of 35 kDa. Electrophoresis revealed a single band of SOD activity corresponding to the purified enzyme. The purified enzyme was stable over a pH range of 7.0–9.0 for 24 h, and a temperature range of 20–35°C. The purified pearl millet SOD exhibited insensitivity to hydrogen peroxide and cyanide, which is typical of Mn-containing SOD. SOD was purified 73-fold from pearl millet