889 research outputs found
An Atlas of K-line Spectra for Cool Magnetic CP Stars: The Wing-Nib Anomaly (WNA)
We present a short atlas illustrating the unusual Ca {\sc ii} K-line profiles
in upper main sequence stars with anomalous abundances. Slopes of the profiles
for 10 cool, magnetic chemically peculiar (CP) stars change abruptly at the
very core, forming a deep "nib." The nibs show the same or nearly the same
radial velocity as the other atomic lines. The near wings are generally more
shallow than in normal stars. In three magnetic CP stars, the K-lines are too
weak to show this shape, though the nibs themselves are arguably present. The
Ca {\sc ii} H-lines also show deep nibs, but the profiles are complicated by
the nearby, strong H absorption. The K-line structure is nearly
unchanged with phase in CrB and Cir. Calculations, including
NLTE, show that other possibilities in addition to chemical stratification may
yield nib-like cores.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, and 8 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ
Focusing by blocking: repeatedly generating central density peaks in self-propelled particle systems by exploiting diffusive processes
Over the past few years the displacement statistics of self-propelled
particles has been intensely studied, revealing their long-time diffusive
behavior. Here, we demonstrate that a concerted combination of boundary
conditions and switching on and off the self-propelling drive can generate and
afterwards arbitrarily often restore a non-stationary centered peak in their
spatial distribution. This corresponds to a partial reversibility of their
statistical behavior, in opposition to the above-mentioned long-time diffusive
nature. Interestingly, it is a diffusive process that mediates and makes
possible this procedure. It should be straightforward to verify our predictions
in a real experimental system.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Soft coronal X-rays from \beta{} Pictoris
A type stars are expected to be X-ray dark, yet weak emission has been
detected from several objects in this class. We present new Chandra/HRC-I
observations of the A5 V star \beta{} Pictoris. It is clearly detected with a
flux of 9+-2 10^{-4} counts/s. In comparison with previous data this constrains
the emission mechanism and we find that the most likely explanation is an
optically thin, collisionally dominated, thermal emission component with a
temperature around 1.1 MK. We interpret this component as a very cool and dim
corona, with \log L_X/L_{bol}=-8.2 (0.2-2.0 keV). Thus, it seems that \beta{}
Pictoris shares more characteristics with cool stars than previously thought.Comment: accepted by ApJ, 5 pages, 2 figure
Design of Multistep Aging Treatments of 2099 (C458) Al-Li Alloy
Multistep artificial aging treatments coupled with various natural aging times for aluminum lithium 2099 alloy (previously called C458) are discussed to obtain mechanical tensile properties in the T6 condition that match those in the T861 condition, having a yield strength in the range of 414-490 MPa (60-71 ksi), an ultimate strength in the range of 496-538 MPa (72-78 ksi), and 10-13% elongation. Yield and ultimate tensile strengths from 90-100% of the strength of the as-received material (in the T861 condition) were obtained. The highest tensile strengths were consistently obtained with two-step, low-to-high temperature artificial aging treatments consisting of a first step at 120 degrees C (248 degrees F) for 12-24 h followed by a second step between 165 and 180 degrees C (329-356 degrees F) for 48-100 h. These T6-type heat treatments produced average yield and ultimate strengths in the longitudinal direction in the range of 428-472 MPa (62.1-68.5 ksi) and 487-523 MPa (70.6-75.9 ksi), respectively, as well as lower yield strength anisotropy when compared with the as-received material in the T861 condition
Stratification and Isotope Separation in CP Stars
We investigate the elemental and isotopic stratification in the atmospheres
of selected chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper main sequence.
Reconfiguration of the UVES spectrograph in 2004 has made it possible to
examine all three lines of the Ca II infrared triplet. Much of the material
analyzed was obtained in 2008.
We support the claim of Ryabchikova, Kochukhov & Bagnulo (RKB) that the
calcium isotopes have distinct stratification profiles for the stars 10 Aql, HR
1217, and HD 122970, with the heavy isotope concentrated toward the higher
layers. Better observations are needed to learn the extent to which Ca-40
dominates in the deepest layers of all or most CP stars that show the presence
of Ca-48. There is little evidence for Ca-40 in the spectra of some HgMn stars,
and the infrared triplet in the magnetic star HD 101065 is well fit by pure
Ca-48. In HR 5623 (HD 133792) and HD 217522 it is likely that the heavy isotope
dominates, though models are possible where this is not the case.
While elemental stratification is surely needed in many cases, we point out
the importance of including adjustments in the assumed Teff and log(g) values,
in attempts to model stratification. We recommend emphasis on profiles of the
strongest lines, where the influence of stratification is most evident.
Isotopic mixtures, involving the 4 stable calcium nuclides with masses
between 40 and 48 are plausible, but are not emphasized.Comment: 16 Pages, 20 Figures, 10 Tables. Accepted for publication in Monthly
Notices of the RA
X-ray Variability in the Young Massive Triple theta2 Ori A
Massive stars rarely show intrinsic X-ray variability. The only O-stars
credited to be intrinsically variable are theta1 Ori C due to effects from
magnetic confinement of its wind, and theta2 Ori A suspected of similar
activity. Early Chandra observations have shown that the most massive star
system in the Orion Trapezium Cluster, theta2 Ori A, shows rapid variability on
time scales of hours. We determine X-ray fluxes and find that the star shows
very strong variability over the last 5 years. We observed a second large X-ray
outburst in November 2004 with the high resolution transmission grating
spectrometer on-board Chandra. In the low state X-ray emissivities indicate
temperatures well above 25 MK. In the high state we find an extended emissivity
distribution with high emissivities in the range from 3 MK to over 100 MK. The
outburst event in stellar terms is one of the most powerful ever observed and
the most energetic one in the ONC with a lower total energy limit of 1.5x10^37
ergs. The line diagnostics show that under the assumption that the line
emitting regions in the low states are as close as within 1 -- 2 stellar radii
from the O-star's photosphere, whereas the hard states suggest a distance of 3
-- 5 stellar radii. The two outbursts are very close to the periastron passage
of the stars. We argue that the high X-ray states are possibly the result of
reconnection events from magnetic interactions of the primary and secondary
stars of the spectroscopic binary. Effects from wind collisions seem unlikely
for this system. The low state emissivity and R-ratios strengthen the
predicament that the X-ray emission is enhanced by magnetic confinement of the
primary wind. We also detect Fe fluorescence indicative of the existence of
substantial amounts of neutral Fe in the vicinity of the X-ray emission.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Main Journa
Chandra HETGS Multi-Phase Spectroscopy of the Young Magnetic O Star theta^1 Orionis C
We report on four Chandra grating observations of the oblique magnetic
rotator theta^1 Ori C (O5.5 V) covering a wide range of viewing angles with
respect to the star's 1060 G dipole magnetic field. We employ line-width and
centroid analyses to study the dynamics of the X-ray emitting plasma in the
circumstellar environment, as well as line-ratio diagnostics to constrain the
spatial location, and global spectral modeling to constrain the temperature
distribution and abundances of the very hot plasma. We investigate these
diagnostics as a function of viewing angle and analyze them in conjunction with
new MHD simulations of the magnetically channeled wind shock mechanism on
theta^1 Ori C. This model fits all the data surprisingly well, predicting the
temperature, luminosity, and occultation of the X-ray emitting plasma with
rotation phase.Comment: 52 pages, 14 figures (1 color), 6 tables. To appear in the
Astrophysical Journal, 1 August 2005, v628, issue 2. New version corrects
e-mail address, figure and table formatting problem
X-ray Emission from Young Stellar Objects in the \epsilon Chamaeleontis Group: the Herbig Ae Star HD 104237 and Associated Low-Mass Stars
We present Chandra-HETGS observations of the Herbig Ae star HD 104237 and the
associated young stars comprising lower mass stars, in the 0.15-1.75\msol mass
range, in their pre-main sequence phase. The brightest X-ray source in the
association is the central system harboring the Herbig Ae primary, and a K3
companion. Its X-ray variability indicates modulation possibly on time scales
of the rotation period of the Herbig Ae star, and this would imply that the
primary significantly contributes to the overall emission. The spectrum of the
Herbig Ae+K3 system shows a soft component significantly more pronounced than
in other K-type young stars. This soft emission is reminiscent of the unusually
soft spectra observed for the single Herbig Ae stars HD 163296 and AB Aur, and
therefore we tentatively attribute it to the Herbig Ae of the binary system.
The HETGS spectrum shows strong emission lines corresponding to a wide range of
plasma temperatures. The He-like triplet of MgXI and NeIX suggest the presence
of plasma at densities of about cm, possibly indicating
accretion related X-ray production mechanism.
The analysis of the zero-order spectra of the other sources indicates X-ray
emission characteristics typical of pre-main sequence stars of similar spectral
type, with the exception of the T Tauri HD104237-D, whose extremely soft
emission is very similar to the emission of the classical T Tauri star TW Hya,
and suggests X-ray production by shocked accreting plasma.Comment: accepted for publication on the Astrophysical Journa
Lower bounds for several online variants of bin packing
We consider several previously studied online variants of bin packing and
prove new and improved lower bounds on the asymptotic competitive ratios for
them. For that, we use a method of fully adaptive constructions. In particular,
we improve the lower bound for the asymptotic competitive ratio of online
square packing significantly, raising it from roughly 1.68 to above 1.75.Comment: WAOA 201
The Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere of Sigma Ori E
We attempt to characterize the observed variability of the magnetic
helium-strong star sigma Ori E in terms of a recently developed rigidly
rotating magnetosphere model. This model predicts the accumulation of
circumstellar plasma in two co-rotating clouds, situated in magnetohydrostatic
equilibrium at the intersection between magnetic and rotational equators. We
find that the model can reproduce well the periodic modulations observed in the
star's light curve, H alpha emission-line profile, and longitudinal field
strength, confirming that it furnishes an essentially correct, quantitative
description of the star's magnetically controlled circumstellar environment.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted by Ap
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