PENGARUH SETRATEGI PNGAJARAN TERBALIK (RECIPROCAL TEACHING) PADA MATA PELAJARAN TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA DI SMKN 2 SURABAYA

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah dengan strategi pengajaran terbalik (Reciprocal Teaching) terhadap hasil belajar siswa dibanding menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung pada mata pelajaran teknik elektronika di SMKN 2 Surabaya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperimen Design dengan menggunakan bentuk Nonequivalent Control Grup Design. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kelas X TAV 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas X TAV 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Kelas eksperimen menggunakan MPBM dengan strategi pengajaran terbalik (Reciprocal Teaching) dan kelas kontrol menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen sebesar 88,57 dan rata-rata hasil belajar kelas kontrol 82,63 dengan selisih kedua rata-rata 5,953. Hasil perhitungan uji-t didapat t hitung > ttabel  yaitu thitung  sebesar 5,661 dan ttabel sebesar 1,67 dengan taraf signifikan 0,05 hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,351. Derdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa, terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan MPBM dengan strategi pengajaran terbalik (Reciprocal Teaching) dibanding hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung. Selanjutnya analisis respon siswa terhadap proses belajar mengajar menggunakan strategi pembelajaran terbalik (reciprocal teaching) menunjukkan persentase sebesar 86,29% dan masuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik. Kata Kunci: Strategi Pengajaran Terbalik (Reciprocal Teaching).   Abstract This research aims to determine the differences in student learning outcomes using Problem based learning with Reciprocal Teaching compare student learning outcomes with direct instruction in teknik elektronika subjects at SMKN 2 Surabaya. The method used Quasi Experimental Design with Nonequivalent Control Group Design form. Subjects in this study were class X TAV 1 as an experimental class and class X TAV 2 as the control class. Experimental class using Reciprocal Teaching and control class using direct instruction. This research showed that the average of learning outcomes of the experimental class is 88.57 and an average of learning outcomes of control class is 82.63 with difference of the average is 5.953. T-test calculation results obtained t count > t table that t count 5.661 and t table 1.67 with 0.05 significance level, calculation results obtained significance value of 0.351. Based on research data, there are differences in learning outcomes of students who using Problem based learning with reciprocal Teaching with the student using direct instruction. Further analysis of students' response to the learning process using reciprocal teaching strategies shows the percentage of 86.29% and enter into the excellent category. Key words: Reciprocal Teaching Strateg

Investigating the Vascularization of Tissue-Engineered Bone Constructs Using Dental Pulp Cells and 45S5 Bioglass(®) Scaffolds.

Identification of a suitable cell source combined with an appropriate 3D scaffold is an essential prerequisite for successful engineering of skeletal tissues. Both osteogenesis and angiogenesis are key processes for bone regeneration. This study investigated the vascularization potential of a novel combination of human dental pulp stromal cells (HDPSCs) with 45S5 Bioglass(®) scaffolds for tissue-engineered mineral constructs in vivo and in vitro. 45S5 Bioglass scaffolds were produced by the foam replication technique with the standard composition of 45 wt% SiO2, 24.5 wt% Na2O, 24.5 wt% CaO, and 6 wt% P2O5. HDPSCs were cultured in monolayers and on porous 45S5 Bioglass scaffolds under angiogenic and osteogenic conditions for 2-4 weeks. HDPSCs expressed endothelial gene markers (CD34, CD31/PECAM1, and VEGFR2) under both conditions in the monolayer. A combination of HDPSCs with 45S5 Bioglass enhanced the expression of these gene markers. Positive immunostaining for CD31/PECAM1 and VEGFR2 and negative staining for CD34 supported the gene expression data, while histology revealed evidence of endothelial cell-like morphology within the constructs. More organized tubular structures, resembling microvessels, were seen in the constructs after 8 weeks of implantation in vivo. In conclusion, this study suggests that the combination of HDPSCs with 45S5 Bioglass scaffolds offers a promising strategy for regenerating vascularized bone grafts

Erythropoietin Couples Hematopoiesis with Bone Formation

It is well established that bleeding activates the hematopoietic system to regenerate the loss of mature blood elements. We have shown that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) isolated from animals challenged with an acute bleed regulate osteoblast differentiation from marrow stromal cells. This suggests that HSCs participate in bone formation where the molecular basis for this activity is the production of BMP2 and BMP6 by HSCs. Yet, what stimulates HSCs to produce BMPs is unclear.In this study, we demonstrate that erythropoietin (Epo) activates Jak-Stat signaling pathways in HSCs which leads to the production of BMPs. Critically, Epo also directly activates mesenchymal cells to form osteoblasts in vitro, which in vivo leads to bone formation. Importantly, Epo first activates osteoclastogenesis which is later followed by osteoblastogenesis that is induced by either Epo directly or the expression of BMPs by HSCs to form bone.These data for the first time demonstrate that Epo regulates the formation of bone by both direct and indirect pathways, and further demonstrates the exquisite coupling between hematopoiesis and osteopoiesis in the marrow

Articulated Whole-Body Atlases for Small Animal Image Analysis: Construction and Applications

Bone and mineral researc

High Tumour Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Immunoreactivity Negatively Impacts Disease-Specific Survival in Stage II Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND: There is good evidence in the literature that the cannabinoid system is disturbed in colorectal cancer. In the present study, we have investigated whether CB(1) receptor immunoreactive intensity (CB(1)IR intensity) is associated with disease severity and outcome. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: CB(1)IR was assessed in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens collected with a consecutive intent during primary tumour surgical resection from a series of cases diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Tumour centre (n = 483) and invasive front (n = 486) CB(1)IR was scored from 0 (absent) to 3 (intense staining) and the data was analysed as a median split i.e. CB(1)IR <2 and ≥2. In microsatellite stable, but not microsatellite instable tumours (as adjudged on the basis of immunohistochemical determination of four mismatch repair proteins), there was a significant positive association of the tumour grade with the CB(1)IR intensity. The difference between the microsatellite stable and instable tumours for this association of CB(1)IR was related to the CpG island methylation status of the cases. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses indicated a significant contribution of CB(1)IR to disease-specific survival in the microsatellite stable tumours when adjusting for tumour stage. For the cases with stage II microsatellite stable tumours, there was a significant effect of both tumour centre and front CB(1)IR upon disease specific survival. The 5 year probabilities of event-free survival were: 85±5 and 66±8%; tumour interior, 86±4% and 63±8% for the CB(1)IR<2 and CB(1)IR≥2 groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The level of CB(1) receptor expression in colorectal cancer is associated with the tumour grade in a manner dependent upon the degree of CpG hypermethylation. A high CB(1)IR is indicative of a poorer prognosis in stage II microsatellite stable tumour patients

The role of peptides in bone healing and regeneration: A systematic review

Background: Bone tissue engineering and the research surrounding peptides has expanded significantly over the last few decades. Several peptides have been shown to support and stimulate the bone healing response and have been proposed as therapeutic vehicles for clinical use. The aim of this comprehensive review is to present the clinical and experimental studies analysing the potential role of peptides for bone healing and bone regeneration. Methods: A systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Articles presenting peptides capable of exerting an upregulatory effect on osteoprogenitor cells and bone healing were included in the study. Results: Based on the available literature, a significant amount of experimental in vitro and in vivo evidence exists. Several peptides were found to upregulate the bone healing response in experimental models and could act as potential candidates for future clinical applications. However, from the available peptides that reached the level of clinical trials, the presented results are limited. Conclusion: Further research is desirable to shed more light into the processes governing the osteoprogenitor cellular responses. With further advances in the field of biomimetic materials and scaffolds, new treatment modalities for bone repair will emerge

Serotonergic chemosensory neurons modify the <i>C. elegans</i> immune response by regulating G-protein signaling in epithelial cells

The nervous and immune systems influence each other, allowing animals to rapidly protect themselves from changes in their internal and external environment. However, the complex nature of these systems in mammals makes it difficult to determine how neuronal signaling influences the immune response. Here we show that serotonin, synthesized in Caenorhabditis elegans chemosensory neurons, modulates the immune response. Serotonin released from these cells acts, directly or indirectly, to regulate G-protein signaling in epithelial cells. Signaling in these cells is required for the immune response to infection by the natural pathogen Microbacterium nematophilum. Here we show that serotonin signaling suppresses the innate immune response and limits the rate of pathogen clearance. We show that C. elegans uses classical neurotransmitters to alter the immune response. Serotonin released from sensory neurons may function to modify the immune system in response to changes in the animal's external environment such as the availability, or quality, of food

A Critical Review on the Structural Health Monitoring Methods of the Composite Wind Turbine Blades

With increasing turbine size, monitoring of blades becomes increasingly im-portant, in order to prevent catastrophic damages and unnecessary mainte-nance, minimize the downtime and labor cost and improving the safety is-sues and reliability. The present work provides a review and classification of various structural health monitoring (SHM) methods as strain measurement utilizing optical fiber sensors and Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG’s), active/ pas-sive acoustic emission method, vibration‒based method, thermal imaging method and ultrasonic methods, based on the recent investigations and prom-ising novel techniques. Since accuracy, comprehensiveness and cost-effectiveness are the fundamental parameters in selecting the SHM method, a systematically summarized investigation encompassing methods capabilities/ limitations and sensors types, is needed. Furthermore, the damages which are included in the present work are fiber breakage, matrix cracking, delamina-tion, fiber debonding, crack opening at leading/ trailing edge and ice accre-tion. Taking into account the types of the sensors relevant to different SHM methods, the advantages/ capabilities and disadvantages/ limitations of repre-sented methods are nominated and analyzed