Sex Disparities in Arrest Outcomes for Domestic Violence

Domestic violence arrests have been historically focused on protecting women and children from abusive men. Arrest patterns continue to reflect this bias with more men arrested for domestic violence compared to women. Such potential gender variations in arrest patterns pave the way to the investigation of disparities by sex of the offender in domestic violence arrests. This study utilizes data from a quantitative dataset that includes responses by police officers who completed a specially mandated checklist after responding to a domestic dispute. The results showed that while females are arrested quite often in domestic disputes, there remains a significant difference in the arrest outcome whereby male suspects were more likely to be arrested than female suspects. Regression models further indicated differences based on sex and certain predictors of arrest, which supported sex-based rationales in arrests for domestic violence.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

The Milky Way Bulge: Observed properties and a comparison to external galaxies

The Milky Way bulge offers a unique opportunity to investigate in detail the role that different processes such as dynamical instabilities, hierarchical merging, and dissipational collapse may have played in the history of the Galaxy formation and evolution based on its resolved stellar population properties. Large observation programmes and surveys of the bulge are providing for the first time a look into the global view of the Milky Way bulge that can be compared with the bulges of other galaxies, and be used as a template for detailed comparison with models. The Milky Way has been shown to have a box/peanut (B/P) bulge and recent evidence seems to suggest the presence of an additional spheroidal component. In this review we summarise the global chemical abundances, kinematics and structural properties that allow us to disentangle these multiple components and provide constraints to understand their origin. The investigation of both detailed and global properties of the bulge now provide us with the opportunity to characterise the bulge as observed in models, and to place the mixed component bulge scenario in the general context of external galaxies. When writing this review, we considered the perspectives of researchers working with the Milky Way and researchers working with external galaxies. It is an attempt to approach both communities for a fruitful exchange of ideas.Comment: Review article to appear in "Galactic Bulges", Editors: Laurikainen E., Peletier R., Gadotti D., Springer Publishing. 36 pages, 10 figure

Socioecological stressor areas and black-white blood pressure: Detroit

1. 1. Blood pressure does appear to vary with `socioecological niches' or combinations of sex, race and residence, which reflect social class position as well as degree of social stressor conditions. Black High Stress males had higher adjusted levels than Black Low Stress males, while White High Stress females had higher adjusted pressures than White Low Stress females. Black High Stress females had significantly higher observed levels than Black Low Stress females.2. 2. Black High Stress males had a significantly higher per cent of Borderline and Hypertensive blood pressure than other male race-area groups; White Low Stress females had the lowest of all eight sex-race-stress area groups.3. 3. For Black males, the younger, overweight High Stress residents had significantly higher Borderline and Hypertensive levels than did a similar Black Low Stress subgroup. Further, for both groups, being raised in Detroit and not migrating from elsewhere was related to higher readings. Tests for age-stress area interaction, however, were not significant.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/33823/1/0000080.pd

Bioenergetics-based factorial model to determine feed requirement and waste output of tilapia produced under commercial conditions

A feed requirement and waste output model for commercial tilapia production was developed using the Fish-PrFEQ bioenergetics factorial approach and by an integration of data from commercial sources and the scientific literature. Different growth models were compared to determine the growth trajectory during three different production stages (nursery, 1-30 g body weight (BW); pre-growout, 30-220 g BW; and growout, >220 g BW) based on data from a commercial tilapia farm in Ecuador. Feed requirement was estimated based on digestible energy requirement (DEreq), calculated from the expected energy gain (recovered energy, RE), and estimates of energy losses associated with basal metabolism (HeE), heat increment of feeding (HiE), and urinary and branchial excretion (UE + ZE), all estimated by compiling and analysing data from published studies. The waste outputs were estimated using a nutrient mass balance approach. Feed requirement model simulations were compared with the results from a growth trial carried out under controlled conditions. The modified TGC models produced a better fit of the growth trajectory of the fish on the commercial farm across production stages compared with other growth models (specific growth rate, linear model). Values predicted for body weight (r = 0.998, P < 0.001) and feed conversion (FCR, feed: gain) (r = 0.849, P < 0.01) by the models were highly correlated to the observations from the growth trial. Total solid wastes (TSW) output of tilapia fed according to a realistic production scenario (feeds with 40, 30, 28% CP for nursery, pre-growout and grow out stages, respectively) was estimated at about 331 and 423 kg per tonne of feed fed and per tonne of fish produced, respectively. These results show that this model could be a valuable tool for production and feeding management on commercial tilapia culture operations