Product Design Education for Circular Economy

Design has continually developed new approaches to find the most appropriate solutions to the growing environmental and social problems. At the same time higher education courses have tried to adapt their curricula accordingly. The most recently proposed model is circular economy. It reinforces the idea of a paradigm shift to a system of closed loops where there is no waste. This article develops a state of the art on the integration of sustainability in product design in higher education and its evolution to embrace circular economy. This analysis includes identifying past experiences, which contents are addressed, what methodologies are used, what type of approach (focused or dispersed) and what are the needs for teaching staff. This paper tries to identify gaps in order to purpose better solution for circular economy integration.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Techno-Ecological Synergy: A Framework for Sustainable Engineering

Even though the importance of ecosystems in sustaining all human activities is well-known, methods for sustainable engineering fail to fully account for this role of nature. Most methods account for the demand for ecosystem services, but almost none account for the supply. Incomplete accounting of the very foundation of human well-being can result in perverse outcomes from decisions meant to enhance sustainability and lost opportunities for benefiting from the ability of nature to satisfy human needs in an economically and environmentally superior manner. This paper develops a framework for understanding and designing synergies between technological and ecological systems to encourage greater harmony between human activities and nature. This framework considers technological systems ranging from individual processes to supply chains and life cycles, along with corresponding ecological systems at multiple spatial scales ranging from local to global. The demand for specific ecosystem services is determined from information about emissions and resource use, while the supply is obtained from information about the capacity of relevant ecosystems. Metrics calculate the sustainability of individual ecosystem services at multiple spatial scales and help define necessary but not sufficient conditions for local and global sustainability. Efforts to reduce ecological overshoot encourage enhancement of life cycle efficiency, development of industrial symbiosis, innovative designs and policies, and ecological restoration, thus combining the best features of many existing methods. Opportunities for theoretical and applied research to make this framework practical are also discussed

Assessing the sustainability of Best Available Techniques (BAT): Methodology and application in the ceramic tiles industry

This paper presents a methodology for identifying sustainable and most appropriate BAT for a given industrial installation and sector. The methodology involves identification of environmental hot spots from an installation by using life cycle assessment (LCA) to guide the selection of candidate BAT options for targeting the hot spots. The selected BAT options are then assessed on sustainability using relevant environmental, economic, technical and social indicators. This enables benchmarking of different options and selection of the most appropriate alternative(s) for the system of interest. The application of the approach is illustrated by a case study of ceramic tiles produced in Spain. The results indicate that firing and drying are the hot spots for most sustainability impacts considered. To target these, 11 BAT options used in 13 alternative configurations of the manufacturing process have been considered and assessed on sustainability. The results suggest that the most sustainable BAT options for the ceramic tiles industry, both environmentally and economically, include heat recovery from the flue gas and its clean-up with CaCO3 and/or Ca(OH)2. Depending on the configuration, cost savings of up to 30% and environmental improvements of over 95% can be achieved with these BAT options

A Knowledge Repository to Support Ecodesign Implementation in Manufacturing Companies

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Aplicação da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida na análise de impactos ambientais de materiais de construção inovadores: estudo de caso da pegada de carbono de clínqueres alternativos

O setor da construção civil é reconhecido como um grande consumidor de recursos, e responsável por diversas emissões que causam impactos substanciais ao ambiente. Muitos destes impactos estão diretamente relacionados à produção de materiais de construção. Por isso, mundialmente cresce a tendência de se propor o uso de materiais de construção inovadores, que considerem a mitigação de seus impactos ambientais no processo produtivo. Para avaliar todos os impactos ambientais relacionados a estes materiais, é necessário que se avalie todas as fases de seu ciclo de vida. Para isso, propõe-se a aplicação da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV), metodologia internacionalmente consagrada na avaliação ambiental de produtos, processos e serviços, sendo também normatizada para o cálculo de declarações ambientais de produtos da construção civil. Sabe-se que a produção cimento emite quantidade pronunciadas de gases do efeito estufa. Por isso, neste trabalho, a ACV é aplicada para o cálculo da pegada de carbono de clínqueres alternativos produzidos em laboratório. Os resultados obtidos demonstram uma redução em 22% da pegada de carbono do clínquer alternativo em relação ao clínquer Portland, indicando as etapas do processo produtivo que mais colaboram para estes valores. Ainda, evidencia-se a ampla aplicabilidade da ferramenta ACV ao setor da construção