Propriétés pharmacologiques de la vigne rouge

Cultivée depuis des millénaires, la vigne rouge est une espèce ligneuse et grimpante renfermant différents composés chimiques, comme les polyphénols et les tanins qui lui confèrent de nombreuses propriétés thérapeutiques. Parmi eux, le resvératrol, polyphénol naturel de la vigne et abondamment retrouvé dans le vin rouge, pourrait contribuer à la lutte contre de nombreuses pathologies, dont le cancer et les maladies cardiovasculaires.LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF

Identification of a codominant scar marker linked to the seedlessness character in grapevine

International audienc

Genetic parameters for growth, muscularity, feed efficiency and carcass traits of young beef bulls

Genetic parameters were estimated for feed efficiency and live performance traits of 678 Blonde d'Aquitaine (BA) and 708 Limousin (LI) bulls born between 1991 and 2007, and for carcass traits of 3755 BA and 5263 LI progeny. Records at weaning were registered on-farm in 277 BA and 298 LI herds having provided purebred males for the French selection scheme of progeny tested bulls destined to artificial insemination. Analyzed traits included weight (WW) and muscle score (WM) recorded at weaning, and weight (LW) and muscle score (LM) recorded on bulls in performance test stations at 15 months. Feed intake (FI), residual feed intake (RFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were also recorded in performance test stations. Carcass traits recorded in progeny test stations were age-adjusted carcass weight (CW), dressing percentage (DP), European commercial score for carcass muscularity (CM) and carcass internal fatness score (CF). Multivariate analyses were performed on different trait combinations using BLUP animal model and REML methodology. Heritability estimates for WW, WM, LW, LM, FI, RFI, FCR, CW, DP, CM and CF were 0.27, 0.31, 0.57, 0.64, 0.30, 0.26, 0.30, 0.53, 0.62, 0.47 and 0.47 for BA, respectively, and 0.35, 0.35, 0.63, 0.51, 0.48, 0.45, 0.23, 0.61, 0.47, 0.54 and 0.38 for LI, respectively. Genetic correlations (rg) between live performance traits and the corresponding carcass traits were strong in both breeds, ranging from 0.52 to 0.98. Thus, an early selection on live traits recorded at weaning should improve carcass value of young bulls. In both breeds, genetic correlations were null to weak between growth and muscularity at weaning and feed utilization traits (|rg| 0.71) but weakly to moderately negatively with RFI and FCR (|rg| < 0.30). In both breeds, RFI was genetically independent from CF and weakly related to DP. Over the period 1991–2007, realized genetic trends estimated on males entering AI bull test stations were clearly positive on CW. For BA and LI bulls, annual trends were equal to 3.9% and 5.0% of genetic standard deviation (σg) per year, respectively. Estimated trends were lower for CM (1.3% and 3.7% σg per year, respectively), for RFI (− 1.5% and 0.0% σg per year, respectively) and FCR (− 1.0% and − 2.3% σg per year, respectively)

Usefulness of two SCAR markers for marker-assisted selection of seedless grapevine cultivars

International audienc

Towards marker-assisted selection for seedlessness in grapevine

National audienc

Athermal concentration by osmotic evaporation of roselle extract, apple and grape juices and impact on quality

International audienc

Genetic mapping of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) applied to the detection of QTLs for seedlessness and berry weight

DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-0951-zInternational audienc

Antitumoral and antimetastatic effect of antiangiogenic plasmids in B16 melanoma : Higher efficiency of the recombinant disintegrin domain of ADAM 15

BACKGROUND: Despite the discovery of novel inhibitors of tumor angiogenesis, protein-based antiangiogenic cancer therapy suffers some limitations that antiangiogenic gene therapy could overcome. We investigated whether intra-tumoral electrotransfer of three angiogenic plasmids could inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. METHODS: Plasmids encoding recombinant disintegrin domain of ADAM-15 (RDD), thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), and the soluble isoform of the VEGF receptor 1 (sFlt-1) were injected into B16F10 melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice followed by electroporation. Tumor volume was measured daily using a digital caliper. Metastasis was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence after surgical removal of the primary luciferase-encoding B16F10 tumor 5days after intra-tumoral electrotransfer. Markers of vascularization and cell proliferation were quantified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the antiangiogenic plasmids induced a significant inhibition of tumor growth, doubling of mean survival time and long-term survivors (∼40% vs 0% in control). When the tumor was removed by surgery after intra-tumoral plasmid electrotransfer, a significant decrease in tumor metastasis was observed leading to long-term tumor-free survival especially after treatment with pRDD plasmid (84% vs 0% in control). Unlike pTSP-1 and psFlt-1, pRDD significantly decreased cell proliferation in B16F10 primary tumors which express αvβ3 and α5β1 integrins. No effect of antiangiogenic plasmid electrotransfer on normal skin blood flow was detected. CONCLUSION: The intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the three antiangiogenic plasmids is a promising method for the treatment of melanoma. The plasmid encoding RDD seems to be particularly effective due to its direct antitumoral activity combined with angiogenesis suppression, and its marked inhibition of metastasis